1. A memory system, comprising:
a plurality of resistive memory cell fields including at least a first resistive memory cell field and a second resistive memory cell field, the first resistive memory cell field formed with a plurality of resistive memory cells storing data at a first data storage speed, the second resistive memory cell field formed with a plurality of resistive memory cells storing data at a second data storage speed that is lower than the first data storage speed; and
a controller controlling data transfer between the plurality of resistive memory cell fields.
2. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein:
the first resistive memory cell field is volatile and serves as an inputoutput memory cell field; and
the second resistive memory cell field is non-volatile.
3. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of resistive memory cells of the first resistive memory cell field provide an endurance at least 100 times greater than that of the plurality of resistive memory cells of the second resistive memory cell field.
4. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of resistive memory cells of the first resistive memory cell field are programmed using a first programming current density, and the plurality of resistive memory cells of the second resistive memory cell field are programmed using a second programming current density, the second programming current density being higher than the first programming current density.
5. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of resistive memory cells of the second resistive memory cell field comprise a plurality of multilevel memory cells.
6. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of resistive memory cells of the first resistive memory cell field and the plurality of resistive memory cells of the second resistive memory cell field comprise the same type of resistive memory cells.
7. The memory system according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of resistive memory cells of the first resistive memory cell field and the plurality of resistive memory cells of the second resistive memory cell field comprise a plurality of reconfigurable conductive filament storage elements.
8. The memory system according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of reconfigurable conductive filament storage elements comprise a plurality of programmable metallization cells.
9. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the first resistive memory cell field is formed with an architecture different than that of the second resistive memory cell field.
10. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the first resistive memory cell field is formed with a transistor architecture and the second resistive memory cell field is formed with a diode architecture or a cross-point architecture.
11. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the controller operates the first resistive memory cell field with a different operational mode than the second resistive memory cell field.
12. The memory system according to claim 1, further comprising a silicon die, wherein the controller and the plurality of resistive memory cell fields are both integrated on the silicon die.
13. The memory system according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of silicon dies, wherein the controller and the plurality of resistive memory cell fields are integrated on different ones of the plurality of silicon dies.
14. The memory system according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of silicon dies, wherein the plurality of resistive memory cell fields are integrated on different ones of the plurality of silicon dies.
15. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the controller stores a unit of data in the first resistive memory cell field before storing the unit of data in the second resistive memory cell field.
16. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the controller, when reading a unit of data, copies the unit of data from the second resistive memory cell field back into the first resistive memory cell field.
17. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the controller copies a unit of data stored in the first resistive memory cell field into the second resistive memory cell field during at least one event selected from a group consisting of: a power loss, a system turn off, exceeding a predetermined filling value threshold for the first resistive memory cell field, and not using a predefined amount of data stored in the first resistive memory cell field for a predetermined amount of time.
18. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of resistive memory cell fields includes a third resistive memory cell field; and
the controller copies a plurality of units of data stored in the second resistive memory cell field into the third resistive memory cell field before copying a plurality of units of data from the first resistive memory cell field into the second resistive memory cell field.
19. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of resistive memory cell fields store a plurality of units of data associated with a plurality of data words, the plurality of data words at least indicating a number of access cycles since the plurality of units of data has been read or moved.
20. The memory system according to claim 19: wherein the plurality of data words indicate which of the plurality of units of data is permanently kept in the first resistive memory cell field while the first resistive memory cell field is supplied with power.
21. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein:
each resistive memory cell field of the plurality of resistive memory cell fields includes resistive multilevel memory cells storing a plurality of bits; and
except for a memory system IO resistive memory cell field of the plurality of resistive memory cell fields, each one of the plurality of memory cell fields stores a number of bits that is greater than the number of bits being stored of memory cells of a memory cell field arranged upstream with regard to the memory system IO resistive memory cell field.
22. The memory system according to claim 1, wherein one resistive memory cell field of the plurality of resistive memory cell fields comprises a memory system IO resistive memory cell field, the IO resistive memory cell field comprising volatile memory cells.
23. The memory system according to claim 1, further comprising:
an IO port formed with a data bus width; and
a data bus width converter circuit;
wherein each one of the plurality of resistive memory cell fields is formed with a data bus width;
wherein the data bus width converter circuit adapts a data size from the data bus width of at least one of the plurality of resistive memory cell fields being read to the data bus width of the IO port; and
wherein the controller controls data transfer between the plurality of resistive memory cell fields and the IO port.
24. The memory system according to claim 23, wherein the data bus width of each one of the plurality of resistive memory cell fields is dependent on a speed of the one of the plurality of resistive memory cell fields.
25. A method of operating a memory system, the method comprising:
storing data in a plurality of resistive memory cells of a first resistive memory cell field of the memory system, the plurality of resistive memory cells of the first resistive memory cell field storing data at a first data storage speed; and
storing data in a plurality of resistive memory cells of a second resistive memory cell field of the memory system, the plurality of resistive memory cells of the second resistive memory cell field storing data at a second data storage speed that is lower than the first data storage speed.
26. The method according to claim 25, further comprising:
operating the plurality of resistive memory cells of the first resistive memory cell field to obtain an endurance at least 100 times greater than that of the plurality of resistive memory cells of the second resistive memory cell field.
27. The method according to claim 25, further comprising:
programming the plurality of resistive memory cells of the first resistive memory cell field using a first programming current density;
programming the plurality of resistive memory cells of the second resistive memory cell field using a second programming current density;
the second programming current density being higher than the first programming current density.
28. The method according to claim 25, further comprising:
operating the plurality of resistive memory cells of the second resistive memory cell field as a plurality of multilevel memory cells.
29. The method according to claim 25, further comprising:
operating the first resistive memory cell field using an operational mode different than an operational mode of the second resistive memory cell field.
30. The method according to claim 25, further comprising:
storing data in the first resistive memory cell field and copying the data from the first resistive memory cell field into the second resistive memory cell field.
31. The method according to claim 25, further comprising reading the data such that when the data is read, the data is copied from the second resistive memory cell field back into the first resistive memory cell field.
32. The method according to claim 25, further comprising:
copying data stored in the first resistive memory cell field into the second resistive memory cell field during a predetermined event.
33. The method according to claim 25, further comprising:
copying data stored in the first resistive memory cell field into the second resistive memory cell field during at least one event selected from a group of events consisting of:
a power loss;
a system turn off;
exceeding a predetermined filling value threshold for the first resistive memory cell field; and
not using a predefined amount of data stored in the first resistive memory cell field for a predetermined amount of time.
34. The method according to claim 25, further comprising:
copying data stored in the second resistive memory cell field into a third resistive memory cell field of the memory system before transferring data from the first resistive memory cell field into the second resistive memory cell field.
35. The method according to claim 25, further comprising:
concurrently initiating a read access of more than one of the plurality of resistive memory cell fields.
36. A memory system, comprising:
a volatile resistive memory cell field formed with a plurality of resistive memory cells storing data at a first data storage speed;
a plurality of non-volatile resistive memory cell fields, each of the plurality of non-volatile resistive memory cell fields formed with a plurality of resistive memory cells storing data at a second data storage speed lower than the first data storage speed; and
a controller storing data in the volatile resistive memory cell field and copying the data from the volatile resistive memory cell field to a first one of the plurality of non-volatile resistive memory cell fields.
37. The memory system according to claim 36, wherein the controller copies the data from the first one of the plurality of non-volatile resistive memory cell fields to a second one of the plurality of non-volatile resistive memory cell fields.
38. The memory system according to claim 36, wherein the controller programs the plurality of resistive memory cells of the volatile resistive memory cell field differently than the plurality of resistive memory cells of each of the plurality of non-volatile resistive memory cell fields.
39. The memory system according to claim 36, wherein the controller programs the plurality of resistive memory cells of the volatile resistive memory cell field using a first programming current density and programs the plurality of resistive memory cells of each of the plurality of non-volatile resistive memory cell fields using a second programming current density, the second programming current density being higher than the first programming current density.
40. The memory system according to claim 36, wherein the plurality of resistive memory cells of at least some of the plurality of non-volatile resistive memory cell fields comprise a plurality of multilevel memory cells.
41. The memory system according to claim 36, wherein the volatile resistive memory cell field is formed with an architecture that is different than an architecture of at least some of the plurality of non-volatile resistive memory cell fields.
42. A method of operating a memory system, the method comprising:
storing data in a plurality of resistive memory cells of a volatile resistive memory cell field storing data at a first data storage speed; and
copying the data from the plurality of resistive memory cells of the volatile resistive memory cell field to a plurality of resistive memory cells of a non-volatile resistive memory cell field storing data at a second data storage speed that is lower than the first data storage speed.
43. The method according to claim 42, further comprising:
copying the data from the plurality of resistive memory cells of the non-volatile resistive memory cell field to a plurality of resistive memory cells of another non-volatile resistive memory cell field providing a storage density greater than a first storage density of the volatile resistive memory cell field and greater than a second storage density of the non-volatile resistive memory cell field.
44. A memory system, comprising:
a plurality of resistive memory cell fields including at least a first resistive memory cell field and a second resistive memory cell field, the first resistive memory cell field formed with a plurality of resistive memory cells storing data at a first data storage speed, the second resistive memory cell field formed with a plurality of resistive memory cells storing data at a second data storage speed that is lower than the first data storage speed; and
a controller controlling data transfer between the plurality of resistive memory cell fields;
wherein the plurality of resistive memory cells of the first resistive memory cell field are programmed using a first programming current density, and the plurality of resistive memory cells of the second resistive memory cell field are programmed using a second programming current density, the second programming current density being higher than the first programming current density.
45. A memory system, comprising:
a plurality of resistive memory cell fields including at least a first resistive memory cell field and a second resistive memory cell field, the first resistive memory cell field formed with a plurality of resistive memory cells storing data at a first data storage speed, the second resistive memory cell field formed with a plurality of resistive memory cells storing data at a second data storage speed that is lower than the first data storage speed, the first resistive memory cell field formed with an architecture different than that of the second resistive memory cell field; and
a controller controlling data transfer between the plurality of resistive memory cell fields.
46. A memory system, comprising:
a plurality of memory cell fields including at least a first memory cell field and a second memory cell field, the first memory cell field formed with a plurality of memory cells storing data at a first data storage speed, the second memory cell field formed with a plurality of memory cells storing data at a second data storage speed lower than the first data storage speed;
the memory cells of the first memory cell field and the memory cells of the second memory cell field being memory cells of the same memory cell type; and
a controller controlling data transfer between the plurality of memory cell fields.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An image processing apparatus comprising:
a central-portion extracting unit that extracts edges from an image area and extracts a plurality of central portions of areas each of which is sandwiched between the edges;
a classifying unit that groups the central portions by classifying adjacent central portions that have no edge therebetween into a single group; and
a determining unit that determines an area of finger, the area of finger being surrounded by the central portions classified into a group by the classifying unit and peripheral edges of the central portion, the area of finger being an area where a ratio of a luminance gradient in a short side direction to a luminance gradient in a long side direction is within a predetermined threshold.
2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the determining unit determines the area of finger in a rectangular area, the rectangular area being calculated based on the central portions classified into a group by the classifying unit and a pseudo skeleton obtained from peripheral edges of the central portions and values of distances from an edge of each point of the pseudo skeleton.
3. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the central-portion extracting unit extracts a central portion whose distance from the corresponding edge is less than a predetermined threshold out of the central portions of the areas each of which is sandwiched between the edges.
4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
the central-portion extracting unit obtains luminance gradients in a longitudinal direction and in a lateral direction with respect to a central portion of an area sandwiched between the edges, and extracts the central portion whose luminance gradients in the longitudinal direction and in the lateral direction are less than a predetermined threshold.
5. An image processing method executed by a computer, the method comprising:
extracting edges from an image area and extracting a plurality of central portions of areas each of which is sandwiched between the edges;
grouping the central portions by classifying adjacent central portions that have no edge therebetween into a single group; and
determining an area of finger, the area of finger being surrounded by the central portions classified into a group and peripheral edges of the central portion, the area of finger being an area where a ratio of a luminance gradient in a short side direction to a luminance gradient in a long side direction is within a predetermined threshold.
6. The image processing method according to claim 5, wherein
the determining determines the area of finger in a rectangular area, the rectangular area being calculated based on the central portions classified into a group and a pseudo skeleton obtained from peripheral edges of the central portions and values of distances from an edge of each point of the pseudo skeleton.
7. The image processing method according to claim 5, wherein
the extracting extracts a central portion whose distance from the corresponding edge is less than a predetermined threshold out of the central portions of the areas each of which is sandwiched between the edges.
8. The image processing method according to claim 5, wherein
the extracting obtains luminance gradients in a longitudinal direction and in a lateral direction with respect to a central portion of an area sandwiched between the edges, and extracts the central portion whose luminance gradients in the longitudinal direction and in the lateral direction are less than a predetermined threshold.
9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored therein an image processing program for causing a computer to execute a process comprising:
extracting edges from an image area and extracting a plurality of central portions of areas each of which is sandwiched between the edges;
grouping the central portions by classifying adjacent central portions that have no edge therebetween into a single group; and
determining an area of finger, the area of finger being surrounded by the central portions classified into a group and peripheral edges of the central portion, the area of finger being an area where a ratio of a luminance gradient in a short side direction to a luminance gradient in a long side direction is within a predetermined threshold.
10. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 9, wherein
the determining determines the area of finger in a rectangular area, the rectangular area being calculated based on the central portions classified into a group and a pseudo skeleton obtained from peripheral edges of the central portions and values of distances from an edge of each point of the pseudo skeleton.
11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 9, wherein
the extracting extracts a central portion whose distance from the corresponding edge is less than a predetermined threshold out of the central portions of the areas each of which is sandwiched between the edges.
12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to claim 9, wherein
the extracting obtains luminance gradients in a longitudinal direction and in a lateral direction with respect to a central portion of an area sandwiched between the edges, and extracts the central portion whose luminance gradients in the longitudinal direction and in the lateral direction are less than a predetermined threshold.
13. An image processing apparatus comprising:
a processor; and
a memory, wherein the processor executes:
extracting edges from an image area and extracting a plurality of central portions of areas each of which is sandwiched between the edges;
grouping the central portions by classifying adjacent central portions that have no edge therebetween into a single group; and
determining an area of finger, the area of finger being surrounded by the central portions classified into a group and peripheral edges of the central portion, the area of finger being an area where a ratio of a luminance gradient in a short side direction to a luminance gradient in a long side direction is within a predetermined threshold.