1-37. (canceled)
38. A tricyclic compound represented by Formula (Ic)
{wherein L1 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom,
R1c represents a hydrogen atom or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl,
X1c\u2014X2c\u2014X3c represents O\u2014CR7\u2550CR8 wherein R7 and R8 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, amino, mono(lower alkyl)-substituted amino, di(lower alkyl)-substituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted (lower alkanoyl)amino or S\u2014CR7\u2550CR8,
Yc represents \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CH2SO\u2014 or \u2014CH2SO2\u2014, and
R2c represents substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl} or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
39. The tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 38, wherein R1c is a hydrogen atom,
X1c\u2014X2c\u2014X3c is S\u2014CR7c\u2550CR8c (wherein R7c and R8c may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl),
Yc is \u2014CH2SO2\u2014 and
R2C is substituted or unsubstituted benzyl.
40. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises, as an active ingredient, the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 38 or 39, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
41. A method for treating irritable bowel syndrome which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 38 or 39 to a patient in need thereof.
42. A method for treating diarrhea which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 38 or 39 to a patient in need thereof.
43. A method for treating constipation which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 38 or 39 to a patient in need thereof.
44. A method for inhibiting adenosine uptake which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 38 or 39 to a patient in need thereof.
45. A tricyclic compound represented by Formula (Id)
wherein R9 represents a hydrogen atom or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl),
R1d represents a hydrogen atom, or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl,
X1d\u2014X2d\u2014X3d represents O\u2014CR7\u2550CR8 (wherein R7 and R8 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, amino, mono(lower alkyl)-substituted amino, di(lower alkyl)-substituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted (lower alkanoyl)amino) or S\u2014CR7\u2550CR8,
Yd represents \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CH2SO\u2014, or \u2014CH2SO2\u2014, and
R2d represents substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
46. The tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 45, wherein R1d is a hydrogen atom, X1d\u2014X2d\u2014X3d is S\u2014CR7d\u2550CR8d (wherein R1d and R8d may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl),
Yd represents \u2014CH2SO2\u2014 and
R9 is a hydrogen atom.
47. The tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 46, wherein R2d is substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl.
48. The tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 46, wherein R2d is substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
49. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises, as an active ingredient, the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in any of claims 45 to 48, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
50. A method for treating irritable bowel syndrome which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in any of claims 45 to 48 to a patient in need thereof.
51. A method for treating diarrhea which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in any of claims 45 to 48 to a patient in need thereof.
52. A method for treating constipation which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in any of claims 45 to 48 to a patient in need thereof.
53. A method for inhibiting adenosine uptake which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in any of claims 45 to 48 to a patient in need thereof.
54. A method for treating irritable bowel syndrome which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of a compound having an adenosine uptake inhibitory activity to a patient in need thereof.
55. A method for treating diarrhea which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of a compound having an adenosine uptake inhibitory activity to a patient in need thereof.
56. A method for treating constipation which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of a compound having an adenosine uptake inhibitory activity to a patient in need thereof.
57-77. (canceled)
78. A method for treating irritable bowel syndrome which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of a tricyclic compound represented by Formula (I)
{wherein L represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, \u2014N(R9)\u2014 (wherein R9 represents a hydrogen atom or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl), \u2014NHC(\u2550O)\u2014 or \u2014C(\u2550O)NH\u2014,
R1 represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy,
X1\u2014X2\u2014X3 represents CR5\u2550CR6\u2014CR7\u2550CR8 wherein R5, R6, R7 and R8 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, amino, mono(lower alkyl)-substituted amino, di(lower alkyl)-substituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted (lower alkanoyl)amino, N(O)m\u2550CR6\u2014CR7\u2550CR8 (wherein m represents 0 or 1), CR5\u2550CR6\u2014N(O)m\u2550CR8, CR5\u2550CR6\u2014CR7\u2550N(O)m, CR5\u2550CR6\u2014O, CR5\u2550CR6\u2014S, O\u2014CR7\u2550CR8, S\u2014CR7\u2550CR8 or O\u2014CR7\u2550N,
Y represents \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CH2SO\u2014, \u2014CH2SO2\u2014, \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014, \u2014(CH2)p\u2014(wherein p represents an integer of 0 to 2), \u2014SCH2\u2014, \u2014SOCH2\u2014,
\u2014SO2CH2\u2014 or \u2014OCH2\u2014, and
R2 represents a hydrogen atom, amino, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, mono(substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl)-substituted amino, di(substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl)-substituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group} or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.
79. A method for treating diarrhea which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 78 to a patient in need thereof.
80. A method for treating constipation which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 78 to a patient in need thereof.
81. A method for inhibiting adenosine uptake which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 78 to a patient in need thereof.
82. A method for treating irritable bowel syndrome which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of a tricyclic compound represented by Formula (Ia)
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy,
X1\u2014X2\u2014X3 represents CR5\u2550CR6\u2014CR7\u2550CR8 wherein R5, R6, R7 and R8 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, amino, mono(lower alkyl)-substituted amino, di(lower alkyl)-substituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted (lower alkanoyl)amino, N(O)m\u2550CR6\u2014CR7\u2550CR8 (wherein m represents 0 or 1), CR5\u2550CR6\u2014N(O)m\u2550CR8, CR5\u2550CR6\u2014CR7\u2550N(O)m, CR5\u2550CR6\u2014O, CR5\u2550CR6\u2014S, O\u2014CR7\u2550CR8, S\u2014CR7\u2550CR8 or O\u2014CR7\u2550N,
Ya represents \u2014CH2SO2\u2014, \u2014SCH2\u2014, \u2014SOCH2\u2014, \u2014SO2CH2\u2014 or \u2014OCH2\u2014, and
when Ya is \u2014CH2SO2\u2014, \u2014SCH2\u2014, \u2014SOCH2\u2014 or \u2014SO2CH2\u2014,
R2a represents a hydrogen atom, amino, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, mono(substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl)-substituted amino, di(substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl)-substituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalicyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, and
when Ya is \u2014OCH2\u2014,
R2a represents a hydrogen atom, amino, trifluoromethyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, mono(substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl)-substituted amino, di(substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl)-substituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted aralkylamino, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalicyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, or Formula (II)
(wherein n is 0 or 1; R3 and R4 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl, or R3 and R4 may be combined together with the adjacent carbon atom thereto to form cycloalkyl; and Q represents halogen, amino, hydroxy, or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.
83. The method for treating irritable bowel syndrome according to claim 82, wherein Ya is \u2014CH2SO2\u2014.
84. The method for treating irritable bowel syndrome according to claim 83, wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or halogen.
85. The method for treating irritable bowel syndrome according to claim 83, wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom.
86. The method for treating irritable bowel syndrome according to any of claims 82 to 85, wherein X1\u2014X2\u2014X3 is S\u2014CR7\u2550CR8.
87. The method for treating irritable bowel syndrome according to claim 86, wherein R2a is Formula (II)
88. The method for treating irritable bowel syndrome according to claim 87, wherein n is 0.
89. The method for treating irritable bowel syndrome according to claim 88, wherein R3 is methyl, R4 is trifluoromethyl, and Q is hydroxy.
90. The method for treating irritable bowel syndrome according to claim 82, wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, Ya is \u2014CH2SO2\u2014, X1\u2014X2\u2014X3 is S\u2014CR7a\u2550CR8a (wherein R7a and R8a each represents a hydrogen atom), and R2a is Formula (III)
91. A method for treating diarrhea which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 82 to a patient in need thereof.
92. A method for treating constipation which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 82 to a patient in need thereof.
93. A method for inhibiting adenosine uptake which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 82 to a patient in need thereof.
94. A method for treating diarrhea which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 90 to a patient in need thereof.
95. A method for treating constipation which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 90 to a patient in need thereof.
96. A method for inhibiting adenosine uptake which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 90 to a patient in need thereof.
97. A method for treating irritable bowel syndrome which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of a tricyclic compound represented by Formula (Ib)
wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy,
X1\u2014X2\u2014X3 represents CR5\u2550CR6\u2014CR7\u2550CR8 wherein R5, R6, R7 and R8 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, amino, mono(lower alkyl)-substituted amino, di(lower alkyl)-substituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy, or substituted or unsubstituted (lower alkanoyl)amino, N(O)m\u2550CR6\u2014CR7\u2550CR8 (wherein m represents 0 or 1), CR5\u2550CR6\u2014N(O)m\u2550CR8, CR5\u2550CR6\u2014CR7\u2550N(O)m, CR5\u2550CR6\u2014O, CR5\u2550CR6\u2014S, O\u2014CR7\u2550CR8, S\u2014CR7\u2550CR8 or O\u2014CR7\u2550N,
Yb represents \u2014CH2O\u2014, \u2014CH2S\u2014, \u2014CH2SO\u2014, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014 or
\u2014(CH2)p\u2014 (wherein p has the same meaning as defined above), and
R2b represents Formula (III)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.
98. The method for treating irritable bowel syndrome according to claim 97, wherein X1\u2014X2\u2014X3 is S\u2014CR7\u2550CR8.
99. The method for treating irritable bowel syndrome according to claim 98, wherein Yb is \u2014CH2S\u2014.
100. A method for treating diarrhea which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 97 to a patient in need thereof.
101. A method for treating constipation which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 97 to a patient in need thereof.
102. A method for inhibiting adenosine uptake which comprises a step of administering an effective amount of the tricyclic compound or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof described in claim 97 to a patient in need thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A bonding material comprising a metal particle precursor comprising particles of a metal oxide having an average particle diameter of not less than 1 \u03bcm and not more than 50 \u03bcm and a reducing agent comprising a metal carboxylate having a melting point of 200\xb0 C. or more, wherein content of the metal particle precursor is more than 50 parts by mass and not more than 99 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the bonding material, and wherein content of the reducing agent is 1 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the metal particle precursor.
2. The bonding material according to claim 1, wherein the metal oxide is an oxide of one of gold, silver, and copper.
3. A paste bonding material comprising a metal particle precursor comprising particles of a metal oxide having an average particle diameter of not less than 1 \u03bcm and not more than 50 \u03bcm, a reducing agent comprising a metal carboxylate having a melting point of 200\xb0 C. or more, and a solvent, wherein content of the reducing agent is 1 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the metal particle precursor.
4. A bonding method comprising arranging a bonding material comprising a metal particle precursor comprising particles of a metal oxide having an average particle diameter of not less than 1 \u03bcm and not more than 50 \u03bcm and a reducing agent comprising a metal carboxylate having a melting point of 200\xb0 C. or more, wherein content of the reducing agent is 1 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the metal particle precursor between an electrode of a semiconductor device and a metal member, and bonding the electrode of the semiconductor device and the metal member together by heating at a temperature lower than the melting temperature of the metal carboxylate and pressurization.
5. The bonding method according to claim 4, wherein heat of not less than 40\xb0 C. and not more than 400\xb0 C. and a pressure of more than 0 MPa and less than 10 MPa are applied.
6. The bonding method according to claim 4, wherein the metal particle precursor is reduced by the heating to produce a metal particle having an average particle diameter of not more than 100 nm.
7. The bonding material according to claim 1, further comprising scaly silver and thermosetting resin.
8. The bonding method according to claim 4, wherein the heating and pressurization provide a sintered metal layer bonding the electrode of the semiconductor device and the metal member together.
9. The bonding method according to claim 8, wherein the sintered metal layer comprises metal particles having particle diameters of 100 nm or less.
10. The bonding method according to claim 9, wherein heat of not more than 200\xb0 C. is applied.
11. The bonding method according to claim 9, wherein the metal particles do not have an organic substance on their surfaces.
12. The bonding method according to claim 9, wherein the metal carboxylate is silver acetate.
13. The bonding material according to claim 1, wherein the metal carboxylate is silver acetate.
14. The paste bonding material according to claim 3, wherein the metal carboxylate is silver acetate.