1. A light-emitting device comprising:
a substrate;
a light-emitting element including a lower electrode, a light-emitting function layer, and an upper electrode that are formed on the substrate in that order;
at least one auxiliary electrode in a strip shape extending in a first direction on and in contact with the upper electrode, the auxiliary electrode having a cross section taken along the direction intersecting the first direction, the cross section having a shape including a tapered portion; and
a barrier layer covering the auxiliary electrode and the upper electrode, the barrier layer preventing at least one of water and oxygen from penetrating into the light-emitting element.
2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary electrode has a larger thickness than the barrier layer.
3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising a power line disposed on the substrate and setting the upper electrode and the auxiliary electrode to a predetermined potential; and a contact thin film disposed between the upper electrode and auxiliary electrode and the power line and electrically connected to at least part of the upper electrode and auxiliary electrode and at least part of the power line, the contact thin film having a cross section taken along the first direction, having a shape including a tapered portion.
4. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the tapered portion of the cross section has an oblique side and a side adjacent to the oblique side that form an acute angle in the range of 20\xb0 to 60\xb0 therebetween.
5. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the barrier layer has a thickness in the range of 30 to 500 nm.
6. An electronic apparatus comprising the light-emitting device as set forth in claim 1.
7. A film-forming method for forming a film using a thin film-forming mask including effective portions, each having a predetermined height and length and having a cross section including a trapezoidal shape, the effective portions being arranged at predetermined intervals defining gaps, the film-forming method comprising:
disposing a substrate on the rear surface of the thin film-forming mask; and
depositing a predetermined material on the surface of the substrate exposed in the gaps between the effective portions, thereby forming a number of thin films equal to the number of gaps, the thin films each having a cross section including a tapered shape.
8. The film-forming method according to claim 1, wherein the material is applied in a slanted direction onto the entirety of the surface of the substrate exposed in the gaps.
9. The film-forming method according to claim 7, further comprising forming a light-emitting element on the substrate before the thin films are formed; and forming a barrier layer that prevents at least one of water and oxygen from penetrating into the light-emitting element after the thin films are formed, wherein forming the light-emitting element includes forming a lower electrode, forming a light-emitting function layer, and forming an upper electrode, and the thin films are formed as auxiliary electrodes on the surface of the upper electrode, and wherein the barrier layer is formed on the auxiliary electrodes.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A fluid irradiation apparatus for the modification of viruses and bacteria, comprising:
a housing having an exterior side and an interior side, the interior side further defining an enclosure;
an irradiation station affixed to the housing;
a cuvette positioned across the irradiation station;
at least two ultraviolet light sources positioned adjacent to the cuvette;
an ivac bottle for drawing and transporting fluid through the cuvette;
means for receiving the fluid transported and irradiated through the cuvette;
means for enclosing the cuvette and irradiation station when the fluid irradiation apparatus is in use for minimizing the escape of ultraviolet light radiation; and
means for energizing the fluid irradiation apparatus.
2. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cuvette is made of a quartz crystal material.
3. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 1 wherein the cuvette is made of a durable plastic material.
4. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least two ultraviolet light sources are, when in use, positioned on opposite sides of the cuvette.
5. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 1 wherein one ultraviolet light source is mounted in the enclosure and the other ultraviolet light source is mounted in a cover.
6. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least two ultraviolet light sources are calibrated in the UVA, UVB, or UVC light transmission band widths.
7. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 6 wherein the at least two ultraviolet light sources are calibrated between 40 and 400 nano meters.
8. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 1 wherein the means for receiving the fluid transported and irradiated through the cuvette is a bottle.
9. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 5 wherein the means for enclosing the cuvette and irradiation station when the fluid irradiation apparatus is in use is the cover.
10. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 1 and further comprising an onoff power switch, an onoff pump control switch, and an ultraviolet light control switch.
11. A fluid irradiation apparatus for the modification of viruses and bacteria contained in fluid, comprising:
a housing having an exterior side and an interior side, the exterior side further defining an aperture and the interior side further defining a hollow center;
a cuvette positioned across substantially the surface area of the aperture and aligned in a substantially parallel relationship with the housing;
a first ultraviolet light source located within the hollow center of the interior side of the housing and positioned parallel to the cuvette;
a cover having an exterior side and an interior side, the interior side further defining a chamber;
a second ultraviolet light source located within the chamber;
means for receiving the fluid transported through the cuvette;
means for transporting the fluid through the cuvette into the means for receiving the fluid;
means for returning the fluid in the opposite direction back through the cuvette from the means for receiving the fluid;
whereby, the fluid transferred through the same cuvette is irradiated in at least two separate instances by both the first and second ultraviolet light sources.
12. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 11 and further comprising a means for drawing the fluid through the cuvette.
13. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 11 and further comprising a means for enclosing the cuvette when the fluid irradiation apparatus is in use.
14. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 11 and further comprising a means for controlling the operation of the fluid irradiation apparatus.
15. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 11 and further comprising a faceplate that is fitted within the aperture in the exterior side of the housing.
16. The fluid irradiation apparatus of claim 11 wherein the second ultraviolet light source is positioned, when in use, on the opposite side of the cuvette from the first ultraviolet light source.
17. A method for modifying viruses and bacteria from fluid in the body, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a fluid irradiation apparatus consisting of a housing and an irradiation station in the housing;
(b) removing fluid from the body and depositing the fluid into a conduit;
(c) transporting the removed fluid from the body along the conduit and into a cuvette;
(d) irradiating the removed fluid at the irradiation station within the cuvette by at least two ultraviolet light sources;
(e) transporting the irradiated fluid from the cuvette along the conduit and depositing the irradiated fluid into a container;
(f) removing the irradiated fluid from the container and depositing the fluid back into the conduit;
(g) transporting the irradiated fluid back through the same conduit and back into the same cuvette;
(h) irradiating the irradiated fluid within the cuvette by the at least two ultraviolet light sources to produce a second irradiated fluid;
(i) transporting the second irradiated fluid back through the same conduit from the cuvette;
(j) returning the second irradiated fluid into the body.
18. The method of claim 17 and the additional step of directing ultraviolet radiation from the at least two ultraviolet light sources at the cuvette.
19. A method for modifying viruses and bacteria from fluid in the body, comprising the steps of:
(a) transporting fluid through a conduit into a cuvette;
(b) providing a plurality of ultraviolet light sources at the cuvette;
(c) irradiating the fluid in the cuvette as it passes the plurality of ultraviolet light sources to produce a first irradiated fluid;
(d) reversing the directional flow of the fluid to pass back through the same cuvette; and
(e) irradiating the first irradiated fluid as it passes the plurality of ultraviolet light sources a second time to produce a second irradiated fluid.