1. A composition comprising:
a polymer having pendant thereto a group or end group containing Formula I:
\u2003where
n is an integer of either 1 or 2;
n+z=3;
R1 is one item selected from the list consisting of: H, C1-C12 Alkyl, Aryl, Na, K, Li, and NH4; and
J is selected from the group consisting of H and a hydrocarbon group having a number of carbons within the range of 1 to 20 carbons; and
a Bayer liquor comprising silica.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer comprises a recurring unit of the Formula II and a recurring unit of the Formula III:
wherein:
A1 and A2 are each an independent hydrocarbon group having a number of carbons within the range of 1 to 20 carbons or A1 and A2 are each independently a direct bond between the nitrogen atom and the adjoining group;
T and E are each an independent hydrocarbon group having a number of carbons within the range of 2 to 40 carbons; and
Q is selected from the group consisting of H and a hydrocarbon group having a number of carbons within the range of 1 to 20 carbons where:
the molecular weight of the polymer is at least 500; and
Q does not contain a silane group.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is according to formula IV:
where
x=0.5-20% and y=99.5-80%.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is according to formula V:
where
x=0.5-20% and y=99.5-80%.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is according to formula VI:
where
x=1-99%, y=1-99%, and z=0.5-20%;
M is selected from the list consisting of Na, K, Li, and NH4.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is a graft copolymer of formula VII and formula VIII:
where
x=0.1-99% (as a percentage of small molecule units in the polymer); and
X is NH, NR\u2032, or O;
R\u2032=C1-C10 alkyl, or aryl.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is a graft copolymer of formulas IX and X:
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is one selected from the list consisting of: bis (3-alkyl-dialkoxysilylpropyl)polypropyleneoxide, bis (3-alkyl-dialkoxysilylpropyl)polyethyleneoxide, and any combination thereof.
9. A composition comprising:
a polymer having pendant thereto a group or end group containing Formula I:
where
n is an integer of either 1 or 2;
n+z=3;
R1 is one item selected from the list consisting of: H, C1-C12 Alkyl, Aryl, Na, K, Li, and NH4; and
J is selected from the group consisting of H and a hydrocarbon group having a number of carbons within the range of 1 to 20 carbons; and
an amount of a silicon-comprising foulant.
10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the polymer comprises a recurring unit of the Formula II and a recurring unit of the Formula III:
wherein:
A1 and A2 are each an independent hydrocarbon group having a number of carbons within the range of 1 to 20 carbons or A1 and A2 are each independently a direct bond between the nitrogen atom and the adjoining group;
T and E are each an independent hydrocarbon group having a number of carbons within the range of 2 to 40 carbons; and
Q is selected from the group consisting of H and a hydrocarbon group having a number of carbons within the range of 1 to 20 carbons where:
the molecular weight of the polymer is at least 500; and
Q does not contain a silane group.
11. The composition of claim 9 wherein the polymer is according to formula IV:
where
x=0.5-20% and y=99.5-80%.
12. The composition of claim 9 wherein the polymer is according to formula V:
where
x=0.5-20% and y=99.5-80%.
13. The composition of claim 9 wherein the polymer is according to formula VI:
where
x=1-99%, y=1-99%, and z=0.5-20%;
M is selected from the list consisting of Na, K, Li, and NH4.
14. The composition of claim 9 wherein the polymer is a graft copolymer of formula VII and formula VIII:
where
x=0.1-99% (as a percentage of small molecule units in the polymer); and
X is NH, NR\u2032, or O;
R\u2032=C1-C10 alkyl, or aryl.
15. The composition of claim 9 wherein the polymer is a graft copolymer of formulas IX and X:
16. The composition of claim 9 wherein the polymer is one selected from the list consisting of: bis (3-alkyl-dialkoxysilylpropyl)polypropyleneoxide, bis (3-alkyl-dialkoxysilylpropyl)polyethyleneoxide, and any combination thereof.
17. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polymer is bonded to at least a portion of the silica of the Bayer liquor.
18. The composition of claim 9 wherein the polymer is bonded to at least a portion of the amount of the silicon-comprising foulant.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of separating a feed mixture comprising 6-aminocapronitrile (ACN) and hexamethylenediamine (HMD), comprising:
introducing a feed mixture comprising ACN, tetrahydroazepine (THA), and HMD into a refined distillation column;
operating the refined distillation column under conditions such that:
a refined column distillate comprising HMD is withdrawn from the refined distillation column; and
a refined column tails comprising ACN, THA and dimers of ACN and HMD is withdrawn from the refined distillation column;
introducing the refined column tails into a dimer removal column; and
operating the dimer removal column under conditions such that:
a dimer removal column distillate comprising ACN and THA is withdrawn from the dimer removal column; and
a dimer removal column tails comprising dimers of ACN and HMD is withdrawn from the dimer removal column;
wherein the levels of dimers in the refined column tails substantially exceeds the level of dimers in the dimer removal column distillate.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the head pressure of the refined distillation column is greater than about 200 to about 760 mm Hg absolute and the pressure drop across the refined distillation column height is at least about 25 to about 300 mm Hg.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the head pressure of the refined distillation column is greater than about 200 mm Hg absolute and the pressure drop across the refined distillation column height is at least 25 mm Hg.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the head press tire of the dimer removal column is less than about 50 mm Hg absolute.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising;
introducing an ammonia-depleted crude feed mixture comprising HMD, ACN, THA and adiponitrile (ADN) into a crude distillation column; and
operating the crude distillation column under conditions to minimize isomerization of ADN into 2-cyanocyclopentylideneimine (CPI) such that:
a crude column distillate comprising HMD, ACN and THA is withdrawn from the crude distillation column; and
a crude column tails comprising ADN, HMD, ACN and THA is withdrawn from the crude distillation column;
wherein the crude column distillate comprises the feed mixture for the refined distillation column.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the head pressure of the crude distillation column is about 5 to about 100 mm Hg absolute.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the head pressure of the crude distillation column is about 60 mm Hg absolute.
8. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
introducing the crude column tails into a tails distillation column;
operating the tails distillation column under conditions such that:
a tails column distillate comprising HMD, ACN and THA is withdrawn from the tails distillation column; and
a tails column tails comprising ADN and CPI is withdrawn from the tails distillation column; and
reintroducing the tails column distillate into the crude distillation column.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the head pressure of the tails distillation column is about 10 to about 60 mm Hg absolute.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the head pressure of the tails distillation column is about 20 mm Hg absolute.