1. An apparatus capable of detecting either or both of that an endo-tracheal tube for ventilation is placed correctly in a recipient or alternatively that an endo tracheal tube for ventilation is placed incorrectly in a recipient, the apparatus comprising the following elements:
(i) a processing unit for detecting impedance amplitude changes;
(ii) a measuring unit comprising at least two measuring electrodes for measuring the impedance of a body, the measuring unit being in communication with the processing unit;
(iii) a power source for the apparatus; and
(iv) a display or alarm device;
wherein, in use, a correct placement of the endo-tracheal tube in a recipient upon ventilation is indicated by the processing unit by detecting a significant change in the impedance amplitude and the incorrect placement of the endo-tracheal tube in a recipient upon ventilation is indicated by the processing unit by detecting a change in the impedance amplitude that is below a specified threshold level, and further wherein during use of said apparatus the change in the impedance amplitude is shown on the display or is indicated by the activation of the alarm.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein, in use, a correct placement of the endo-tracheal tube is indicated by the processing unit identifying a significant change in the impedance amplitude above a specified threshold level andor an incorrect placement of the endo-tracheal tube is indicated by the processing unit)by identifying a change in the impedance amplitude below the said specified threshold level, and the change in the impedance amplitude is shown on the display or is indicated by the activation of the alarm.
3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein, the specified threshold level is an impedance amplitude of 0.5 ohms.
4. An apparatus programmed to indicate the placement of an endo-tracheal tube for ventilation, the apparatus comprising the following elements:
a processing unit for identifying impedance changes upon ventilation;
a measuring unit comprising at least two measuring electrodes for measuring the impedance of a body, the measuring unit being in communication with the processing unit;
a power source for the apparatus; and
a display or alarm device,
wherein the processing unit is programmed to identify impedance changes above a specific threshold value, and wherein the processing unit is programmed to receive an impedance measurement value, and to identify if the impedance value is equal or greater than the specific threshold value, and further is programmed such that if the specified threshold value is not reached then the processing unit will activate either or both the alarm device and or the display device thereby indicating incorrect intubation of an endo tracheal tube in a recipient.
5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein the processing unit comprises a memory unit for the storage of measured, calculated and threshold values.
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein the processing unit comprises an \u201conoff \u201d switch or a three position switch comprising a first \u201coff\u201d position, a second \u201csingle measurement\u201d position, and a third \u201cmonitoring\u201d position.
7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein the specified threshold value is 0.5 ohms.
8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein the processing unit operations are repeated over a period of time in order to monitor the placement of the endo-tracheal tube for ventilation.
9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the alarm device comprises at least one of a sound emitting device and a light emitting device.
10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 wherein the apparatus further comprises a user interface is adapted for inputting reference thoracic impedance values, threshold impedance values, andor patient characteristics to the processing unit.
11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the apparatus is adapted for integration in a defibrillating device.
12. An apparatus as claimed claim 4 wherein the apparatus further comprises an endo-tracheal tube for ventilation.
13. An apparatus programmed to indicate the placement of an endo-tracheal tube for ventilation, the apparatus comprising the following elements:
a processing unit for identifying impedance changes upon ventilation;
a measuring unit comprising at least two measuring electrodes for measuring the impedance of a body, the measuring unit being in communication with the processing unit;
a power source for the apparatus; and
a display or alarm device,
wherein the processing unit is programmed to identify impedance changes above a specific threshold value, and wherein the processing unit is programmed to carry out the following steps:
receive a first impedance measurement value,
identify if there is a threshold value, if there is no threshold value adopt the first impedance measurement value as the threshold value,
receive a second impedance measurement value and then identify if the impedance value is equal to or greater than the specified threshold level, if the threshold value is not reached then the processing unit will activate at least one of the alarm device and the display device to indicate incorrect intubation.
14. An apparatus for detecting the placement of an intubation tube in a recipient, the apparatus comprising:
a source for providing a threshold value of thoracic impedance for said patient
a measuring unit comprising at least two electrodes, for measuring a thoracic impedance of said patient
a display for displaying said threshold value and the measured thoracic impedance;
wherein an indication of placement of an intubation tube is shown on said display as a change in said measured thoracic impedance as compared to said specified threshold value.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein an increase in measured thoracic impedance as compared to the threshold value indicates a correct placement of the intubation tube in a recipient.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein an decrease in measured thoracic impedance as compared to a specified threshold value indicates an incorrect placement of the intubation tube in a recipient.
17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein no change in measured thoracic impedance as compared to a specified threshold value indicates an incorrect placement of the intubation tube in a recipient.
18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein no change in measured thoracic impedance as compared to a specified threshold value indicates an correct placement of the intubation tube in a recipient.
19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said source is a memory unit.
20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said source is an input into a user interface.
21. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said threshold value is a measured value.
22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said threshold value is a calculated value.
23. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said threshold value is a reference value.
24. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the apparatus further includes an endo-tracheal tube.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A package comprising: a substrate; a pad on a substrate surface, the pad connected with a connecting pattern; a first mask on the substrate, the first mask having a first opening exposing at least a portion of the pad and a portion of the connecting pattern; a plating layer on the exposed pad and connecting pattern; and a second mask on the first mask, the second mask having a second opening exposing at least a portion of the pad and a portion of the connecting pattern, wherein a boundary surface of the first opening is not coplanar with a surface of the second opening, wherein the pad is spaced apart from the first and the second masks, the boundary surface of the first opening, including vertical edge is protected by the second mask.
2. The package of claim 1, wherein the second opening is smaller than the first opening.
3. The package of claim 1, wherein the plating layer comprises:
a nickel plating layer formed on the exposed pad and connecting pattern; and
a gold plating layer formed on the nickel plating layer.
4. The package of claim 3, wherein the distance between the first opening and the second opening is tens of \u03bcm to hundreds of \u03bcm.
5. The package of claim 1, wherein the pad is spaced apart from the first and the second masks by a circular opening within the second opening.
6. The package of claim 1, wherein the entire pad is exposed by the second opening.
7. The package of claim 6, wherein the second mask conceals the entire first mask.
8. The package of claim 1, wherein the pad is circular having a single diameter.
9. A package comprising: a substrate; a pad on a substrate surface, the pad being in electrical communication with a connecting pattern; a first mask on the substrate, the first mask exposing at least a portion of the pad and a portion of the connecting pattern; and a second mask on the first mask, the second mask exposing at least a portion of the pad and a portion of the connecting pattern, wherein the second mask is offset from the first mask, wherein the pad is spaced apart from the first and the second masks, the boundary surface of the first opening, including vertical edge is covered by the second mask.
10. The package of claim 9, wherein the second opening is smaller than the first opening.