1. A process which comprises polymerizing an olefin in the presence of a hydrosilane and a catalyst system which comprises an activator and a bridged indenoindolyl Group 4-6 transition metal complex having open archit architure, wherein the hydrosilane is used in an amount effective to increase polyolefin molecular weight.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the transition metal complex has the general structure selected from the group consisting of:
in which M is a Group 4-6 transition metal, G is a linking group, R is alkyl, aryl, dialkylboryl, or trialkylsilyl, R1 is C1-C20 hydrocarbyl, X is alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, halide, dlalkylamino, or slioxy, and n satisfies the valence of M.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the olelin is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene and mixtures thereof.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the activator is selected from the group consisting of alumoxanes, ionic borates, ionic aluminates, alkylaluminums, and aluminoboronates.
5. The process of claim 2 wherein M is a Group 4 transition metal.
6. The process of claim 2 wherein M is Ti or Zr, G is dimethylsilyl, and X is halide or alkyl.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein the polymerization is performed at a temperature within the range of about 30\xb0 C. to about 100\xb0 C.
8. A slurry polymerization process of claim 1.
9. A gas-phase polymerization process of claim 1.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein the hydrosilane has the general structure:
wherein each R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C10 hydrocarbyl, and trifluoroalkyl; R3 is C1-C10 hydrocarbyl; x is an integer from 0 to 200 and R4 a selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, trialkylsiloxy and C1-C10 hydrocarbyl with the proviso that when x is 0, R4 is hydrogen.
11. The process of claim 10 wherein R2 is C1-C10 hydrocarbyl, x is 0 and R4 is hydrogen.
12. The process of claim 10 wherein x is an integer from 5 to 100, R2 is C1-C10 hydrocarkyl, and R4 is trialkylsiloxy.
13. The process of claim 12 wherein R2 and R3 are methyl and R4 is trimethylsiloxy.
14. The process of claim 10 wherein the hydrosilane is used at a level of from about 20 to about 1000 grams of silicon per gram of transition metal.
15. The process of clam 14 wherein the hydrosilane is used at a level of from about 50 to about 500 grams of silicon per gram of transition metal.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system for loading a flowable explosive into blast holes, the system including
a mobile explosives supply unit having at least one explosives feed line for feeding a flowable explosive from the supply unit into a blast hole and a plurality of reservoirs or containers for holding a flowable explosive or flowable explosive components, the mobile explosives supply unit also including a plurality of explosive component feed means to feed flowable explosive components from their respective reservoirs for mixing to form a flowable or pumpable explosive, and a flowable explosive feed means for feeding a flowable explosive through the at least one explosives feed line into blast holes;
a global positioning system (GPS) unit operable to determine the position of a blast hole; and
a blast hole identification processor in communication with the GPS unit operable to receive from the GPS unit a blast hole co-ordinate position and configured or programmed uniquely to identify the blast hole based on the co-ordinate position of the blast hole, the blast hole identification processor being in communication with one or more of the explosive component feed means, andor with the flowable explosive feed means and being configured or programmed to control the feed means to load a predefined or calculated amount of explosive of a desired composition into at least some blast holes.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, in which the GPS unit is associated with or mounted to an outlet end portion of the explosives feed line.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, in which the GPS unit is configured or adapted to be worn by an operator or user of the system handling the explosives feed line so that in use, when the operator is inserting an outlet end portion of the explosives feed line into a blast hole, the GPS unit can determine the co-ordinate position of the blast hole.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, in which the GPS unit is located in or on the mobile explosives supply unit, the system including sensing means to determine the relative position of an outlet end of the explosives feed line or of an operator of the explosives feed line to the co-ordinate position of the mobile explosives supply unit, and a processor operable to calculate or determine the co-ordinate position of the outlet end or of the operator, based on the co-ordinate position of the explosives supply unit and the relative position of the outlet end or of the operator.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, in which the blast hole identification processor is uploadable or programmable so that it can be programmed or supplied with a blast plan uniquely identifying the co-ordinate positions of blast holes, whether actually drilled or planned.
6. The system as claimed in claim 1, in which the blast hole identification processor is configured or programmed to build up a blast plan of uniquely identified blast holes, by receiving the co-ordinate positions of the blast holes from the GPS unit.
7. The system as claimed in claim 1, in which the blast hole identification processor is operable to receive geometry information of individual blast holes, and is configured or programmed to calculate the required amount and, if desired, composition of the flowable explosive for the individual blast holes.
8. The system as claimed in claim 1, in which the blast hole identification processor is configured or programmed to determine the nearest programmed blast hole to a co-ordinate position received from the GPS unit when the co-ordinate position received from the GPS unit does not agree exactly with the co-ordinate position of any programmed blast hole, and to continue processing on the basis that the GPS unit is located at the co-ordinate position of said nearest programmed blast hole.
9. The system as claimed in claim 1, which includes a memory module in communication with the processor, and in which the blast hole identification processor is configured or programmed to keep a record or log of blast hole loading operations.
10. The system as claimed claim 1, in which the blast hole identification processor is operable to receive a manual input from an operator identifying a particular blast hole, i.e. the blast hole is not identified via the GPS unit but manually, and in which the blast hole identification processor is operable to receive explosive loading instructions for a particular blast hole as a manual input, and is configured or programmed to execute said explosive loading instructions.
11. The system as claimed in claim 1, in which the blast hole identification processor is operable to receive information on blast holes that have been planned but not drilled, and is configured or programmed to mark or identify such undrilled blast holes on a blast plan.
12. The system as claimed in claim 1, which includes a zone controller in a communications network to receive information from and to provide information to said mobile explosives supply unit and to other associated mobile explosives supply units in a common blast zone of a blasting area or bench.
13. The system as claimed in claim 12, in which the zone controller is operable to communicate with a base server to transfer blasting log files received from mobile explosives supply units to the base server and to receive blast plans for the mobile explosives supply units from the base server.
14. The system as claimed in claim 12, which includes a blast viewer providing graphical information on blasting activity and in which the blast viewer is in communication with a plurality of zone controllers, each zone controller providing information on blasting activity in a zone of a blasting area or bench.
15. The system as claimed in claim 1, which includes a blast viewer providing graphical information on blasting activity.