1. Process for relaxing keratin fibres, comprising:
(i) applying to the keratin fibres a hair-relaxing composition containing at least two denaturing agents,
(ii) raising the temperature of the keratin fibres, using a heating means, to a temperature of between 110 and 250\xb0 C.
2. Process according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the composition is less than 7.
3. Process according to claim 1, wherein the hair-relaxing composition comprises an overall concentration of between 2 M and 8 M of the said denaturing agents.
4. Process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is raised to a temperature of between 140\xb0 C. and 220\xb0 C.
5. Process according to claim 1, wherein the molar mass of the denaturing agents is between 40 and 600 gmol.
6. (canceled)
7. (canceled)
8. Process according to claim 1, wherein the denaturing agents are chosen from ureas, guanidines, \u03b1-hydroxy acid and \u03b1-keto acid derivatives, mono-, di-, tri- or polyhydroxylated aromatic derivatives, cyclic or linear amides, surfactants or detergents, amidines, thioureas, urethanes, alcohols, polyols, amine oxides, metal salts, sulfamides, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and nitrogenous heterocycles of the imidazole or triazole family.
9. Process according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the denaturing agents is a urea.
10. Process according to claim 9, wherein the urea corresponds to formula (I):
in which:
R1, R2, R3 and R4 represent, independently:
(v) a hydrogen atom or
(vi) a linear or branched C1-C4 lower alkyl or alkenyl radical, optionally substituted with a radical chosen from: hydroxyl, amino, dimethylamino, carboxyl or carboxamide or N-methylcarboxamide,
when R1, R2 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom, R4 may also denote a radical chosen from: carboxamide; methoxy; ethoxy; 1,2,4-triazolyl; cyclopentyl; methoxycarbonyl; ethoxycarbonyl; CO\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014COOH; phenyl optionally substituted with a chlorine atom or a hydroxyl radical; benzyl; or 2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl,
when R1 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom, R2 may also represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl radical and R4 an acetyl radical,
when R1=R2=H, R3 and R4 may also form, with the nitrogen atom that bears them, a piperidine or 3-methylpyrazole or 3,5-dimethylpyrazole or maleimide ring,
R1 and R2 and also R3 and R4 may also form, with the nitrogen atom that bears them, an imidazole ring.
11.-13. (canceled)
14. Process according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the denaturing agents is a guanidine of general formula (III) below:
in which:
R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represent, independently:
(vii) a hydrogen atom or
(viii) a linear or branched C1-C4 lower alkyl or alkenyl radical, optionally substituted with one or two radicals chosen from: hydroxyl, amino, dimethylamino, methoxy, ethoxy, carboxyl, carboxamide, N-methylcarboxamide or SO3H,
when R1, R2 and R3 and R4 represent a hydrogen atom, R5 may also denote a radical chosen from the following: acetyl; chloroacetyl; carboxamide; methoxy; ethoxy; 1,2,4-triazolyl; cyclopentyl; methoxycarbonyl; ethoxycarbonyl; CO\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014COOH; phenyl optionally substituted with a chlorine atom or a hydroxyl radical; benzyl; thiazolidone; benzimidazole; benzoxazole; benzothiazole; or C(\u2550NH)\u2014NR6R7 in which R6 and R7 denote, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C1-C4 lower alkyl radical, optionally substituted with one or two radicals chosen from: hydroxyl, amino, dimethylamino, carboxyl or carboxamide; or N-methylcarboxamide; or alternatively a phenyl radical,
when R1=R2=R3=H, R4 and R5 may also form, with the nitrogen atom that bears them, a pyrrolidine, piperidine, pyrazole or 1,2,4-triazole ring optionally substituted with one or two radicals chosen from: hydroxyl, amino or carboxyl,
when R1=R2=H and R4=H or methyl, R3 and R5 may also together form a 5-membered ring optionally containing an oxo group,
and the organic or mineral salts thereof.
15.-18. (canceled)
19. Process according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the denaturing agents is a \u03b1-keto acid derivative of general formula (V):
R5 represents COOH, a linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with an OH, COOH or Br radical; a phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted with an OH or COOH radical; or alternatively an indolyl radical or
and the stereoisomers, organic or mineral salts and solvates thereof.
20.-33. (canceled)
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for processing radar return data to determine a physical angle, in aircraft body coordinates to a target, the radar return data including a phase difference between radar return data received at an ambiguous radar channel and a left radar channel, a phase difference between radar return data received at a right radar channel and an ambiguous radar channel, and a phase difference between radar return data received at a right radar channel and a left radar channel, said method comprising:
adjusting a phase bias for the three phase differences;
resolving phase ambiguities between the three phase differences to provide a signal; and
filtering the signal to provide a physical angle to the target in aircraft body coordinates.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein resolving phase ambiguities comprises:
determining a plurality of physical angle solutions for each received phase difference; and
determining an unambiguous physical angle based upon physical angle solutions which are approximately equal from each received phase difference.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein determining a plurality of physical angle solutions for each received phase difference comprises:
determining physical angle solutions according to \u03a6=sin\u22121(\u03b81K1), where \u03b81, is determined as \u03b81=\u03b8LA, \u03b81=(\u03b8LA\u2212360), and \u03b81=(\u03b8LA+360), K1 is (360\xd7SLA)\u03bb, where SLA is a separation between a left antenna element and an ambiguous antenna element in feet, \u03bb is a wavelength of the radar signal in feet, and \u03b8LA is a received electrical phase angle difference between a left radar channel and an ambiguous radar channel;
determining physical angle solutions according to \u03a6=sin\u22121(\u03b81K2), where \u03b81, is determined as \u03b81=\u03b8AR, \u03b81=(\u03b8AR\u2212720), \u03b81=(\u03b8AR\u2212360), \u03b81=(\u03b8AR+360), and \u03b81=(\u03b8AR+720), K2 is (360\xd7SAR)\u03bb, where SAR is a separation between an ambiguous antenna element and a right antenna element in feet, \u03bb is a wavelength of the radar signal in feet, and \u03b8AR is a received electrical phase angle difference between an ambiguous radar channel and a right radar channel; and
determining physical angle solutions according to \u03a6=sin\u22121(\u03b81K3), where \u03b81, is determined as \u03b81=\u03b8LR, \u03b81=(\u03b8LR\u22121080), \u03b81=(\u03b8LR\u2212720), \u03b81=(\u03b8LR\u2212360), \u03b81=(\u03b8LR+360), \u03b81=(\u03b8LR+720), and \u03b81=(\u03b8LR+1080), K3 is (360\xd7SLR)\u03bb, where SLR is a separation between a left antenna element and a right antenna element in feet, \u03bb is a wavelength of the radar signal in feet, and \u03b8LR is a received electrical phase angle difference between a left radar channel and a right radar channel.
4. A method according to claim 3 wherein SLA is about 0.2917 feet, SAR is about 0.7083 feet, SLR is about one foot, and \u03bb is about 0.2291 feet.
5. A processor configured to:
resolve phase ambiguities between multiple received phase difference signals by determining a plurality of physical angle solutions for each received phase difference; and
determine a physical angle in aircraft body coordinates to a target based upon the resolved phase ambiguities, the phase difference signals having been determined based upon radar return data received at each of an ambiguous radar channel, a left radar channel, and a right radar channel.
6. A processor according to claim 5 wherein to determine a physical angle in aircraft body coordinates to a target said processor is configured to determine which physical angle solutions provide an unambiguous physical angle to the target.
7. A processor according to claim 6 wherein the unambiguous physical angle is an angle which is a solution for at least one of the phase angle solutions for each received phase difference.
8. A processor according to claim 5 wherein said processor is configured to determine the plurality of phase angle solutions according to:
\u03a6=sin\u22121(\u03b81K1), where \u03b81, is determined as \u03b81=\u03b8LA, \u03b81=(\u03b8LA\u2212360), and \u03b81=(\u03b8LA+360), K1 is (360\xd7SLA)\u03bb, where SLA is a separation between a left antenna element and an ambiguous antenna element in feet, \u03bb is a wavelength of the radar signal in feet, and \u03b8LA is a received electrical phase angle difference between a left radar channel and an ambiguous radar channel;
\u03a6=sin\u22121(\u03b81K2), where \u03b81, is determined as \u03b81=\u03b8AR, \u03b81=(\u03b8AR\u2212720), \u03b81=(\u03b8AR\u2212360), \u03b81=(\u03b8AR+360), and \u03b81=(\u03b8AR+720), K2 is (360\xd7SAR)\u03bb, where SAR is a separation between an ambiguous antenna element and a right antenna element in feet, \u03bb is a wavelength of the radar signal in feet, and \u03b8AR is a received electrical phase angle difference between an ambiguous radar channel and a right radar channel; and
\u03a6=sin\u22121(\u03b81K3), where \u03b81, is determined as \u03b81=\u03b8LR, \u03b81=(\u03b8LR\u22121080), \u03b81=(\u03b8LR\u2212720), \u03b81=(\u03b8LR\u2212360), \u03b81=\u03b8LR+360), \u03b81=(\u03b8LR+720), and \u03b81=(\u03b8LR+080), K3 is (360\xd7SLR)\u03bb, where SLR is a separation between a left antenna element and a right antenna element in feet, \u03bb is a wavelength of the radar signal in feet, and \u03b8LR is a received electrical phase angle difference between a left radar channel and a right radar channel.
9. A radar signal processing circuit comprising:
a radar gate correlation circuit configured to sample radar return data from left, right, and ambiguous radar channels at a sampling rate;
a correlation bass pass filter configured to stretch the sampled radar return data to a continuous wave (CW) signal;
a mixer configured to down sample an in-phase component and a quadrature component of the CW signal to a doppler frequency;
a band pass filter centered on the doppler frequency;
a phase processor configured to receive processed radar return data from said band pass filter, said phase processor further configured to determine a phase difference between radar return data from an ambiguous channel and a left channel, a phase difference between radar return data from an right channel and the ambiguous channel, and a phase difference between radar return data from the right channel and the left channel; and
a processing unit configured to receive the three phase differences, adjust a phase bias for the three phase differences, resolve phase ambiguities between the three phase differences to provide a signal, and filtering the signal to provide a physical angle to a target in aircraft body coordinates.
10. A radar signal processing circuit according to claim 9 wherein said processing unit is configured to resolve phase ambiguities by determining a plurality of physical angle solutions for each received phase difference.
11. A radar signal processing circuit according to claim 10 wherein to provide a physical angle in aircraft body coordinates to a target said processing unit is configured to determine which physical angle solutions provide an unambiguous physical angle to the target.
12. A radar signal processing circuit according to claim 11 wherein said processing unit configured to determine an unambiguous physical angle which is an angle that provides a solution for at least one of the phase angle solutions for each received phase difference.
13. A radar signal processing circuit according to claim 10 wherein said processing unit is configured to determine a plurality of physical angle solutions for each received phase difference according to
\u03a6=sin\u22121(\u03b81K1), where (\u03b81, is determined as \u03b81=\u03b8LA, \u03b81=(\u03b8LA\u2212360), and \u03b81=(\u03b8LA+360), K1 is (360\xd7SLA)\u03bb, where SLA is a separation between a left antenna element and an ambiguous antenna element in feet, \u03bb is a wavelength of the radar signal in feet, and \u03b8LA is a received electrical phase angle difference between a left radar channel and an ambiguous radar channel;
\u03a6=sin\u22121(\u03b81K2), where \u03b81, is determined as \u03b81=\u03b8AR, \u03b81=(\u03b8AR\u2212720), \u03b81=(\u03b8AR\u2212360), \u03b81=(\u03b8AR+360), and \u03b81=(\u03b8AR720), K2 is (360\xd7SAR)\u03bb, where SAR is a separation between an ambiguous antenna element and a right antenna element in feet, \u03bb is a wavelength of the radar signal in feet, and \u03b8AR is a received electrical phase angle difference between an ambiguous radar channel and a right radar channel; and
\u03a6=sin\u22121(\u03b81K3) where \u03b81, is determined as \u03b81=\u03b8LR, \u03b81=(\u03b8LR\u22121080), \u03b81=(\u03b8LR\u2212720), \u03b81=(\u03b8LR\u2212360), \u03b81=(\u03b8LR+360), \u03b81=(\u03b8LR+720), and \u03b81=(\u03b8LR+1080), K3 is (360\xd7SLR)\u03bb, where SLR is a separation between a left antenna element and a right antenna element in feet, \u03bb is a wavelength of the radar signal in feet, and \u03b8LR is a received electrical phase angle difference between a left radar channel and a right radar channel.
14. A radar signal processing circuit according to claim 13 Wherein said processing unit is configured an SLA of about 0.2917 feet, an SAR of about 0.7083 feet, an SLR of about one foot, and \u03bb of about 0.2291 feet.