1. A device operating as user equipment (UE) in an LTE network, comprising:
an RF transceiver for providing an LTE air interface for communicating with a base station operating as an enhancedevolved Node B (eNB);
processing circuitry configured to attach to the eNB via component carriers configured as primary and secondary cells (PCells and SCells), wherein the secondary cell carrier does not include cell-specific reference signals (CRSs);
wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to receive channel state information reference signals (CSI reference signals) over the SCell carrier and, if the SCell carrier omits CRSs, further configured to use the CSI reference signals for time and frequency synchronization.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to receive the CSI reference signals mapped to specified resource elements every one, two, three, or four subframes for Type 1 frame structures and to receive the CSI reference signals mapped to specified resource elements every five subframes with subframe offsets selected from (0,3,4), (0,3) (0,4), or (3,4) for Type 2 frame structures.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to receive two CSI reference signals contained within specified subframes used by the eNB to transmit CSI reference signals.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
receive OFDM symbols with a normal cyclic prefix;
receive the CSI reference signals in subframes designated for carrying CSI reference signals with the CSI reference signals mapped to resource elements (k,l), where k and l are indices in the frequency and time domain, respectively, wherein:
k=k\u2032+m+0 for antenna ports p15 and p16,
k=k\u2032+m+\u22126 for antenna ports p17 and p18,
k=k\u2032+m+\u22121 for antenna ports p19 and p20,
k=k\u2032+m+\u22127 for antenna ports p21 and p22,
m=0, 1, . . . NRB\u22121, where NRB is the number of resource blocks in a downlink slot,
l=l\u2032+l\u2033,
2\u2033=0, 1; and,
receive CSI reference signals in a CSI configuration selected from the following:
1) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using eight antenna ports p15 through p22;
2) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(8,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(8,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18;
3) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(3,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16;
4) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(2,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16;
5) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using eight antenna ports p15 through p22;
6) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using eight antenna ports p15 through p22; or,
7) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(8,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(8,5) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to:
receive OFDM symbols with an extended cyclic prefix;
receive the CSI reference signals in subframes designated for carrying CSI reference signals with the CSI reference signals mapped to resource elements (k,l), where k and l are indices in the frequency and time domain, respectively, wherein:
k=k\u2032+m+0 for antenna ports p15 and p16,
k=k\u2032+m+\u22123 for antenna ports p17 and p18,
k=k\u2032+m+\u22126 for antenna ports p19 and p20,
k=k\u2032+m+\u22129 for antenna ports p21 and p22,
m=0, 1, . . . NRB\u22121, where NRB is the number of resource blocks in a downlink slot,
l=l\u2032+l\u2033,
l\u2033=0, 1; and,
receive CSI reference signals in a CSI configuration selected from the following:
1) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using eight antenna ports p15 through p22;
2) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(3,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(3,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18;
3) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(6,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16;
4) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(0,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16;
5) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using eight antenna ports p15 through p22;
6) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using eight antenna ports p15 through p22; or,
7) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(3,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(3,4) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18.
6. The device of claim 4 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to receive the CSI reference signals mapped to specified resource elements every one, two, three, or four subframes for Type 1 frame structures and to receive the CSI reference signals mapped to specified resource elements every five subframes with subframe offsets selected from (0,3,4), (0,3) (0,4), or (3,4) for Type 2 frame structures.
7. The device of claim 5 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to receive the CSI reference signals mapped to specified resource elements every one, two, three, or four subframes for Type 1 frame structures and to receive the CSI reference signals mapped to specified resource elements every five subframes with subframe offsets selected from (0,3,4), (0,3) (0,4), or (3,4) for Type 2 frame structures.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to estimate a timing offset by measuring the phase shift of CSI reference signals across different subcarrier frequencies and configured to estimate a frequency offset by measuring the phase shift of CSI reference signals at different times.
9. The device of claim 8 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to average the measured phase shift of CSI reference signals across different subcarrier frequencies at different times in order to estimate the timing offset and configured to average the measured phase shift of CSI reference signals at different times across different subcarrier frequencies to estimate the frequency offset.
10. A device operating as user equipment (UE) in an LTE network, comprising:
an RF transceiver for providing an LTE air interface for communicating with a base station operating as an enhancedevolved Node B (eNB);
processing circuitry configured to attach to the eNB via a component carriers configured as primary and secondary cells (PCells and SCells), wherein the secondary cell carrier does not include cell-specific reference signals (CRSs);
wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to receive UE-specific reference signals (UERSs) over the SCell carrier in an enhanced physical downlink control channel (ePDCCH) and further configured to use the UERSs for time and frequency synchronization; and,
wherein the processing circuitry is configured to receive a specified number of resource blocks reserved in each slot of each subframe for the ePDCCH where UERSs are always transmitted.
11. The device of claim 10 wherein the UE is configured to receive the UERS transmitted in each of the specified resource blocks with predefined precoding that is constant across the subframe but changes from resource block to resource block in the frequency domain.
12. The device of claim 10 wherein the UE is configured to receive the UERS transmitted in each of the specified resource blocks with predefined precoding that alternates with each successive resource block in the time domain.
13. The device of claim 10 wherein the processing circuitry is configured to estimate a timing offset by measuring the phase shift of UERSs across different subcarrier frequencies and configured to estimate a frequency offset by measuring the phase shift of UERSs at different times.
14. A method for operating an enhancedevolved Node B (eNB) in an LTE network, comprising:
attaching to UEs via component carriers configured as primary and secondary cells (PCells and SCells), wherein the secondary cell carrier does not include cell-specific reference signals (CRSs);
transmitting channel state information reference signals (CSI reference signals) over the SCell carrier for use by the UE in performing time and frequency synchronization.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the CSI reference signals are mapped to specified resource elements every one, two, three, or four subframes for Type 1 frame structures and mapped to specified resource elements every five subframes with subframe offsets selected from (0,3,4), (0,3) (0,4), or (3,4) for Type 2 frame structures.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein two CSI reference signals are contained within specified subframes used to transmit CSI reference signals.
17. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
transmitting OFDM symbols with a normal cyclic prefix;
transmitting the CSI reference signals in subframes designated for carrying CSI reference signals with the CSI reference signals mapped to resource elements (k,l), where k and l are indices in the frequency and time domain, respectively, wherein:
k=k\u2032+m+0 for antenna ports p15 and p16,
k=k\u2032+m+\u22126 for antenna ports p17 and p18,
k=k\u2032+m+\u22121 for antenna ports p19 and p20,
k=k\u2032+m+\u22127 for antenna ports p21 and p22,
m=0, 1, . . . NRB\u22121, where NRB is the number of resource blocks in a downlink slot,
l=l\u2032+l\u2033,
l\u2033=0, 1; and,
transmitting CSI reference signals in a CSI configuration selected from the following:
1) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using eight antenna ports p15 through p22;
2) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(8,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(8,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18;
3) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(3,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16;
4) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(2,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16;
5) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using eight antenna ports p15 through p22;
6) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,5) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using eight antenna ports p15 through p22; or,
7) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(8,5) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(8,5) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18.
18. The method of claim 14 further comprising:
transmitting OFDM symbols with an extended cyclic prefix;
transmitting the CSI reference signals in subframes designated for carrying CSI reference signals with the CSI reference signals mapped to resource elements (k,l), where k and l are indices in the frequency and time domain, respectively, wherein:
k=k\u2032+m+0 for antenna ports p15 and p16,
k=k\u2032+m+\u22123 for antenna ports p17 and p18,
k=k\u2032+m+\u22126 for antenna ports p19 and p20,
k=k\u2032+m+\u22129 for antenna ports p21 and p22,
m=0, 1, . . . NRB\u22121, where NRB is the number of resource blocks in a downlink slot,
l=l\u2032+l\u2033,
l\u2033=0, 1; and,
transmitting CSI reference signals in a CSI configuration selected from the following:
1) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using eight antenna ports p15 through p22;
2) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(3,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(3,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18;
3) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(6,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16;
4) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(0,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16;
5) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using eight antenna ports p15 through p22;
6) (k\u2032,l\u2032) =(9,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(9,4) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using eight antenna ports p15 through p22; or,
7) (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(3,4) in each slot of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using two antenna ports p15 and p16, and (k\u2032,l\u2032)=(3,4) in the first slot only of a subframe designated to carry CSI reference signals using four antenna ports p15 through p18.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the CSI reference signals are mapped to specified resource elements every one, two, three, or four subframes for Type 1 frame structures and mapped to specified resource elements every five subframes with subframe offsets selected from (0,3,4), (0,3) (0,4), or (3,4) for Type 2 frame structures.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein the CSI reference signals are mapped to specified resource elements every one, two, three, or four subframes for Type 1 frame structures and mapped to specified resource elements every five subframes with subframe offsets selected from (0,3,4), (0,3) (0,4), or (3,4) for Type 2 frame structures.
21. A method for operating an enhancedevolved Node B (eNB) in an LTE network, comprising:
attaching to UEs via component carriers configured as primary and secondary cells (PCells and SCells), wherein the secondary cell carrier does not include cell-specific reference signals (CRSs);
transmitting UE-specific reference signals (UERSs) over the SCell carrier in an enhanced physical downlink control channel (ePDCCH) for use by the UE in performing time and frequency synchronization; and,
transmitting a specified number of resource blocks reserved in each slot of each subframe for the ePDCCH where UERSs are always transmitted.
22. The method of claim 21 further comprising transmitting the UERS in each of the specified resource blocks with predefined precoding that is constant across the subframe but changes from resource block to resource block in the frequency domain.
23. The method of claim 21 further comprising transmitting the UERS in each of the specified resource blocks with predefined precoding that alternates with each successive resource block in the time domain.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A circuit board, comprising:
a first board portion and a second board portion each including insulating layers made of a flexible material;
an antenna coil including coil conductors provided on the insulating layers in the first board portion;
wiring conductors provided on the insulating layers in the second board portion and electrically connected to the antenna coil; and
a magnetic substance layer; wherein
the first board portion and the second board portion are arranged so as to include regions that face each other; and
the magnetic substance layer is provided with the first board portion and is located between the coil conductors of the first board portion and the wiring conductors of the second board portion.
2. The circuit board according to claim 1, wherein a board body, which includes the first board portion and the second board portion, is bent such that the first board portion and the second board portion include the regions facing each other.
3. The circuit board according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic substance layer has an area size that is larger than an area size of the first board portion in plan view.
4. The circuit board according to claim 1, wherein electronic components electrically connected to the wiring conductors are mounted on a principal surface of the second board portion, which is opposite to the region of the second board portion that faces the region of the first board portion.