1. A method of encapsulating an organic semiconductor device, said method comprising the steps of:
providing said organic semiconductor device, said device comprising a source electrode, a drain electrode, a gate electrode and a semiconductor layer comprising pentacene or FCuPc, the device being capable of switching between at least two current flow states;
treating said organic semiconductor device with ammonium gas; and
subsequent to said treating with ammonium gas and while said device remains in an environment substantially free of gaseous oxygen, depositing an encapsulating layer over said device.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said encapsulating layer consists essentially of silicon nitride.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of depositing is performed in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition chamber.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein, the device is subjected to ammonium gas during the depositing.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said encapsulating layer consists essentially of silicon oxide.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the semiconductor layer comprises FCuPc.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the semiconductor layer comprises pentacene.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for processing data transfers between a host system and a cache supporting a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) adapter, the method comprising:
receiving, with a PCIe adapter interface, a request originating in a host system coupled to the PCIe adapter, the request defining an inputoutput operation designated for a data volume supported by the PCIe adapter, information associated with the inputoutput operation bypassing a copy operation to a kernel space of the host system, the request originating in the host system, processed by a host driver executing on the host system, the host driver maintaining a host cache journal;
forwarding information responsive to the request from the PCIe adapter interface to a cache coupled to the PCIe adapter, a PCIe adapter maintaining a PCIe adapter cache journal;
transmitting, with the PCIe adapter interface, a response to the host system, the response indicating that the inputoutput operation designated for the data volume supported by the PCIe adapter is complete;
identifying, with the PCIe adapter, a set of contiguous cache lines in the cache;
forwarding, with the PCIe adapter, information from the set of contiguous cache lines to a RAID data volume;
updating the PCIe adapter cache journal; and
communicating an indication of an event to the host driver.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the kernel space of the host system is mapped to a memory space that manages the cache.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the request originating in the host system, is initiated by an application executing on the host system.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the request originating in the host system, is initiated by an operating system on the host system.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein forwarding information responsive to the request from the PCIe adapter interface is responsive to a media access control to physical layer interface command that is generated and communicated from the host driver.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the host system identifies a base-address register accessible via a bus in the PCIe adapter.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the PCIe adapter exposes a memory capacity to the host system via the bus in the PCIe adapter.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting a response to the host system includes communicating to the host driver.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication of the event instructs the host system that the contiguous cache lines forwarded by the PCIe adapter to the RAID data volume are no longer present in the cache.
10. A data storage system, comprising:
a host computer executing a host driver and supporting a source of an inputoutput operation request directed to a logical volume supported by data storage devices external to the host computer, the host driver enabling a zero copy of information associated with the inputoutput operation to bypass a copy operation to a kernel space of an operating system functioning on the host computer when the information transitions from the host computer to the data storage devices; and
a PCIe adapter communicatively coupled to the host computer via a host interface, the PCIe adapter further coupled to a cache and having a device manager, the PCIe adapter coupled to the data storage devices supporting the logical volume via the device manager, the data storage devices arranged in a redundant array of inexpensive disks, the PCIe adapter arranged to place the zero copy of information associated with the inputoutput operation in the cache, the PCIe adapter and the host driver arranged to maintain respective cache journals, the PCIe adapter programmed to identify contiguous cache lines in the cache, store the information from the contiguous cache lines to the logical volume, update a PCIe adapter cache journal and communicate an event to the host driver.
11. The data storage system of claim 10, wherein the source of the inputoutput operation request is a user application.
12. The data storage system of claim 10, wherein the PCIe adapter responds to a media access control to physical layer interface command generated in the host driver.
13. The data storage system of claim 10, wherein the host computer identifies a base address register accessible via a bus in the PCIe adapter.
14. The data storage system of claim 13, wherein the PCIe adapter exposes a memory capacity to the host system via the bus in the PCIe adapter.
15. The data storage system of claim 10, wherein the indication of the event instructs the host computer that the contiguous cache lines are no longer present in the cache.
16. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon, in non-transitory form, instructions that, when executed by a processor on a host system direct the host system to:
receive a request originating in the host system, the request defining an inputoutput operation designated for a data volume supported by a PCIe adapter coupled to the host computer, information associated with the inputoutput operation bypassing a copy operation to a kernel space of the host system, the request processed by a host driver executing in the host system;
generate a media access control to physical layer interface command that instructs the PCIe adapter to access a cache coupled to the PCIe adapter, identify a set of contiguous cache lines in the cache, forward information from the set of contiguous cache lines to a RAID data volume, and update a cache journal;
wait for an indication from the PCIe adapter that the inputoutput operation was completed by the PCIe adapter; and
forward information to a source of the request indicating that the inputoutput operation designated for the data volume is complete, the information indicative of an event.
17. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, further directing the host system to: modify a cache journal in the host system.
18. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein an address identifying a storage location within the cache coupled to the PCIe adapter is mapped to a host kernel space.
19. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the request originates in an application executing in the host system.
20. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein the request originates in an operating system executing in the host system.