1. A composition comprising:
a copolymer derived from polymerizing a hydrophobic monomer andor a gas-phase monomer in an aqueous medium and in the presence of a solid grade oligomer.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer is further derived from a hydrophilic monomer, wherein the hydrophilic monomer includes a carboxylic acid monomer.
3. (canceled)
4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer is derived from a hydrophobic monomer, wherein the hydrophobic monomer includes styrene, butadiene, a carboxylic acid-based hydrophobic monomer, or a mixture thereof.
5. (canceled)
6. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the hydrophobic monomer includes styrene and a (meth)acrylic acid-based hydrophobic monomer.
7. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the hydrophobic monomer includes styrene and butadiene.
8. The composition according to claim 7, wherein the copolymer is derived from 4%-80% by weight styrene, 4%-80% by weight butadiene, and 8%-25% by weight solid grade oligomer.
9. The composition according to claim 8, wherein the copolymer is derived from 25%-59% by weight styrene, 25%-59% by weight butadiene, and 8%-25% by weight solid grade oligomer.
10. The composition according to claim 7, wherein copolymer is derived from 42%-59% by weight butadiene.
11. The composition according to claim 4, wherein the hydrophobic monomer consists of butadiene.
12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer is derived from a gas-phase monomer, wherein the gas-phase monomer is selected from ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, or a mixture thereof.
13. (canceled)
14. The composition according to claim 12, wherein the gas-phase monomer includes ethylene.
15. (canceled)
16. The composition according to claim 14, wherein the copolymer is derived from ethylene and 81% or less, by weight, vinyl acetate.
17. The composition according to claim 16, wherein the copolymer is derived from 16%-41% by weight ethylene, 41%-67% by weight vinyl acetate, and 8%-25% by weight solid grade oligomer.
18. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the solid grade oligomer is derived from a vinyl aromatic monomer, wherein the vinyl aromatic monomer is selected from styrene, \u03b1-methyl styrene, or a combination thereof.
19. (canceled)
20. The composition according to claim 18, wherein the solid grade oligomer is further derived from a carboxylic acid monomer, or a salt or ester thereof.
21. The composition according to claim 20, wherein the carboxylic acid monomer includes acrylic acid.
22. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the solid grade oligomer is an amine salt of a modified acrylic copolymer, an ammonium salt of a modified acrylic copolymer, or a combination thereof.
23-24. (canceled)
25. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is an aqueous dispersion comprising the copolymer and the aqueous dispersion has a solids content of at least 50%.
26-27. (canceled)
28. An asphalt composition comprising the composition according to claim 1.
29-34. (canceled)
35. A method of preparing a copolymer, comprising:
polymerizing a hydrophobic monomer andor a gas-phase monomer in the presence of a solid grade oligomer in an aqueous medium.
36. The method according to claim 35, wherein the polymerizing step is an emulsion polymerization step.
37-60. (canceled)
61. The method according to claim 35, further comprising crosslinking the copolymer using ionic crosslinking.
62. (canceled)
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An exhaust silencer assembly for use with an auxiliary power unit, comprising:
an eductor disposed downstream of the auxiliary power unit and having an entrance opening at a forward axial end thereof, the entrance opening configured to receive exhaust airflow from the auxiliary power unit; and
a discharge pipe extending from the auxiliary power unit and communicating with the exhaust silencer assembly downstream of the entrance opening of the eductor.
2. The exhaust silencer assembly of claim 1, further comprising:
an acoustic-attenuating porous liner disposed within an interior of the eductor axially downstream of the entrance opening, the porous liner separating a radially outer plenum from a radially inner plenum of the eductor; and
an air inlet duct secured to the eductor and communicating with the outer plenum of the eductor via a cooling air inlet opening therein.
3. The exhaust silencer assembly of claim 2, wherein the discharge pipe extends through both an outer casing of the eductor and the porous liner.
4. The exhaust silencer assembly of claim 1, wherein the eductor receives a by-pass airflow from the discharge pipe, a cooling airflow from the air inlet duct, and exhaust airflow from the auxiliary power unit and has a plurality of mixing zones where the airflows are mixed therein.
5. The exhaust silencer assembly of claim 2, wherein the eductor includes a by-pass plenum disposed forward of the outer plenum, the by-pass plenum communicates with the discharge pipe and has an opening to the inner plenum that is disposed downstream of the entrance opening of the eductor.
6. The exhaust silencer assembly of claim 2, wherein the eductor includes a by-pass plenum disposed aft of the outer plenum, the by-pass plenum communicates with the discharge pipe and has an opening to the inner plenum that is disposed downstream of the entrance opening of the eductor.
7. The exhaust silencer assembly of claim 1, further comprising a by-pass plenum disposed forward of the eductor, the by-pass plenum communicates with the discharge pipe and has an opening that is disposed at or downstream of the termination of a turbine flow casing.
8. The exhaust silencer assembly of claim 1, further comprising an exhaust duct and wherein the discharge pipe communicates directly with the exhaust duct downstream of the eductor.
9. The exhaust silencer assembly of claim 8, wherein the exhaust duct receives a by-pass airflow from the discharge pipe and a by-pass mixing zone occurs downstream of the eductor in the exhaust duct.
10. An assembly, comprising:
an auxiliary power unit;
an eductor disposed downstream of the auxiliary power unit and having an entrance opening at a forward axial end thereof, the entrance opening configured to receive exhaust airflow from the auxiliary power unit, the eductor having a cooling air inlet opening therein and an acoustic-attenuating porous liner disposed within an interior thereof;
a discharge pipe extending from the auxiliary power unit and communicating with the eductor downstream of the entrance opening; and
an air inlet duct secured to the eductor and communicating with the interior thereof via the cooling air inlet opening;
wherein the eductor receives a by-pass airflow from the discharge pipe, a cooling airflow from the air inlet duct, and exhaust airflow from the auxiliary power unit.
11. The assembly of claim 10, further comprising a heat exchanger disposed along the air inlet duct.
12. The assembly of claim 10, wherein the assembly is disposed in the tail section of an aircraft.
13. The assembly of claim 10, wherein the discharge pipe extends through both an outer casing of the eductor and the porous liner.
14. The assembly of claim 10, wherein the eductor includes a by-pass plenum disposed at a forward end thereof, the by-pass plenum communicates with the discharge pipe and has an opening to the remainder of the eductor that is disposed downstream of the entrance opening.
15. The assembly of claim 10, wherein the eductor includes a by-pass plenum disposed at an aft end thereof, the by-pass plenum communicates with the discharge pipe and has an opening to the remainder of the eductor that is disposed downstream of the entrance opening.
16. The assembly of claim 10, further comprising a by-pass plenum disposed forward of the eductor, the by-pass plenum communicates with the discharge pipe and has an opening that is disposed at or downstream of the termination of a turbine flow casing.
17. The assembly of claim 10, further comprising an exhaust duct and wherein the discharge pipe communicates directly with the exhaust duct downstream of the eductor.
18. An aircraft tail section comprising:
an auxiliary power unit;
an eductor disposed downstream of the auxiliary power unit and having an entrance opening at a forward axial end thereof, the entrance opening configured to receive exhaust airflow from the auxiliary power unit, the eductor having a cooling air inlet opening therein and an acoustic-attenuating porous liner disposed within an interior thereof;
a discharge pipe extending from the auxiliary power unit and communicating with the eductor downstream of the entrance opening; and
an exhaust duct connected to the eductor at a downstream aft end therefrom, the exhaust duct directing the exhaust airflow out of the aircraft tail section.
19. The aircraft tail section of claim 18, further comprising an air inlet duct secured to the eductor and communicating with the eductor via a cooling air inlet opening therein.
20. The aircraft tail section of claim 19, wherein the eductor receives a by-pass airflow from the discharge pipe, a cooling airflow from the air inlet duct, and exhaust airflow from the auxiliary power unit.