1. A drilling system to produce lateral boreholes comprising:
a downhole tool sized to accommodate standard oil and gas casing, wherein the lateral boreholes are formed by a cutting arrangement which allows the casing to be parted employing surface of a cutting tool to be compatible with steel or metallic material forming an opening;
a jetting system allows the boreholes to be formed by high-pressure jet actions into formation, wherein the cutting arrangement also assists the jetting nozzle to form the lateral boreholes into the formation;
an extension tube and cutting nozzle arrangement is rotated from the surface or a downhole motor allowing variable speeds to be provided for parting the casing and drilling of the lateral boreholes, wherein the extension tube is constructed of a memory material allowing the extension tube to be bend around a drive wheel and rotated and maintaining an original shape of the extension tube once drilling load is removed.
2. The system as set forth in claim 1 whereby both the casing is parted and the lateral boreholes into the formation is provided in one trip from the surface to the downhole formation.
3. The drilling system as set forth in claim 1 further comprising at least one special extension tube withstanding ultra-high internal pressures and is equipped with lateral stabilizers allowing the tube to be placed in an axial compression condition.
4. The system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the memory material is a nickel titanium (NiTi) alloy.
5. The system as set forth in claim 1 provides a means for rotating the extension tube outward into the formation under control and without slippage of the extension tube.
6. The system as set forth in claim 1 provides a means for maintaining the extension tube to be in tension at all times prior to being introduced to the drive wheel.
7. The system as set forth in claim 1 provides an exit from the extension tube at an acute angle.
8. The system as set forth in claim 1 provides a means for directing the lateral boreholes to a specific direction.
9. The system as set forth in claim 8 allows the lateral boreholes to be provided at the specific direction at the same time into the formation.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
what is claimed is:
1. A process for producing a multicoat color andor effect paint system on a primed or unprimed substrate wherein a basecoat film and at least one clearcoat film are applied one atop the other, characterized in that at least one of the clearcoat materials is curable thermally and with actinic radiation and comprises or consists of at least one aqueous polyurethane dispersion which contains blocked isocyanate groups and which has an acid number of from 5.0 to 100 mg KOHg dispersion, the polyurethane contained in the polyurethane dispersion being composed of
A) at least one aliphatic polyisocyanate having an isocyanate functionality of from 2.0 to 6.0,
B) at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group and at least one bond which can be activated with actinic radiation,
C) at least one low molecular mass aliphatic compound containing at least two isocyanate-reactive functional groups,
D) at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group and at least one dispersive functional group,
E) at least one neutralizing agent for the dispersive functional groups of the compound D), and, if desired,
G) at least one compound other than compounds B) to
E), containing an isocyanate-reactive functional group,
and the blocked isocyanate groups being introduced into the polyurethane dispersion
1. by adding at least one blocked polyisocyanate before, during andor after the preparation of the polyurethane andor
2. by way of the reaction of at least one blocking agent F) for isocyanate groups andor at least one compound F) containing at least one blocked isocyanate group and one isocyanate-reactive group with the polyurethane prepolymers containing isocyanate groups that result from the reaction of a stoichiometric excess of the compounds A) with the compounds B) and also, where appropriate, C) and G) and also with an amount of compounds D) and E) that is sufficient for dispersibility in aqueous media.
2. A powder slurry curable thermally and with actinic radiation, consisting of or comprising at least one aqueous polyurethane dispersion comprising finely divided solid particles, characterized in that the polyurethane dispersion has an acid number of from 5.0 to 100 mg KOHg dispersion and contains blocked isocyanate groups, the polyurethane contained in the polyurethane dispersion being composed of
A) at least one aliphatic polyisocyanate having an isocyanate functionality of from 2.0 to 6.0,
B) at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group and at least one bond which can be activated with actinic radiation,
C) at least one low molecular mass aliphatic compound containing at least two isocyanate-reactive functional groups,
D) at least one compound containing at least one isocyanate-reactive functional group and at least one dispersive functional group,
E) at least one neutralizing agent for the dispersive functional groups of the compound D), and, if desired,
G) at least one compound other than compounds B) to
E), containing an isocyanate-reactive functional group,
and the blocked isocyanate groups being introduced into the polyurethane dispersion
1. by adding at least one blocked polyisocyanate before, during andor after the preparation of the polyurethane andor
2. by way of the reaction of at least one blocking agent F) for isocyanate groups andor at least one compound F) containing at least one blocked isocyanate group and one isocyanate-reactive group with the polyurethane prepolymers containing isocyanate groups that result from the reaction of a stoichiometric excess of the compounds A) with the compounds B) and also, where appropriate, C) and G) and also with an amount of compounds D) and E) that is sufficient for dispersibility in aqueous media.
3. The process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that
(1) a film of a pigmented basecoat material curable thermally and also, where appropriate, with actinic radiation is applied to the surface of the substrate and,
(1.1) without being cured, is dried or partly cured or
(1.2) is fully cured thermally and, where appropriate, with actinic radiation, and then
(2) a clearcoat film I of the clearcoat material I curable thermally and with actinic radiation is applied to the surface of the basecoat film or the basecoat and is fully cured
(2.1) together with the basecoat film or
(2.2) on its own
thermally andor with actinic radiation; or alternatively
(2) a clearcoat film I of a clearcoat material I curable thermally andor with actinic radiation is applied to the surface of the basecoat film or the basecoat and is cured
(2.1) partly, on its own,
(2.2) partly, together with the basecoat film or
(2.3) fully, together with the basecoat film, or
(2.4) fully, on its own
thermally andor with actinic radiation, and then
(3) a further clearcoat film II of a clearcoat material II curable thermally andor with actinic radiation is applied to the surface of the clearcoat film I or the clearcoat I, at least one of the clearcoat films I and II being of a clearcoat material curable thermally and with actinic radiation, and then
(3.1) the clearcoat film II is fully cured alone or
(3.2) together with the underlying not yet fully cured coating films
thermally andor with actinic radiation.
4. The process as claimed in claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the polyurethane present in the polyurethane dispersion contains bonds which can be activated with actinic radiation, isocyanate-reactive functional groups, blocked isocyanate groups, and dispersive functional groups, especially (partially) anionic groups.
5. The process as claimed in any of claims 1, 3 or 4 and the powder slurry as claimed in claim 2 or 4, characterized in that aliphatic polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate, biuret, allophanate, iminooxadiazinedione, urethane, urea, carbodiimide andor uretdione groups are used as compounds A).
6. The process as claimed in any of claims 1 or 3 to 5 and the powder slurry as claimed in any of claims 2, 4 or 5, characterized in that said bonds which can be activated with actinic radiation comprise carbon-hydrogen single bonds or carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen, carbon-nitrogen, carbon-phosphorus or carbon-silicon single bonds or double bonds.
7. The process and the powder slurry as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the double bonds are in the form of (meth)acrylate, ethacrylate, crotonate, cinnamate, vinyl ether, vinyl ester, dicyclopentadienyl, norbornenyl, isoprenyl, isopropenyl, allyl or butenyl groups; dicyclopentadienyl ether, norbornenyl ether, isoprenyl ether, isopropenyl ether, allyl ether or butenyl ether groups; or dicyclopentadienyl ester, norbornenyl ester, isoprenyl ester, isopropenyl ester, allyl ester or butenyl ester groups.
8. The process as claimed in any of claims 1 or 3 to 7 and the powder slurry as claimed in any of claims 2 or 4 to 7, characterized in that said isocyanate-reactive functional groups comprise thio, hydroxyl, amino, imino, carbamate andor allophanate groups, especially thio, hydroxyl, and amino groups.
9. The process as claimed in any of claims 1 or 3 to 8 and the powder slurry as claimed in any of claims 2 or 4 to 8, characterized in that said (potentially) anionic groups comprise carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid groups, especially carboxylic acid groups.
10. The process as claimed in any of claims 1 or 3 to 9 and the powder slurry as claimed in any of claims 2 or 4 to 9, characterized in that said blocking agents comprise oximes andor substituted pyrazoles, especially ketoximes andor dimethylpyrazole.
11. The process as claimed in any of claims 1 or 3 to 10 and the powder slurry as claimed in any of claims 2 or 4 to 10, characterized in that at least one of the clearcoat materials I andor II comprises at least one photoinitiator, at least one reactive diluent for curing with actinic radiation, at least one thermal crosslinking initiator andor at least one customary coatings additive.
12. A multicoat color andor effect paint system on a primed or unprimed substrate, producible by means of the process as claimed in any of claims 1 or 3 to 11 andor by means of the powder slurry as claimed in any of claims 2 or 4 to 11.