1. A method of manufacturing a microlens substrate, the microlens substrate being provided with a plurality of microlenses, the method comprising the steps of:
preparing a substrate with concave portions having two major surfaces, each of the plurality of concave portions having a shape corresponding to that of each of the plurality of microlenses being formed on one of the two major surfaces of the substrate with concave portions;
preparing a base material substrate mainly formed of a resin material, the base material substrate having two major surfaces; and
pressure-joining the substrate with concave portions to the base material substrate in a heating state,
wherein in the pressure-joining step, the substrate with concave portions is joined to the base material substrate so that the plurality of concave portions are filled with the resin material of the base material substrate which has been melted by the heat.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the absolute value of the difference between an index of refraction of the constituent material of the substrate with concave portions and an index of refraction of the resin material is 0.10 or more.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure-joining step is carried out under reduced pressure.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of:
prior to the pressure-joining step, subjecting the one major surface of the substrate with concave portions on which the plurality of concave portions are formed to surface treatment for improving adhesion to the resin material.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the case where the thickness of the base material substrate prior to the pressure-joining step is defined as T1 (mm) and the thickness from a flat portion of the substrate with concave portions at which the base material substrate is joined to the substrate with concave portions to one major surface of the base material substrate at which the base material substrate is not joined to the substrate with concave portions is defined as T2 (mm), then T1 and T2 satisfy the relation: 0.5\u2266T2T1\u22660.95.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resin material is a thermoplastic resin material.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure-joining step is carried out at a temperature higher than a glass transformation point of the resin material.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the glass transformation point of the resin material is 100\xb0 C. or higher.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base material substrate is formed of a thermosetting resin material in a state where all monomers constituting the thermosetting resin material have not reacted so that the thermosetting resin material is not completely hardened.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the base material substrate contains a solvent for dissolving the monomers constituting the thermosetting resin material, and the amount of the solvent contained in the base material substrate is in the range of 1 to 30%.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein in the pressure-joining step the solvent is removed.
12. A microlens substrate manufactured using the method defined by claim 1.
13. An opposed substrate for a liquid crystal panel comprising the microlens substrate defined by claim 12.
14. A liquid crystal panel comprising the opposed substrate for a liquid crystal panel defined by claim 13.
15. A liquid crystal panel, comprising:
a liquid crystal driving substrate provided with a large number of pixel electrodes;
the opposed substrate for a liquid crystal panel defined by claim 13, the opposed substrate for a liquid crystal panel being joined to the liquid crystal driving substrate so as to form a gap between the liquid crystal driving substrate and the opposed substrate for a liquid crystal panel; and
liquid crystal filled in the gap.
16. The liquid crystal panel as claimed in claim 15, where in the liquid crystal driving substrate is a TFT substrate which includes the large number of pixel electrodes disposed in a matrix form, and a large number of thin film transistors respectively connected to the large number of pixel electrodes.
17. A projection type display apparatus, comprising a plurality of light valves respectively provided with the liquid crystal panel defined by claim 14, wherein an image is projected using at least one of the plurality of light valves.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A fluid switching device for a valve having at least three ports, the device comprising:
a flap pivotable between a first blocking position of a first port and a second blocking position of a second port;
an actuating member of the flap capable of moving the flap from one to the other of the blocking positions; and
an interface part capable of interacting with the actuating member, the device being configured so that this interaction selectively moves the flap by the actuating member and selectively holds the flap in position,
wherein the actuating member moving the flap via a guide path provided in the interface part.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the flap and the interface part are separate parts rigidly coupled together.
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the actuating member and the interface part comprise complementary surfaces so that contact between these complementary surfaces holds the interface part in position upon movement of the actuating member.
4. The device according to claim 3, wherein said mating surfaces are circular arcs of substantially the same radius.
5. The device according to claim 3, wherein the guide path is formed by a blind groove provided in the interface part.
6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the groove extends along a rectilinear axis intersecting an axis of rotation of the flap.
7. The device according to claim 5, wherein the complementary surface of a surface of the actuating member is defined in the interface part by two portions of the periphery of the interface part, each of the two portions being arranged on one side of the groove.
8. The device according to claim 5, wherein the actuating member comprises a part mobile in rotation, a part for maintaining the interface part and a part for guiding the interface part, said holding part and said guiding part being integral with the part mobile in rotation.
9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the guiding part rests in the groove when the flap is in an intermediate position in which the first and the second ports are open.
10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the guiding part exerts a thrust on the interface part for moving the flap when said guiding part moves along the groove from the position corresponding to the intermediate position of the flap, due to a rotation of the mobile part.
11. The device according to claim 8, wherein the holding part comprises a recess providing clearance for receiving a portion of the interface part when the flap is in the intermediate position wherein the first and the second ports are open.
12. The device according to claim 5, wherein the complementary surface of a surface of the interface part is defined in the actuating member by a portion of the outer periphery of the holding part.
13. An engine control valve, comprising a switching device according to claim 1.
14. The engine control valve according to claim 13, further comprising one input port and two output ports, the flap being pivotable to move from a blocking position of one output port to a blocking position of the other output port.
15. The engine control valve according to claim 13, further comprising two input ports and one output port, the flap being pivotable to move from a blocking position of one input port to a blocking position of the other input port.