1. An integrated process for the production of acetic acid and vinyl acetate comprising the steps:
(a) producing in a first reaction zone a first product stream comprising acetic acid;
(b) contacting in a second reaction zone an acetic acid reaction stream comprised of at least a portion of the acetic acid from the first product stream with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst to produce a second product stream comprising vinyl acetate monomer;
(c) directing at least a portion of the second product stream to a purification section to purify at least a portion of the vinyl acetate in the second product stream; and
(d) removing heat from at least a portion of the first product stream and providing at least a portion of the heat removed from the first product stream to at least one of the acetic acid reaction stream and the purification section for purifying the vinyl acetate.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the first product stream is produced by contacting in the first reaction zone a gaseous feedstock comprising a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of ethylene, ethane, and mixtures thereof with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the first product stream is produced by carbonylation of an alkyl alcohol with carbon monoxide in a liquid reaction medium in the first reaction zone.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the heat removed from at least a portion of the first product stream is transferred to a steam condensate stream which is used to provide heat to at least one of the acetic acid reaction stream and the purification section for purifying the vinyl acetate.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein the steam condensate stream is directed to a flash vessel maintained at a temperature of about 150\xb0 C. to about 160\xb0 C.
6. The process of claim 5 wherein the flash vessel is maintained at a pressure of 5 about 4.0 kgcm2 to about 5.3 kgcm2.
7. The process of claim 4 wherein heat is transferred from the steam condensate to a vinyl acetate azeotrope column feed stream.
8. The process of claim 4 wherein heat is transferred from the steam condensate to a reboil stream of a light ends column in the purification section for purifying the vinyl acetate.
9. The process of claim 4 wherein heat is transferred from the steam condensate to a reboil stream used in conjunction with a finishing column in the purification section for purifying the vinyl acetate.
10. The process of claim 4 wherein heat is transferred from the steam condensate the acetic acid reaction stream.
11. The process of claim 4 wherein heat is transferred from the steam condensate to a reboil stream of a light ends column in the purification section for purifying the vinyl acetate and to a reboil stream used in conjunction with a finishing column in the purification section for purifying the vinyl acetate.
12. An integrated system for producing acetic acid and vinyl acetate comprising:
(a) means for producing acetic acid though a reaction generating heat;
(b) means for purifying acetic acid produced in the means for producing acetic acid;
(c) means for producing vinyl acetate from at least a portion of the acetic acid produced in the means for producing acetic acid;
(d) means for purifying vinyl acetate produced in the means for producing vinyl acetate; and
(e) means for transferring at least a portion of the heat generated in the production of acetic acid in the means for producing acetic acid to at least one of the means for producing vinyl acetate and the means for purifying vinyl acetate.
13. An integrated system for producing acetic acid and vinyl acetate comprising:
(a) a first reactor for producing acetic acid though a reaction generating heat;
(b) a first purification section for purifying acetic acid produced in the first reactor;
(c) a second reactor for producing vinyl acetate from at least a portion of the acetic acid produced in the first reactor;
(d) a second purification section for purifying vinyl acetate produced in the second reactor; and
(e) heat exchange equipment for transferring at least a portion of the heat generated in the production of acetic acid in the first reactor to at least one of the second reactor and the second purification section.
14. The integrated system of claim 13 wherein the first reactor has a reaction zone for reacting gaseous feedstock comprising a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of ethylene, ethane, and mixtures thereof with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst.
15. The integrated system of claim 14 wherein the first reactor has a reaction zone for carbonylation of an alkyl alcohol with carbon monoxide in a liquid reaction medium.
16. The integrated system of claim 15 comprising a heat exchanger for transferring heat from a product produced in the first reactor to a steam condensate stream.
17. The integrated system of claim 16 comprising heat exchange equipment for transferring heat from the steam condensate stream to a vinyl acetate azeotrope column feed stream.
18. The integrated system of claim 16 comprising heat exchange equipment for transferring heat from the steam condensate stream to a reboil stream of a light ends column in the purification section for purifying the vinyl acetate.
19. The integrated system of claim 16 comprising heat exchange equipment for transferring heat from the steam condensate stream to a reboil stream used in conjunction with a finishing column in the purification section for purifying the vinyl acetate.
20. The integrated system of claim 16 comprising heat exchange equipment for transferring heat from the steam condensate stream to at least a portion of the acetic acid used to produce vinyl acetate.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A filter comprising:
a series piezoelectric resonator part including at least one series piezoelectric resonator having electrodes, the series piezoelectric resonator being connected in series between an input terminal of the filter and an output terminal of the filter;
a parallel piezoelectric resonator part including at least two parallel piezoelectric resonators each having a first electrode and a second electrode, the parallel piezoelectric resonators being connected, via the first electrodes, in parallel to the series piezoelectric resonator and in a ladder configuration;
an inductor part including inductors having electrodes, the inductors being provided to at least two of the parallel piezoelectric resonators, respectively, the inductors each connecting between a ground and the second electrode of the respective parallel piezoelectric resonator; and
an additional piezoelectric resonator part including at least one additional piezoelectric resonator having a first electrode and a second electrode, the first and second electrodes being respectively connected to the second electrodes of any two of the parallel piezoelectric resonators having the inductors connected thereto.
2. The filter according to claim 1, wherein
the series piezoelectric resonator part includes a series piezoelectric resonator having a first electrode and a second electrode, and being connected in series between the input and output terminals,
the parallel piezoelectric resonator part includes:
a first parallel piezoelectric resonator having a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being connected to the first electrode of the series piezoelectric resonator; and
a second parallel piezoelectric resonator having a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being connected to the second electrode of the series piezoelectric resonator,
the inductor part includes:
a first inductor connected between the second electrode of the first parallel piezoelectric resonator and the ground; and
a second inductor connected between the second electrode of the second parallel piezoelectric resonator and the ground, and
the additional piezoelectric resonator part includes an additional piezoelectric resonator connected between the second electrode of the first parallel piezoelectric resonator and the second electrode of the second parallel piezoelectric resonator.
3. The filter according to claim 2, wherein the number of the series piezoelectric resonators is equal to the number of the additional piezoelectric resonators.
4. The filter according to claim 1, wherein
the series piezoelectric resonator part includes a first series piezoelectric resonator and a second series piezoelectric resonator which are connected in series between the input and output terminals, \u2014the first and second series piezoelectric resonators each having a first electrode and a second electrode,
the parallel piezoelectric resonator part includes:
a first parallel piezoelectric resonator having a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being connected to the first electrode of the first series piezoelectric resonator;
a second parallel piezoelectric resonator having a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being connected between the second electrode of the first series piezoelectric resonator and the first electrode of the second series piezoelectric resonator;
a third parallel piezoelectric resonator having a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being connected to the second electrode of the second series piezoelectric resonator,
the inductor part includes:
a first inductor connected between the second electrode of the first parallel piezoelectric resonator and the ground; and
a second inductor connected between the second electrode of the third parallel piezoelectric resonator and the ground, and
the additional piezoelectric resonator part includes an additional piezoelectric resonator connected between the second electrode of the first parallel piezoelectric resonator and the second electrode of the third parallel piezoelectric resonator.
5. The filter according to claim 4, further comprising a plurality of the first and second series piezoelectric resonators and a plurality of the additional piezoelectric resonator, wherein the plurality of first and second series piezoelectric resonators and the plurality of additional piezoelectric resonators are all provided in odd numbers or all provided in even numbers.
6. The filter according to claim 1, wherein
the series piezoelectric resonator part includes a first series piezoelectric resonator, a second series piezoelectric resonator and a third series piezoelectric resonator which are connected in series between the input and output terminals, the first, second and third series piezoelectric resonators each having a first electrode and a second electrode,
the parallel piezoelectric resonator part includes:
a first parallel piezoelectric resonator having a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being connected to the first electrode of the first series piezoelectric resonator;
a second parallel piezoelectric resonator having a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being connected between the second electrode of the first series piezoelectric resonator and the first electrode of the second series piezoelectric resonator;
a third parallel piezoelectric resonator having a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being connected between the second electrode of the second series piezoelectric resonator and the first electrode of the third series piezoelectric resonator; and
a fourth parallel piezoelectric resonator having a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode being connected to the second electrode of the third series piezoelectric resonator,
the inductor part includes:
a first inductor connected between the second electrode of the first parallel piezoelectric resonator and the ground;
a second inductor connected between the second electrode of the second parallel piezoelectric resonator and the ground;
a third inductor connected between the second electrode of the third parallel piezoelectric resonator and the ground; and
a fourth inductor connected between the second electrode of the fourth parallel piezoelectric resonator and the ground, and
the additional piezoelectric resonator part includes:
a first additional piezoelectric resonator connected between the second electrode of the first parallel piezoelectric resonator and the second electrode of the n-th parallel piezoelectric resonator, where n is one of the numbers 2, 3 and 4; and
a second additional piezoelectric resonator connected between the second electrodes of any two of the parallel piezoelectric resonators other than the first and n-th parallel piezoelectric resonators.
7. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the series piezoelectric resonator, the parallel piezoelectric resonators, and the additional piezoelectric resonator are thin-film acoustic wave resonators.
8. The filter according to claim 7, wherein the thin-film acoustic wave resonators each include: an upper electrode; a lower electrode; a piezoelectric material layer sandwiched between the upper and lower electrodes; and a cavity provided under the lower electrode.
9. The filter according to claim 7, wherein the thin-film acoustic wave resonators each include: an upper electrode; a lower electrode; a piezoelectric material layer sandwiched between the upper and lower electrodes; and an acoustic multilayer film provided under the lower electrode, the acoustic multilayer film comprising a low impedance layer and a high impedance layer alternately stacked.
10. The filter according to claim 8, wherein connections between the electrodes of the series piezoelectric resonator, the parallel piezoelectric resonators, and the additional piezoelectric resonator and electrodes of their respective adjacent piezoelectric resonators in an equivalent circuit are located in a same wiring layer.
11. The filter according to claim 9, wherein connections between the electrodes of the series piezoelectric resonator, the parallel piezoelectric resonators, and the additional piezoelectric resonator and electrodes of their respective adjacent piezoelectric resonators in an equivalent circuit are located in a same wiring layer.
12. The filter according to claim 1, wherein the series piezoelectric resonator, the parallel piezoelectric resonators, and the additional piezoelectric resonator are surface acoustic wave resonators.
13. The filter according to claim 12, wherein the surface acoustic wave resonators each include: a piezoelectric substrate; an interdigital transducer electrode; and a reflector electrode, wherein the interdigital transducer electrode and the reflector electrode are located on the piezoelectric substrate so as to be close to each other with respect to a propagation direction.