1. A data storage system comprising:
a chassis having a plurality of component blade slots therein;
a first Central Processing Unit (CPU) blade mounted in one of the plurality of component blade slots;
a CPU blade running NAS for file-based access and or SAN storage protocol for block-based access;
first and second solid-state non-volatile memory blades mounted in others of the plurality of component blade slots;
CPU blade performing global wear leveling and or bad block marking, within the flash blades and across flash blades which leads to increased endurance of the flash array;
DRAM to combine multiple small writes into a larger write operation, to prevent wear out of flash media due to excessive writes, which will lead to increased endurance of the flash array;
a first crossbar switch located in the chassis and coupled to each of the mounted blades and at least one network port to allow data communication between each of the mounted blades and the at least one network port, such that the first and second solid-state non-volatile memory blades store read and write file data accessible through the at least one network port, under control of at least one storage protocols\u2014NAS and or SAN, running on a processor on the first CPU blade.
2. The data storage system of claim 1, further comprising a second CPU blade mounted in another of the plurality of blade slots, the second CPU blade having a processor running at least one storage protocols NAS and or SAN, to allow access through the at least one network port to the read and write file data stored on the first and second solid-state non-volatile memory blades;
support of plurality and different type of modular network adapters, PCI Express, Infiniband, Ethernet, Fiber Channel connected to the non-blocking fabric;
Each CPU blade can be assigned different storage protocols NAS and or SAN.
3. The data storage system of claim 2, wherein any of the component blade slots can accept a CPU blade or a solid-state non-volatile memory blade.
4. The data storage system of claim 1, the first and second switch fabric blades communicating across the backplane interconnect paths with the first CPU card and with the first and second non-volatile memory blades using a Peripheral Component Interconnect-Express (PCI-E) packets, the first and second crossbar packets using information in the PCI-E packets to switch the PCI-E packets;
blades on the chassis can have different PCI-E lane widths, to support different adapters;
PCI-E switch can be replaced with Ethernet, Infiniband or proprietary switch design.
5. The data storage system of claim 4, wherein each of the first and second non-volatile memory blades comprise a PCI-E non-transparent bridge function in the path to the first and second switch fabric blades;
PCI-E switches, host adapters, and or flash blades can support multi-root inputoutput virtualization, wherein each CPU blade is assigned its own device address range and configuration register space on each flash blade.
6. The data storage system of claim 1, further comprising a stacking port allowing connection of the data storage system to a plurality of data storage systems coupled to an external interconnect chassis;
Electrically connected to the plurality of chassis coupled to the external interconnect chassis that is implemented using Ethernet or Infiniband or PCI-E;
each fabric blade can have a plurality of external stacking ports;
interconnection of the plurality of the flash data storage system coupled to the external interconnect chassis, allows sharing of flash blade resources between multiple chassis;
host adapters in a fabric blade or CPU blade can accept an adapter containing a second PCI-E switch allowing high-speed connection at a higher bridge layer between the chassis;
any CPU blade can write or read file data on a different chassis flash blade coupled to the external interconnect chassis.
7. The data storage system of claim 1, further comprising a temporary power supply that allows each solid-state non-volatile memory blade to complete any pending write tasks prior to shutdown;
temporary power supply to provide normal operation for some time period in the event of a power failure;
data storage system providing N+1 redundancy using power supplies.
8. The data storage system of claim 7, each solid-state non-volatile memory blade aggregating write data, when possible, into block writes matching a block size of a solid-state non-volatile memory device mounted on that memory blade.
9. The data storage system of claim 1, each solid-state non-volatile memory blade hosting a plurality of solid-state non-volatile memory device modules and tracking wear statistics for the hosted memory device modules, the tracked wear statistics available to the first CPU blade.
10. The data storage system of claim 9, the first CPU blade having a wear-leveling function to determine the movement of file data between the first and second solid-state non-volatile memory blades according to tracked wear statistics obtained from the memory blades.
11. The data storage system of claim 10, each solid-state non-volatile memory blade having a file move function to effect a transfer of file data to a different memory blade according to a command issued by the first CPU blade.
12. A data storage blade device comprising:
a blade carder having a plurality of backplane connectors for insertion in a backplane of a blade chassis;
a plurality of pluggable memory module slots, each capable of receiving a solid-state non-volatile memory module;
at least one backplane communication interface coupled to connectors in the plurality of backplane connectors, the backplane communication interface allowing the data storage blade device to appear as a local data storage component to a host CPU reachable through the backplane of the blade chassis; a local CPU to receive, over the at least one backplane communication interface, commands from the host CPU to write and read file data respectively to and from memory modules mounted in the pluggable memory module slots, and respond to the commands with data exchanges between at least one of the memory modules and the at least one backplane communication interface; and
a wear tracking function to track wear statistics indicative of the number of writes performed to each block of each memory module, the wear statistics available to the host CPU through the backplane communication interface, to do global wear leveling which maximizes the endurance of the non-volatile solid state memory.
13. The data storage blade device of claim 12, further comprising a buffer memory, the local CPU implementing a write cache that, when possible, aggregates write data until sufficient write data is received to fill a block of a memory module.
14. The data storage blade device of claim 13, further comprising a temporary power source sufficient to allow the local CPU to complete writes from the write cache to the non-volatile solid state memory modules upon interruption of an external power supply to the blade device.
15. The data storage blade device of claim 12, wherein the at least one backplane communication interface comprising a PCI-E non-transparent bridge.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for controlling regeneration within an after-treatment component of an engine, comprising:
receiving an upstream temperature signal representing a temperature of an exhaust stream upstream from the after-treatment component;
comparing the upstream temperature to a predetermined temperature threshold to determine whether the upstream temperature is less than or greater than the predetermined temperature threshold;
if the upstream temperature is less than the predetermined temperature threshold, calculating an estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component using a primary soot accumulation model, and if the upstream temperature is greater than the predetermined temperature threshold, calculating an estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component using a secondary soot accumulation model;
comparing the estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component to a predetermined threshold associated with the after-treatment component; and
initiating a remedial action when the estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component exceeds the predetermined threshold;
wherein the primary soot accumulation model is configured to produce an estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component based on a first input parameter;
wherein the secondary soot accumulation model is configured to produce an estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component based on a second input parameter; and
wherein the first input parameter differs from the second input parameter.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary soot accumulation model is based on a pressure decrease index indicative of a decrease in pressure of an exhaust stream as it passes through the after-treatment component.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary soot accumulation model is based on a flow rate index indicative of a rate of flow of the exhaust stream.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary soot accumulation model is based on a relationship between a pressure decrease index indicative of a decrease in pressure of an exhaust stream as it passes through the after-treatment component and a flow rate index indicative of a rate of flow of the exhaust stream.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the secondary soot accumulation model is based on a soot rate map developed using an engine-out condition.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the pressure decrease index represents a pressure ratio across the after-treatment component.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the flow rate index is based on a speed of the engine.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein initiating a remedial action comprises adjusting one or more engine control parameters so as to modify operation of the engine to promote passive regeneration in the after-treatment component.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein said adjusting is configured to provide a minimum temperature at the after-treatment component to promote regeneration in the after-treatment component.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein said adjusting comprises modifying fueling and timing of the engine.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein said remedial action comprises activating an auxiliary heating element to increase a temperature of the exhaust stream.
12. The method of claim 8, wherein the remedial action comprises activating a warning light instructing an operator to initiate regeneration in the after-treatment component.
13. A system for controlling regeneration within an after-treatment component of an engine comprising:
a regeneration controller having a processor coupled to a memory storage device, the regeneration controller being configured to:
receive an upstream temperature signal representing a temperature of an exhaust stream upstream from the after-treatment component;
compare the upstream temperature to a predetermined temperature threshold to determine whether the upstream temperature is less than or greater than the predetermined temperature threshold;
calculate an estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component using a primary soot accumulation model if the upstream temperature is less than the predetermined temperature threshold;
calculate an estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component using a secondary soot accumulation model if the upstream temperature is greater than the predetermined temperature threshold;
compare the estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component to a predetermined threshold associated with the after-treatment component; and
initiate a remedial action when the estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component exceeds the predetermined threshold;
wherein the primary soot accumulation model is configured to produce an estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component based on a first input parameter;
wherein the secondary soot accumulation model is configured to produce an estimate of accumulated particulate matter in the after-treatment component based on a second input parameter; and
wherein the first input parameter differs from the second input parameter.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the primary soot accumulation model is based on a pressure decrease index indicative of a decrease in pressure of an exhaust stream as it passes through the after-treatment component.
15. The system of claim 13, wherein the primary soot accumulation model is based on a flow rate index indicative of a rate of flow of the exhaust stream.
16. The system of claim 13, wherein the primary soot accumulation model is based on a relationship between a pressure decrease index indicative of a decrease in pressure of an exhaust stream as it passes through the after-treatment component and a flow rate index indicative of a rate of flow of the exhaust stream.
17. The system of claim 13, wherein the secondary soot accumulation model is based on a soot rate map developed using an engine-out condition.
18. The system of claim 14, wherein the pressure decrease index represents a pressure ratio across the after-treatment component.
19. The system of claim 15, wherein the flow rate index is based on a speed of the engine.
20. The system of claim 13, wherein initiating a remedial action comprises adjusting one or more engine control parameters so as to modify operation of the engine to promote passive regeneration in the after-treatment component.