1. A torque measuring device for a rotating body, comprising:
a rotary section composed of a first flange to be joined to a driving shaft powered, a second flange to be joined to a driven shaft loaded, and a hollow cylinder having the first and second flanges formed respectively on both edges thereof;
a plurality of light emitting elements provided at an outer circumference of the rotary section and functioning to emit light according to an output from torque detectors provided at an inner circumference of the hollow cylinder thereby generating an optical signal;
a light receiving fiber to receive the optical signal from the light emitting elements;
a plurality of optical-electrical signal converters provided so as to face both end surfaces of the light receiving fiber, and functioning to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal; and
a malfunction detector to detect malfunction of the light receiving fiber according to the electrical signal outputted from the optical-electrical signal converters.
2. A torque measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the malfunction detector compares a direct current value converted from an RMS value of the electrical signal from the optical-electrical signal converters with a predetermined reference value.
3. A torque measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the malfunction detector compares, in a sequential manner, a direct current value converted from an RMS value of the electrical signal from the optical-electrical signal converters with a plurality of predetermined reference values differing from one another.
4. A torque measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the light receiving fiber receives the optical signal from the light emitting elements thorough a transparent plate and has its both end portions bent at a right angle.
5. A torque measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the malfunction detector is connected to at least one of a warning light, warning buzzer and voice-warning device.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Formulations for hemp concretes and mortars of the type which comprise the conventional components of mortars and concretes, one of which is a binder, characterized in that such formulations comprise components of hemp, in that the binder is made up in whole or in part of rich lime, and in that such formulations also comprise
(a) at least one additive for formation of very fine pores and capillaries making up a microcapillary system array which comprises open andor closed tubular capillaries, as well as closed microspaces andor closed microcavities and closed tubes suitable in arrangement and in proportion and distribution for ensuring that the matrix water can be evacuated to the surface on setting and then drying, while, after drying, external water (rain) is not capable of penetrating this network of capillaries,
and
(b) at least one matrix water repellency additive.
matrix water repellency here signifying that the mass which encloses the fibers and particles, granulates, of hemp is subjected to the water repellent action of the additive.
2. Formulations as specified in claim 1, wherein the additive (a) for formation of the microcapillary system comprises one or more plant andor mineral colloids.
3. Formulations as specified in claim 1 or 2, wherein the additive for formation of the microcapillary system is capable of controlling a capillarity of the order of 5 to 15 ngstrms, preferably 8 to 10 ngstrms.
4. Formulations as specified in either of claims 2 or 3, wherein such additive for formation of the microcapillary system comprises closed tubes andor masses andor spaces andor microbubbles andor microcavities, closed tubes in particular.
5. Formulations as specified in any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the plant colloids selected are such colloids as alginates andor polysaccharides and derivatives of natural or synthetic starches andor carragheenates.
6. Formulations as specified in claim 5, wherein such colloids are colloids of hydroxypropyl guar (polysaccharide family).
7. Formulations as specified in claim 5, wherein such colloids are carragheenates and calcium alginate.
8. Formulations as specified in any of claims 2 to 7, wherein the additives selected for formation of the microcapillary system are among the following:
etherified galactomannan and
etherified derivatives of guars
singly or in mixtures.
9. Formulations as specified in claim 1, wherein such water repellency additive (b) comprises at least one water repellent agent and one surfactant agent.
10. Formulations as specified in claim 9, wherein use is made of a surfactant for a neutral medium andor a surfactant for an acid medium andor mixtures of such surfactants.
11. Formulations as specified in claim 9, wherein the surfactant or surfactants selected isare among the polysulfonates of calcium, sodium, or magnesium, and the lignosulfonates.
12. Formulations as specified in claim 9, wherein another surfactant or other surfactants selected isare among the sodium sulfates.
13. Formulations as specified in any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the water repellent agents selected are among the metallic soaps, the maleates, oleates, and stearates of aluminum, of magnesium, of sodium, of lithium, andor the siliconates of sodium,
either singly or in mixtures.
14. Formulations as specified in claim 13, wherein the water repellent agent or agents selected isare among the oleates of sodium.
15. Formulations as specified in any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the additives or agents are employed in the following proportions:
(a) additive for formation of the microcapillary system
0.01% to 2% of the total weight of the binder
(b) water repellency additive:
0.1% to 1% of the total weight of the binder
(c) surfactant:
0.002% to 0.2% of the total weight of the binder.
16. A new industrial product, characterized in that such product consists of mortars and concretes having a hemp binder component comprising rich lime, characterized in that such product comprises
(a) at least one additive for formation of very fine pores and capillaries termed a microcapillary system.
and
(b) at least one water repellency additive,
and
in that the setting, mechanical characteristics, and drying are not uncertain properties.
17. A new industrial product as specified in claim 16, wherein such product includes in its mass a microcapillary system which comprises closed tubes andor masses andor spaces andor microbubbles andor microcavities, in particular closed tubes, capable, the closed tubes in particular (optionally combined with open microcapillaries), of extracting previously absorbed water contained in the hemp and of enabling it to migrate toward the surface in the form progressively of liquid water and of water vapor which is ultimately diffused to the exterior to the point of drying.
18. A new industrial product as specified in claim 16 or 17, wherein the water repellent matrix of such product renders the dry hemp component fibers water-repellent, thereby preventing reabsorption of water by the hemp component.
19. A new industrial product as specified in any of claims 16 to 18, wherein the global (or residual) thermal conductivity coefficient lambda of such product is of the order of 0.08 to 0.12, preferably around 0.1.
20. Applications of the formulations specified in any of claims 1 to 15 and of the new industrial products as specified in any of claims 16 to 19 for formation of hemp concretes and mortars, bricks, blocks, perpends, wall elements, slabs, linings, covers, and coatings of floors, ceilings, walls, partitions, products for BTP (Construction and Public Works), or individual structures.