1. A duct comprising a duct body in tubular,
wherein said duct body is comprised of a nonwoven fabric in which an adsorbent in at least one type among granular, powdery and fibrous is disposed as an intermediate layer,
wherein said duct body comprises a first fiber layer that is located on an inner circumferential side of said duct body, a second fiber layer that is located on an outer circumferential side of said duct body, and said adsorbent that is disposed between said first fiber layer and said second fiber layer, and
wherein a mass per unit area of a first fiber-integrated body comprising said first fiber layer is less than a mass per unit area of a second fiber-integrated body comprising said second fiber layer.
2. The duct according to claim 1,
wherein a ratio of said mass per unit area of said first fiber-integrated body to said mass per unit area of said second fiber-integrated body is in the range from 0.025 to 0.5.
3. The duct according to claim 1,
wherein said duct body is an integrated article of half-split molded articles consisting of said first fiber layer, said second fiber layer and said adsorbent.
4. The duct according to claim 3,
wherein a mass per unit area of a first fiber-integrated body constituting said first fiber layer is less than a mass per unit area of a second fiber-integrated body constituting said second fiber layer.
5. The duct according to claim 4,
wherein a ratio of said mass per unit area of said first fiber-integrated body to said mass per unit area of said second fiber-integrated body is in the range from 0.025 to 0.5.
6. The duct according to claim 1,
wherein said adsorbent comprises an activated carbon.
7. The duct according to claim 1,
wherein said duct is an intake duct that admits outside air into an air cleaner for a vehicle.
8. The duct according to claim 1,
wherein the first fiber layer is the innermost layer of the duct.
9. The duct according to claim 1, further comprising a third fiber layer disposed on a radially outermost surface of the second fiber layer.
10. A process for producing a duct including a tubular shape, comprising successively:
step (I) for obtaining a nonwoven fabric in which an adsorbent in at least one type among granular, powdery and fibrous is disposed as an intermediate layer, and
step (II) for processing said nonwoven fabric to form a half-split molded article,
wherein said step (I) comprises disposing an adsorbent and a second fiber-integrated body successively on a first fiber-integrated body, and bonding said first fiber-integrated body and said second fiber-integrated body,
wherein a mass per unit area of said first fiber-integrated body is less than a mass per unit area of said second fiber-integrated body.
11. The process for producing a duct according to claim 10, further comprising step (III) for joining two half-split molded articles at their longitudinal edge portions.
12. The process for producing a duct according to claim 10,
wherein a ratio of said mass per unit area of said first fiber-integrated body to said mass per unit area of said second fiber-integrated body is in the range from 0.025 to 0.5.
13. The process for producing a duct according to claim 10,
wherein said step (I) comprises disposing an adsorbent on a continuous filament web and collapsing said filament web to a bonded state.
14. The process for producing a duct according to claim 10,
wherein said step (I) comprises mixing an adsorbent into an intermediate layer of a filament web and bonding said filament web.
15. The process for producing a duct according to claim 10,
wherein said adsorbent comprises an activated carbon.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for authenticating a client computer system using Advanced Access Content System (AACS) cryptographic elements, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of permission nonces from the client computer system;
in response to receiving the plurality of permission nonces, generating a plurality of authentication permissions that includes a first set of valid authentication permissions, wherein each authentication permission corresponds to a different permission nonce included in the plurality of permission nonces, and each valid authentication permission is generated based on an Advanced Access Content System (AACS) cryptographic key and a corresponding permission nonce;
transmitting the plurality of authentication permissions to the client computer system;
receiving validation data from the client computer system that indentifies one or more authentication permissions included in the plurality of authentication permissions that the client computer system has determined to be valid; and
authenticating the client computer system only when each of the one or more authentication permissions matches a different valid authentication permission included in the first set of valid authentication permissions.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the client computer system comprises a Blu-ray Disc Java Application executing on a Blu-ray Disc Playback Device.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cryptographic key is a volume unique key generated based on a volume identifier and an Advanced Access Content System media key.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
storing the plurality of permission nonces;
determining whether any of the plurality of permission nonces are duplicates, wherein authenticating the client computer system is based at least in part on determining whether any of the plurality of permission nonces are duplicates.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a disc identifier that uniquely identifies a removable optical disk inserted into the client computer system; and
using the disc identifier to determine whether said removable optical disk has been previously used for authenticating a client computer system.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a disc identifier that uniquely identifies a removable optical disk inserted into the client computer system;
receiving a device identifier that uniquely identifies the client computer system; and
using said disc identifier and the device identifier to determine whether the removable optical disk has been previously used in the client computer system for authenticating a client computer system.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the client computer system generates the validation data by determining whether each authentication permission included in the plurality of authentication permissions was generated using the AACS cryptographic key and at least one of the permission nonces included in the plurality of permission nonces.
8. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to authenticate a client computer system using Advanced Access Content System (AACS) cryptographic elements, the method comprising:
receiving a plurality of permission nonces from the client computer system;
in response to receiving the plurality of permission nonces generating a plurality of authentication permissions that includes a first set of valid authentication permissions, wherein each authentication permission corresponds to a different permission nonce included in the plurality of permission nonces, and each valid authentication permission is generated based on an Advanced Access Content System (AACS) cryptographic key and a corresponding permission nonce;
transmitting the plurality of authentication permissions to the client computer system;
receiving validation data from the client computer system that indentifies one or more authentication permissions included in the plurality of authentication permissions that the client computer system has determined to be valid; and
authenticating the client computer system only when each of the one or more authentication permissions matches a different valid authentication permission included in the first set of valid authentication permissions.
9. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the client computer system comprises a Blu-ray Disc Java Application executing on a Blu-ray Disc Playback Device.
10. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the cryptographic key is a volume unique key generated based on a volume identifier and an Advanced Access Content System media key.
11. The computer readable medium of claim 8, further comprising:
storing the plurality of permission nonces;
determining whether any of the plurality of permission nonces are duplicates,
wherein authenticating the client computer system is based at least in part on determining whether any of the plurality of permission nonces are duplicates.
12. The computer readable medium of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a disc identifier that uniquely identifies a removable optical disk inserted into the client computer system; and
using the disc identifier to determine whether said removable optical disk has been previously used for authenticating a client computer system.
13. The computer readable medium of claim 8, further comprising:
receiving a disc identifier that uniquely identifies a removable optical disk inserted into the client computer system;
receiving a device identifier that uniquely identifies the client computer system; and
using said disc identifier and the device identifier to determine whether the removable optical disk has been previously used in the client computer system for authenticating a client computer system.
14. The computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the client computer system generates the validation data by determining whether each authentication permission included in the plurality of authentication permissions was generated using the AACS cryptographic key and at least one of the permission nonces included in the plurality of permission nonces.
15. A computer system, comprising:
a memory; and
a processor configured to:
receive a plurality of permission nonces from the client computer system;
in response to receiving the plurality of permission nonces, generate a plurality of authentication permissions that includes a first set of valid authentication permissions, wherein each authentication permission corresponds to a different permission nonce included in the plurality of permission nonces, and each valid authentication permission is generated based on an Advanced Access Content System (AACS) cryptographic key and a corresponding permission nonce,
transmit the plurality of authentication permissions to the client computer system,
receive validation data from the client computer system that indentifies one or more authentication permissions included in the plurality of authentication permissions that the client computer system has determined to be valid, and
authenticate the client computer system only when each of the one or more authentication permissions matches a different valid authentication permission included in the first set of valid authentication permissions.
16. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the client computer system comprises a Blu-ray Disc Java Application executing on a Blu-ray Disc Playback Device.
17. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the cryptographic key is a volume unique key generated based on a volume identifier and an Advanced Access Content System media key.
18. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:
store the plurality of permission nonces;
determine whether any of the plurality of permission nonces are duplicates,
wherein authenticating the client computer system is based at least in part on determining whether any of the plurality of permission nonces are duplicates.
19. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a disc identifier that uniquely identifies a removable optical disk inserted into the client computer system; and
using the disc identifier to determine whether said removable optical disk has been previously used for authenticating a client computer system.
20. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive a disc identifier that uniquely identifies a removable optical disk inserted into the client computer system;
receive a device identifier that uniquely identifies the client computer system; and
use said disc identifier and the device identifier to determine whether the removable optical disk has been previously used in the client computer system for authenticating a client computer system.
21. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the client computer system generates the validation data by determining whether each authentication permission included in the plurality of authentication permissions was generated using the AACS cryptographic key and at least one of the permission nonces included in the plurality of permission nonces.