1. Agent for lightening keratin fibers comprising, in a cosmetic carrier:
(i) at least one cationic acyl pyridinium derivative according to formula (I)
wherein
R is a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C2-C6 alkenyl group, a C2-C6 hydroxyalkyl group, a C1-C6-alkoxy-C2-C6-alkyl group, a carboxy-C1-C6-alkyl group, an aryl-C1-C6-alkyl group, a heteroaryl-C1-C6-alkyl group, a mono- or di-C1-C6-alkylamino-C2-C6-alkyl group, a 3-oxobutyl group, a 2-oxopropyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group;
R\u2032 is a C1-C4 alkyl group, a C2-C6 hydroxyalkyl group or a C1-C6-alkoxy-C2-C6-alkyl group; and
X\u2212 is a physiologically acceptable anion;
(ii) at least one toxicologically safe co-bleach activator andor the physiologically acceptable salt thereof; and
(iii) hydrogen peroxide.
2. Agent according to claim 1, wherein R in formula (I) is a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C2-C6 alkenyl group or a C2-C6 hydroxyalkyl group.
3. Agent according to claim 1, wherein at least one cationic acyl pyridinium derivative according to formula (I) is chosen from 4-acetyl-1-methylpyridinium p-toluene sulfonate, 4-acetyl-1-methylpyridinium benzene sulfonate, 4-acetyl-1-methylpyridinium bromide, 4-acetyl-1-methylpyridinium hydrogen sulfate, 4-acetyl-1-allylpyridinium p-toluene sulfonate, 4-acetyl-1-allylpyridinium benzene sulfonate, 4-acetyl-1-allylpyridinium bromide, 4-acetyl-1-allylpyridinium hydrogen sulfate, 4-acetyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyridinium p-toluene sulfonate, 4-acetyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyridinium benzene sulfonate, 4-acetyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyridinium bromide, or 4-acetyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyridinium hydrogen sulfate.
4. Agent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one acyl pyridinium derivatives of formula (I) are present in an amount of 0.01 to 25 wt. %, based on total weight of the agent.
5. Agent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one co-bleach activator andor the physiologically acceptable salt thereof is at least an aliphatic andor carbocyclic co-bleach activator.
6. Agent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one co-bleach activator andor the physiologically acceptable salt thereof comprises at least one functional group chosen from a hydroxy group, carboxylic acid, sulfuric acid monoester or phosphoric acid monoester.
7. Agent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one co-bleach activator is at least a co-bleach activator andor the physiologically acceptable salt thereof according to formula (II)
wherein
Y is a carbonyl group, a direct bond or methylene group;
R1 is hydrogen, a C1-C4 alkyl group, a physiologically acceptable cation or an SO3\u2212 or a PO32\u2212 group;
R2 is an amino, a methylamino, a dimethylamino, a trimethylammonio group, phenyl, benzyl, phenoxymethyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-, 3-, 4-toluoyl, or an R4-O\u2014(CH2CH2O)n group, wherein R4 is a C6-C20 alkyl group and n is a number 15 or greater;
R3 is hydrogen or an optionally branched C1-C6 alkyl group;
provided that
if Y is a carbonyl group,
R1 is hydrogen, a C1-C4 alkyl group or a physiologically acceptable cation,
R2 is an amino, a methylamino, a dimethylamino or a trimethylammonio group, and
R3 is hydrogen or an optionally branched C1-C6 alkyl group,
if Y is a direct bond,
R1 is hydrogen,
R2 is phenyl, benzyl, phenoxymethyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-, 3- or 4-toluoyl, and
R3 is hydrogen or an optionally branched C1-C6 alkyl group,
or
if Y is a methylene group,
R1 is an SO3\u2212 or a PO32\u2212 group,
R2 is an R4\u2014O(CH2CH2O)n group, in which R4 is a C6-C20 alkyl group and n is a number greater than 15, and
R3 is hydrogen.
8. Agent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one co-bleach activator is at least glycine andor the physiologically acceptable salt thereof.
9. Agent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one co-bleach activator is at least benzyl alcohol.
10. Agent according to claim 1, wherein the at least one co-bleach activator is at least a physiologically acceptable salt of R4-O(CH2CH2O)m\u2014SO3\u2212, wherein R4 is a C6-C20 alkyl group and m is a number 15 or greater.
11. Agent according to claim 1, wherein the co-bleach activator andor the physiologically acceptable salt thereof is present in an amount of 0.01 to 10 wt. %, based on total weight of the ready-to-use agent.
12. Agent according to claim 1, wherein it has a pH value of 7 to 11.
13. Agent according to claim 1 further comprising at least one inorganic persulfate or peroxodisulfate salt.
14. Method for lightening keratin fibers comprising applying an agent according to claim 1 onto keratin-containing fibers, leaving the agent on the fibers for 5 to 60 minutes, and rinsing the agent back out or washing the agent out with a shampoo.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for performing head tracking, comprising:
(a) receiving an input of an image including a facial area; and
(b) tracking a movement of the facial area,
wherein the step (b) comprises:
(b-1) if a rotation angle of a facial area is within a predetermined angle range from a front side, searching for a location change of feature points within a facial area through a comparison with a template learned in advance; and
(b-2) if a rotation angle of a facial area is beyond a predetermined angle range from a front side, searching for a location change of feature points within a facial area through a comparison with a facial area image frame previously inputted.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
initializing by detecting a facial area from an inputted image.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of initializing by detecting the facial area from the inputted image comprises:
detecting feature points within a facial area using FD, ED and MD techniques from an inputted 2D image; and
estimating an initial 3D location of a facial area from a facial area on the 2D image.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of estimating the initial 3D location of the facial area comprises:
estimating width and height of a face by using a distance between both eyes, estimating a roll angle using an angle between a line connecting both eyes and a horizontal line, and thereby calculating a rotation angle of a face.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein, after the step of initializing, a step of searching for a location change of feature points within a facial area through a comparison with the template learned in advance is performed at least once.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of initializing is performed as angles of yaw, pitch, and roll are respectively within a range of \xb122.5\xb0 from a front side of a facial area.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (b-1) is implemented using an active appearance model (AAM) algorithm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (b-2) estimates a 3D location of a facial area using a dynamic template technique.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the steps of searching for the location change of the feature points within the facial area are conducted by obtaining 6 parameters of the feature points.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the 6 parameters include a rotation angle with respect to X axis (pitching), a rotation angle with respect to Y axis (yawing), a rotation angle with respect to Z axis (rolling), a parallel movement distance with respect to X axis, a parallel movement distance with respect to Y axis, and a parallel movement distance with respect to Z axis.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the feature points within the facial area include centers of both eyes and both end points of a mouth.
12. (canceled)
13. An apparatus for performing head tracking, comprising:
an image input unit configured to receive an input of an image including a facial area; and
a facial area tracking unit configured to track a movement of the facial area,
wherein the facial area tracking unit is configured to perform:
a location change search of feature points within a facial area through a comparison with a template learned in advance, if a rotation angle of a facial area is within a predetermined angle range from a front side; and
a location change search of feature points within a facial area through a comparison with a facial area image frame previously inputted, if a rotation angle of a facial area is beyond a predetermined angle range from a front side.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
a facial area detecting unit configured to initialize by detecting a facial area from an inputted image.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the facial area detecting unit being configured to further perform:
a detection of feature points within a facial area using FD, ED, and MD techniques from an inputted 2D image; and
an estimate of an initial 3D location of a facial area from a facial area on the 2D image.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the estimate of the initial 3D location of the facial area comprises:
an estimate of a width and height of a face by using a distance between both eyes, an estimate of a roll angle using an angle between a line connecting both eyes and a horizontal line, and thereby calculate a rotation angle of a face.
17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein, after the initialization is performed, a process of searching for a location change of feature points within a facial area through a comparison with the template learned in advance is performed at least once.
18-19. (canceled)
20. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the location change search of the feature points within the facial area through the comparison with the facial area image frame previously inputted estimates a 3D location of a facial area using a dynamic template technique.
21. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the location change search of the feature points within the facial area are conducted by obtaining 6 parameters of the feature points.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the 6 parameters include a rotation angle with respect to X axis (pitching), a rotation angle with respect to Y axis (yawing), a rotation angle with respect to Z axis (rolling), a parallel movement distance with respect to X axis, a parallel movement distance with respect to Y axis, and a parallel movement distance with respect to Z axis.
23. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the feature points include centers of both eyes and both end points of a mouth.
24. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the predetermined angle is that angles of yaw, pitch, and roll are respectively \xb15\xb0 from a front of a facial area.
25. A computer-readable medium having instructions, which when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform:
(a) receiving an input of an image including a facial area; and
(b) tracking a movement of the facial area,
wherein the step (b) comprises:
(b-1) if a rotation angle of a facial area is within a predetermined angle range from a front side, searching for a location change of feature points within a facial area through a comparison with a template learned in advance; and
(b-2) if a rotation angle of a facial area is beyond a predetermined angle range from a front side, searching for a location change of feature points within a facial area through a comparison with a facial area image frame previously inputted.
26. A computer-readable medium of claim 25, further comprising:
initializing by detecting a facial area from an inputted image.
27. A computer-readable medium of claim 26, wherein the step of initializing by detecting the facial area from the inputted image comprises:
detecting feature points within a facial area using FD, ED and MD techniques from an inputted 2D image; and
estimating an initial 3D location of a facial area from a facial area on the 2D image.
28. A computer-readable medium of claim 27, wherein the step of estimating the initial 3D location of the facial area comprises:
estimating width and height of a face by using a distance between both eyes, estimating a roll angle using an angle between a line connecting both eyes and a horizontal line, and thereby calculating a rotation angle of a face.