1. A method of straightening hair comprising the steps of
(a) applying to the hair an aqueous composition comprising:
(i) 0.1 to 7.9 wt % of the total formulation of a sugar lactone;
ii) cationic surfactant of formula 1:
N(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4)+(X)\u2212\u2003\u2003Formula I
in which R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from (a) an aliphatic group of from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or (b) an aromatic, alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 22 carbon atoms; and X is a salt-forming anion selected from halogen, acetate, citrate, lactate, glycolate, phosphate nitrate, sulphate, and alkylsulphate; and
(iii) water;
wherein the composition is rinsed from the hair up to 30 minutes after application; and wherein the sugar lactone within the composition is gluconolactone and wherein the weight ratio of glucanolactone to total cationic surfactant is in the range of 1:3 to 10:1.
2. A method according to claim 1 in which the level of sugar lactone is greater than 0.5 wt % of the total composition, and wherein water is present in the composition in an amount of at least 70% by weight of the total composition.
3. A method according to claim 2 in which the level of sugar lactone is from 2 wt % to 6 wt % of the total composition.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the level of cationic surfactant is from 0.1 wt % to 15 wt % of the total composition.
5. A method according to claim 1 in which the composition further comprises a wax.
6. A method according to claim 5 in which the wax is beeswax, present in an amount of 0.2 to 4% by weight of the composition.
7. A method according to claim 1 in which the composition is rinsed off.
8. A method of straightening hair according to claim 1 in which hair is straightened without mechanical intervention.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A quarter-turn valve comprising:
a valve body having an inlet and an outlet;
a diaphragm arranged in said valve body for movement between a closed and opened position for closing and opening said outlet;
an input shaft for receiving a torsional input load in a closing direction and a torsional input load in an opposite opening direction; and
a cam mounted on said input shaft, said cam transforming said input loads to linear output loads that flex said diaphragm between its closed and opened positions.
2. The valve of claim 1 further comprising a weir, wherein said cam transforms said closing direction torsional input load to a closing direction linear output load that flexes said diaphragm against said weir to close said valve, and transforms said opening direction torsional input load to an opposite opening direction linear output load that flexes said diaphragm away from said weir to open said valve.
3. The valve of claim 1 further comprising a compressor positioned between said cam and said diaphragm, wherein said compressor is slidably connected to said cam, and fixedly connected to said diaphragm.
4. The valve of claim 3, wherein said compressor pushes said diaphragm to close said valve, and pulls said diaphragm to open said valve.
5. The valve of claim 1, wherein said diaphragm is made from a plastic or elastomer material.
6. The valve of claim 1 further comprising a lock plate mounted on said input shaft, said lock plate configured to lock said valve in a closed position when said input shaft is rotated to said closed position, and to lock said valve in an opened position when said input shaft is rotated to said open position.
7. The valve of claim 1, wherein said valve body comprises a mounting flange proximal to said inlet.
8. The valve of claim 1 further comprising a handle attached to an end of said input shaft, said handle adapted to facilitate rotation of said input shaft.
9. The valve of claim 1, wherein said cam comprises:
a plate rotatably mounted on said input shaft, said plate having a slot; and
a bushing sleeve slidably positioned in said slot, said bushing sleeve rotatably mounted on a roller pin connected to said compressor.
10. A quarter-turn valve comprising:
a valve body having an inlet and an outlet;
a diaphragm arranged in said valve body for movement between a closed and opened position for closing and opening said outlet;
an input shaft rotatable between a closing position and an opening position spaced about 90\xb0 from said closing position; and
a cam mounted on said input shaft, said cam flexing said diaphragm to its closed position to close said outlet when said input shaft is rotated to said closing position, and flexing said diaphragm to its opened position to open said valve when said input shaft is rotated to said opening position.
11. The valve of claim 10 further comprising a weir, wherein said cam flexes said diaphragm against said weir to close said valve, and flexes said diaphragm away from said weir to open said valve.
12. The valve of claim 10 further comprising a compressor positioned between said cam and said diaphragm, wherein said compressor is slidably connected to said cam, and fixedly connected to said diaphragm.
13. The valve of claim 12, wherein said compressor pushes said diaphragm to close said valve, and pulls said diaphragm to open said valve.
14. The valve of claim 10, wherein said diaphragm is made from a plastic or elastomer material.
15. The valve of claim 10 further comprising a lock plate mounted on said input shaft, said lock plate configured to lock said valve in a closed position when said input shaft is rotated to said closing position, and to lock said valve in an opened position when said input shaft is rotated to said opening position.
16. The valve of claim 10, wherein said valve body comprises a mounting flange proximal to said inlet.
17. The valve of claim 10 further comprising a handle attached to an end of said input shaft, said handle adapted to facilitate rotation of said input shaft.
18. The valve of claim 10, wherein said cam comprises:
a plate rotatably mounted on said input shaft, said plate having a slot; and
a bushing sleeve slidably positioned in said slot, said bushing sleeve rotatably mounted on a roller pin connected to said compressor.
19. A paint tote system comprising:
a container having an outlet; and
a quarter-turn cam-operated valve connected to said outlet for controlling flow from said container.
20. The paint tote system of claim 19, wherein said valve is mounted on the bottom of said container and includes an input shaft rotatable through 90\xb0, and a flexible diaphragm operatively connected to said input shaft by a cam for movement between a valve open and a valve closed position when said input shaft is rotated from one position to another position spaced 90\xb0 therefrom.