1. A method of validation for transactions between a user terminal and a server, including the steps of:
providing a code word made up of a first series of elements to a user;
providing a key to the user to use to scramble the code word;
holding the code word and key securely at the server;
receiving a request communication at the server from a user terminal;
responding to the request by issuing a second series of elements from the server to the user terminal;
displaying the second series of elements at the terminal;
inviting the user to enter a scrambled version of the code word by selecting the elements of the first series in order from the second series and for each element selected making an entry at the terminal in dependence on the key to create a series of entries; and
using the series of entries to validate the transaction.
2. A method according to claim 1, where the request communication takes the form of a User ID entered at the terminal, and the code word is a PIN.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, where the second series of elements is a random series of elements.
4. A method according to claim 1, where the key includes a physical body bearing visible indicia connecting pairs of points each of which is located at an internal or external edge of the body.
5. A method according to claim 4, where the scrambled version of the code word is entered by using the key to co-relate the position of a point on a visual display to the position of a second point on the same display by holding the key against the screen.
6. A method according to claim 4, where the request communication includes calibration data for the terminal generated by the user making entries depending on the size, shape or configuration of the physical body of the key.
7. A method according to claim 6, where the server uses the calibration data to display the second series of elements and a series of entry buttons at the terminal such that the key may be positioned on the terminal to link the elements of the second series with respective entry buttons.
8. A method according to claim 7, where the user enters a scrambled version of the code word by selecting the elements of the first series in order from the second series, and for each element selected clicking in the respective entry button to make a series of entries.
9. A method according to claim 1, where the key displays information along an edge of the key, or near apertures in the key.
10. A method according to claim 1, where the scrambled version of the code word is entered by aligning information displayed on the key with the second series of elements displayed on the user terminal, then making entries from the information displayed on the key to select elements of the first series.
11. A method according to claim 1, further including transmitting the series of entries made at the terminal to the server; unscrambling the entries at the server to recover the code word and, using knowledge of the second series and the key, to validate the user.
12. A method according to claim 11, where transmitting the series of entries involves transmitting a scrambled version of the code word.
13. A method according to claim 1, further including using the series of entries made at the terminal to encrypt a transmission to the server; and decrypting the transmission at the server.
14. A computer network, server or terminal adapted for performing the method of claim 1.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of controlling a vehicle system for a vehicle comprising:
determining a pitch gradient;
determining a pitch acceleration coefficient;
determining an added mass and a position of the added mass from the pitch gradient and the pitch acceleration coefficient; and
controlling the vehicle system in response to the added mass and position of the added mass.
2. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein determining a pitch gradient comprises determining a pitch gradient from a pitch rate sensor signal.
3. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein determining a pitch acceleration coefficient comprises determining a pitch acceleration coefficient from a pitch rate sensor signal.
4. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein the position corresponds to a change in a center of gravity position.
5. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein controlling the vehicle system comprises controlling a safety system.
6. A method as recited in claim 5 wherein controlling the safety system comprises controlling a roll stability control system.
7. A method as recited in claim 5 wherein controlling the safety system comprises controlling a yaw stability control system.
8. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein controlling the vehicle system comprises controlling a headlight leveling system.
9. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein controlling the vehicle system comprises controlling vehicle body leveling system.
10. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein controlling the vehicle system comprises compensating at least one sensor output.
11. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein determining a pitch gradient comprises determining the pitch gradient in response to a pitch rate signal and a longitudinal acceleration signal.
12. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein determining a pitch gradient comprises determining the pitch gradient in response to a longitudinal acceleration signal, a pitch rate signal and a pitch acceleration signal.
13. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein determining a pitch gradient comprises determining the pitch gradient in response to a longitudinal acceleration signal, a yaw rate signal and a pitch rate signal.
14. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein determining a pitch gradient comprises determining the pitch gradient in response to a longitudinal acceleration signal, a pitch rate signal, a pitch acceleration signal and a yaw rate signal.
15. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein determining a pitch gradient comprises determining the pitch gradient in response to a longitudinal acceleration signal, a pitch rate signal, a pitch acceleration signal, a yaw rate signal and a relative roll angle.
16. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein determining a pitch acceleration coefficient comprises determining the pitch acceleration coefficient in response to a pitch rate signal and a longitudinal acceleration signal.
17. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein determining a pitch acceleration coefficient comprises determining the pitch acceleration coefficient in response to a longitudinal acceleration signal, a pitch rate and a pitch acceleration signal.
18. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein determining a pitch acceleration coefficient comprises determining the pitch acceleration coefficient in response to a longitudinal acceleration signal, a yaw rate signal and a pitch rate signal.
19. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein determining a pitch acceleration coefficient comprises determining the pitch acceleration coefficient in response to a longitudinal acceleration signal, a pitch rate signal, a pitch acceleration signal and a yaw rate signal.
20. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein determining a pitch acceleration coefficient comprises determining the pitch acceleration coefficient in response to a longitudinal acceleration signal, a pitch rate signal, a pitch acceleration signal, a yaw rate signal and a relative roll angle.
21. A method for controlling a vehicle system for a vehicle comprising:
sensing a pitch rate;
sensing a longitudinal acceleration;
sensing a yaw rate;
determining an input representative of added mass and a position of the added mass from the sensed pitch rate, the sensed longitudinal acceleration and the sensed yaw rate; and
controlling the vehicle system in response to the input representative of added mass and the position of the added mass.
22. A method as recited in claim 21 wherein controlling the vehicle system comprises controlling a safety system.
23. A method as recited in claim 22 wherein controlling the safety system comprises controlling a roll stability control system.
24. A method as recited in claim 22 wherein controlling the safety system comprises controlling a yaw stability control system.
25. A method as recited in claim 21 wherein controlling the vehicle system comprises controlling a headlight leveling system.
26. A method as recited in claim 21 wherein controlling the vehicle system comprises controlling vehicle body leveling system.
27. A method as recited in claim 21 wherein controlling the vehicle system comprises compensating at least one sensor output.