1. A composition comprising isocyanate group-containing compounds that include on average
i) a NCO functionality less than or equal to 3.5; and
ii) from 1.5 to 8 percent by weight, based on the isocyanate containing compound, of allophanate groups; and
which is substantially free of uretdione groups,
wherein the isocyanate group-containing compounds are the reaction products of an isocyanate and a combination of saturated alcohols, and contain one or more structural units conforming to the following formula
wherein
R1 is selected from the group consisting of a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 15 carbon atoms, and a divalent araliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein R1 can optionally include from 1 to 3 NCO groups;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 15 carbon atoms, and a divalent araliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein R2 can optionally include from 1 to 3 NCO groups; and
R3 is selected from the group consisting of a C1 to C32 linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, or aromatic hydrocarbon group, a \u2014CH3 terminated polyether, a polyester, and a polyurethane.
2. (canceled)
3. The composition according to claim 1 having a bulk viscosity of less than or equal to 750 cps at 25\xb0 C.
4. The composition according to claim 21 wherein R1 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, R2 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and R3 is a C1-C12 linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon.
5. (canceled)
6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the NCO content of the isocyanate group containing compounds is 8-25 weight percent, based on the weight of the isocyanate group-containing compounds.
7. A two component elastomeric coating composition that includes a component A comprising isocyanate group containing compounds containing on average
i) a mean NCO functionality less than or equal to 3.5; and
ii) from 1.5 to 8 percent by weight, based on the isocyanate containing compound, of allophanate groups; and
which is substantially free of uretdione groups; and
a component B comprising a compound containing one or more functional groups that are reactive with isocyanate groups.
8. The composition according to claim 7, wherein the isocyanate group containing compounds of component A contain one or more structural units conforming to the following formula
wherein
R1 is selected from the group consisting of a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 15 carbon atoms, a divalent araliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 15 carbon atoms, and a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein R1 can optionally include from 1 to 3 NCO groups;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 15 carbon atoms, a divalent araliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 15 carbon atoms, and a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein R2 can optionally include from 1 to 3 NCO groups; and
R3 is selected from the group consisting of a C2 to C32 linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, or aromatic hydrocarbon group, a \u2014CH3 terminated polyether, a polyester, and a polyurethane.
9. The composition according to claim 7, wherein the isocyanate group containing compounds of component A have a bulk viscosity of less than or equal to 750 cps at 25\xb0 C.
10. The composition according to claim 8, wherein R1 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, R2 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and R3 is a C1-C12 linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon.
11. The composition according to claim 7, wherein at least some of the isocyanate group containing compounds of component A contain at least two allophanate groups per molecule.
12. The composition according to claim 7, wherein the compound containing one or more functional groups that are reactive with isocyanate groups of component B is selected from the group consisting of polyetherpolyols, polyesterpolyols, hydroxy functional polyurethanes, glycols, glycerine, polyetheramines, polyamines, amine functional polyurethanes, and combinations thereof.
13. The composition according to claim 7, wherein the NCO content of the isocyanate group containing compounds is 8-25 weight percent, based on the weight of the isocyanate group containing compounds.
14. A process for coating a substrate comprising:
a) providing a surface of a substrate;
b) contacting the surface with an elastomeric composition comprising: a component A comprising isocyanate group containing compounds containing on average
i) a mean NCO functionality less than or equal to 3.5; and
ii) from 1.5 to 8 percent by weight, based on the isocyanate containing compound, of allophanate groups; and
which is substantially free of uretdione groups; and
a component B comprising a compound containing one or more functional groups that are reactive with isocyanate groups.
15. The process according to claim 14, wherein the isocyanate group containing compounds of component A contain one or more structural units conforming to the following formula
wherein
R1 is selected from the group consisting of a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 15 carbon atoms, a divalent araliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 15 carbon atoms, and a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein R1 can optionally include from 1 to 3 NCO groups;
R2 is selected from the group consisting of a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a divalent cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 5 to 15 carbon atoms, a divalent araliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 15 carbon atoms, and a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, wherein R2 can optionally include from 1 to 3 NCO groups; and
R3 is selected from the group consisting of a C2 to C32 linear, branched or cyclic aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, or aromatic hydrocarbon group, a \u2014CH3 terminated polyether, a polyester, and a polyurethane.
16. The process according to claim 14, wherein the isocyanate group containing compounds of component A have a bulk viscosity of less than or equal to 750 cps at 25\xb0 C.
17. The process according to claim 15, wherein R1 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, R2 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and R3 is a C1-C12 linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon.
18. The process according to claim 14, wherein at least some of the isocyanate group containing compounds of component A contain at least two allophanate groups per molecule.
19. The process according to claim 14 wherein the compound containing one or more functional groups that are reactive with isocyanate groups of component B is selected from the group consisting of polyetherpolyols, polyesterpolyols, hydroxy functional polyurethanes, glycols, glycerine, polyetheramines, polyamines, amine functional polyurethanes, and combinations thereof.
20. The process according to claim 14, wherein the compound containing one or more functional groups that are reactive with isocyanate groups of component B is an aliphatic primary amine optionally also including an aliphatic secondary amine.
21. The process according to claim 14, wherein the substrate comprises one or more materials selected from the group consisting of wood, metals, plastic, paper, ceramics, minerals, stone, glass, and concrete.
22. The process according to claim 14, wherein the substrate is a surface of an automotive vehicle.
23. The process according to claim 14, wherein component A is present in the composition from about 30% to about 70% by volume.
24. The process according to claim 14, wherein component A is at least 90% aliphatic by weight.
25. The process according to claim 14, wherein component A is maintained separate from component B until a time that is less than 6 hours prior to contacting the composition with the substrate.
26. The process according to claim 14, wherein the composition is contacted with the substrate using an apparatus having a first metering container for receiving component A, a second metering container for receiving component B, and a nozzle in fluid communication with the first and second containers for spraying the composition.
27. The process according to claim 14, wherein the composition, in either or both of component A and component B, comprise one or more additives selected from the group consisting of levelling agents, wetting agents, flow control agents, antiskinning agents, antifoaming agents, fillers, viscosity regulators, thixotropic agents, plasticizers, pigments, dyes, UV absorbers, stabilizers, catalysts, and combinations thereof.
28. The process according to claim 14, wherein the NCO content of the isocyanate group containing compounds is 8-25 weight percent, based on the weight of the isocyanate group containing compounds.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for producing a recess-protrusion structure body, which comprises a base plate and at least one protruding region having been formed on the base plate, the process comprising:
i) a step (A) of forming a selectively removable resist layer or a selectively removable sacrifice layer in a predetermined pattern in a protrusion non-forming region on the base plate,
ii) a step (B) of forming a pillar-shaped structure film on a side of the base plate, on which side the resist layer or the sacrifice layer has been formed in the predetermined pattern, the pillar-shaped structure film containing a plurality of pillar-shaped bodies, each of which extends in a direction nonparallel with a base plate surface of the base plate, and
iii) a step (C) of removing the resist layer or the sacrifice layer, and a region of the pillar-shaped structure film, which region is located on the resist layer or the sacrifice layer, by use of a lift-off technique,
whereby the at least one protruding region, which contains the plurality of the pillar-shaped bodies, is formed.
2. A process for producing a recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 1 wherein the resist layer or the sacrifice layer is formed in the predetermined pattern in the step (A) by use of a technique selected from the group consisting of a lift-off technique, a photolithography technique, and a transfer molding technique.
3. A process for producing a recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 1 wherein the formation of the pillar-shaped structure film in the step (B) is performed under heating conditions.
4. A process for producing a recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 1 wherein the sacrifice layer, which contains a carbon-containing compound andor a carbon simple substance as a principal constituent, is formed in the predetermined pattern.
5. A recess-protrusion structure body, produced with a process for producing a recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 1.
6. A recess-protrusion structure body, comprising:
i) a base plate, and
ii) at least one protruding region, which has been formed on the base plate,
the at least one protruding region having been formed with patterning processing performed on a pillar-shaped structure film containing a plurality of pillar-shaped bodies, each of which extends in a direction nonparallel with a base plate surface of the base plate,
each of the plurality of the pillar-shaped bodies, which are exposed at a side face of the protruding region, being terminated at an interface of the pillar-shaped body.
7. A recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 5 wherein a height of the protruding region is equal to at least 1 \u03bcm, and a mean pillar diameter of the plurality of the pillar-shaped bodies contained in the protruding region falls within the range of 30 nm to 1 \u03bcm.
8. A recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 6 wherein a height of the protruding region is equal to at least 1 \u03bcm, and a mean pillar diameter of the plurality of the pillar-shaped bodies contained in the protruding region falls within the range of 30 nm to 1 \u03bcm.
9. A recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 5 wherein an angle of a side face of the protruding region with respect to the base plate surface of the base plate falls within the range of 90\xb145\xb0.
10. A recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 6 wherein an angle of a side face of the protruding region with respect to the base plate surface of the base plate falls within the range of 90\xb145\xb0.
11. A recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 5 wherein the protruding region is constituted of an inorganic material.
12. A recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 6 wherein the protruding region is constituted of an inorganic material.
13. A recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 5 wherein the protruding region is constituted of a dielectric material.
14. A recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 6 wherein the protruding region is constituted of a dielectric material.
15. A recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 5 wherein the protruding region is constituted of a piezoelectric material.
16. A recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 6 wherein the protruding region is constituted of a piezoelectric material.
17. A piezoelectric device, which is provided with a recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 15, the piezoelectric device comprising:
i) the base plate,
ii) a piezoelectric film, which contains the at least one protruding region, and which has been formed on the base plate, and
iii) electrodes, which have been formed on the base plate, the electrodes applying an electric field across the piezoelectric film.
18. A piezoelectric device, which is provided with a recess-protrusion structure body as defined in claim 16, the piezoelectric device comprising:
i) the base plate,
ii) a piezoelectric film, which contains the at least one protruding region, and which has been formed on the base plate, and
iii) electrodes, which have been formed on the base plate, the electrodes applying an electric field across the piezoelectric film.
19. An ink jet type recording head, comprising a piezoelectric device as defined in claim 17.
20. An ink jet type recording head, comprising a piezoelectric device as defined in claim 18.
21. An ink jet type recording apparatus, comprising an ink jet type recording head as defined in claim 19.
22. An ink jet type recording apparatus, comprising an ink jet type recording head as defined in claim 20.