What is claimed is:
1. A reforming catalyst for use in a steam reforming reaction of a hydrocarbon-based fuel, comprising:
a compound containing copper, zinc and zirconium as main components; and
manganese.
2. The reforming catalyst according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a mole number of manganese to a mole number of a sum of manganese and zirconium is within a range of about 0.1 to about 0.62.
3. The reforming catalyst according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a mole number of manganese to a mole number of a sum of manganese and zirconium is within a range of about 0.17 to about 0.5.
4. The reforming catalyst according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a mole number of copper to a mole number of a sum of copper and zinc is within a range of about 0.2 to about 0.6.
5. The reforming catalyst according to claim 1, wherein a mole ratio of copper to a mole number of a sum of copper and zinc is within a range of about 0.3 to about 0.48.
6. A monolithic catalyst comprising a reforming catalyst for a hydrocarbon-based fuel according to claim 1 coated on a surface of a monolithic honeycomb.
7. A monolithic catalyst comprising a reforming catalyst for a hydrocarbon-based fuel according to claim 2 coated on a surface of a monolithic honeycomb.
8. A monolithic catalyst comprising a reforming catalyst for a hydrocarbon-based fuel according to claim 4 coated on a surface of a monolithic honeycomb.
9. A reforming catalyst for use in a steam reforming reaction of a hydrocarbon-based fuel, comprising:
a compound containing copper, zinc and zirconium as main components; and
yttrium.
10. A monolithic catalyst comprising a reforming catalyst for a hydrocarbon-based fuel according to claim 9 coated on a surface of a monolithic honeycomb.
11. A production method for a reforming catalyst for a hydrocarbon-based fuel, comprising:
forming an oxide of copper, an oxide of zinc, an oxide of zirconium, and an oxide of manganese; and
mixing the oxide of copper, the oxide of zinc, the oxide of zirconium, and the oxide of manganese to obtain a mixed oxide.
12. The production method according to claim 11, further comprising baking the mixed oxide at a temperature of about 200 to about 700 C.
13. The production method according to claim 12, wherein the mixed oxide is baked for about 1 to about 3 hours.
14. The production method according to claim 12, further comprising:
washing and filtering the mixed oxide by maintaining the mixed oxide at a temperature of about 70 to about 90 C. for about 20 to about 60 minutes;
repeating the washing filtering;
then baking the mixed oxide; and
drying the mixed oxide material obtained by the washing and filtering by maintaining the mixed oxide at a temperature of from about 100 to about 150 C.
15. The production method according to claim 12, further comprising hydrogen-reducing the mixed oxide material after baking at a temperature of about 200 to about 400 C.
16. A production method for a reforming catalyst for a hydrocarbon-based fuel, comprising:
forming an oxide of copper, an oxide of zinc, an oxide of zirconium, and an oxide of yttrium; and
mixing the oxide of copper, the oxide of zinc, the oxide of zirconium, and the oxide of yttrium to obtain a mixed oxide.
17. The production method according to claim 16, further comprising baking the mixed oxide at a temperature of about 200 to about 700 C.
18. The production method according to claim 17, wherein the mixed oxide material is baked for about 1 to about 3 hours.
19. The production method according to claim 17, further comprising:
washing and filtering the mixed oxide by maintaining the mixed oxide at a temperature of about 70 to about 90 C. for about 20 to about 60 minutes;
repeating the washing and filtering;
then baking the mixed oxide; and
drying the mixed oxide obtained by the washing and filtering by maintaining the mixed oxide at a temperature of about 100 to about 150 C.
20. The production method according to claim 17, further comprising hydrogen-reducing the mixed oxide after baking at a temperature of about 200 to about 400 C.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A frame for an exercise bicycle for supporting a flywheel, a seat assembly and a handlebar assembly, said frame comprising:
a monoframe having an upper front end, a lower front end, and a rear end, said monoframe being a body defined by two panels rigidly attached together and defining a space therebetween;
a set of forks; and
wherein said upper front end is attached to said forks, and said lower front end is in a fixed position relative to said forks to make a rigid structure.
2. A frame as defined in claim 1, wherein:
said forks have a top end and a bottom end;
said upper front end is attached to said forks at or near said top end; and
said lower front end is attached to said forks at or near said bottom end.
3. A frame as defined in claim 1, wherein:
said upper front end is a continuation of said monoframe; and
said lower front end is a structural tube attached to said monoframe.
4. A frame as defined in claim 1, wherein:
said monoframe is a substantially hollow body defined by two panels rigidly attached together and defining a space therebetween.
5. A frame as defined in claim 4, wherein:
said panels are formed of stamped steel.
6. A frame as defined in claim 4, wherein:
said panels are seam-welded together.
7. A frame as defined in claim 4, wherein said panels form a structural support portion of the frame.
8. A frame as defined in claim 2, wherein:
said lower front end is attached to a first plate;
said bottom end of said forks is attached to said first plate;
said first plate is supported on a front base;
said rear portion of said monoframe is attached to a second plate; and
said second plate is supported on a rear base.
9. A frame as defined in claim 2, wherein:
said monoframe has a shape defined by a central body and a first extension therefrom defined by said monoframe and forming a top tube.
10. An exercise bicycle frame comprising:
a tube including:
a first wall having a first edge and a second edge;
a second wall having a third edge and a fourth edge;
a third wall connected between the first edge and the third edge;
a fourth wall connected between the second edge and the fourth edge; and
wherein a first distance between the first edge and the second edge is greater than a second distance between the third edge and the fourth edge.
11. The exercise bicycle of claim 10, further comprising:
a post including:
a first post wall having a first post edge and a second post edge;
a second post wall having a third post edge and a fourth post edge;
a third post wall connected between the first post edge and the third post edge;
a fourth post wall connected between the second post edge and the fourth post edge; and
wherein a third distance between the first post edge and the second post edge is greater than a fourth distance between the third post edge and the fourth post edge.
12. The exercise bicycle of claim 11, wherein the first distance is greater than the third distance and wherein the second distance is greater than the third distance.
13. The exercise bicycle of claim 12, wherein the first wall is parallel with the second wall.
14. The exercise bicycle of claim 13, wherein the first post wall is parallel with the second post wall.
15. The exercise bicycle of claim 14, wherein an angle between the first wall and the third wall adjacent the first edge is substantially the same as an angle between the first wall and the fourth wall adjacent the second edge.
16. The exercise bicycle of claim 12, wherein the post fits within the first wall, the second wall, the third wall and the fourth wall of the tube.
17. The exercise bicycle of claim 16, wherein the tube includes a pop pin.
18. The exercise bicycle of claim 17, wherein the post defines a plurality of apertures.
19. The exercise bicycle of claim 18, wherein the pop pin is adapted to engage one of the plurality of apertures in the post.
20. The exercise bicycle of claim 19, wherein the pop pin is adapted to positively engage at least two of the post walls with at least two of the tube walls.