1. A pipe joint for coupling a first end of a first pipe member and a second end of a second pipe member, the pipe joint comprising:
a joint main body having a substantially tubular shape and defining a first opening at its first end for receiving the first pipe member and a second opening at its second end, the joint main body including a tapered hole portion defining a tapered hole axially between the first end and the second end, wherein the first opening is in communication with the second opening through the tapered hole, and a diameter of the tapered hole reduces toward the first opening;
a union nut having a substantially tubular shape and defining a first opening at its first end and a second opening at its second end for receiving the second pipe member, the first end of the union nut connectable with the second end of the joint main body, the union nut including a tapered hole portion defining a tapered hole axially between the first end and the second end, wherein the first opening is in communication with the second opening through the tapered hole, and a diameter of the tapered hole reduces toward the second opening; and
a lock ring having a tubular wall that has a substantially tubular shape and has hardness less than that of the joint main body and the union nut,
wherein the tubular wall has a first axial end defining a first opening for receiving the first end of the first pipe member and a second axial end defining a second opening for receiving the second end of the second pipe member, and the first and second axial ends are deformable according to a compression force in an axial direction,
wherein the lock ring further has a first tapered opening portion and a second tapered opening portion in a radial inside of the tubular wall, the first tapered opening portion and the second tapered opening portion are opposite in the axial direction and define an opening in a radial inside thereof for allowing communication between the first pipe member and the second pipe member,
wherein the first tapered opening portion has a first radial outer surface that is spaced from an inner surface of the tubular wall and provides a first groove between itself and the inner surface of the tubular wall for receiving the first end of the first pipe member, and the first radial outer surface is inclined relative to an axis of the tubular wall such that a distance between the inner surface of the tubular wall and the first radial outer surface reduces toward an end of the first groove,
wherein the second tapered opening portion has a second radial outer surface that is spaced from the inner surface of the tubular wall and provides a second groove between itself and the inner surface of the tubular wall for receiving the second end of the second pipe member, and the second radial outer surface is inclined relative to the axis of the tubular wall such that a distance between the inner surface of the tubular wall and the second radial outer surface reduces toward an end of the second groove, and
wherein the lock ring is received in a radial inside of the joint main body and the union nut such that a radial outer edge of the first axial end of the tubular wall is contactable with the tapered hole portion of the joint main body and a radial outer edge of the second axial end of the tubular wall is contactable with the tapered hole portion of the union nut.
2. The pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein
the lock ring is configured such that a radial inner edge of the first axial end of the tubular wall is contactable with an outer surface of the first pipe member and a radial inner edge of the first axial end of the tubular wall is contactable with an outer surface of the second pipe member in a condition that the first end of the first pipe member and the second end of the second pipe member are disposed in the first axial end and the second axial end of the tubular wall, respectively.
3. The pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein
the first tapered opening portion of the lock ring is configured to deform a radial inner edge of the first end of the first pipe member such that the radial inner edge of the first end of the first pipe member is in contact with the radial outer surface of the first tapered opening portion and a radial outer edge of the first end of the first pipe member is in contact with the inner surface of the tubular wall and
the second tapered opening portion of the lock ring is configured to deform a radial inner edge of the second end of the second pipe member such that the radial inner edge of the second end of the second pipe member is in contact with the radial outer surface of the second tapered opening portion and a radial outer edge of the second end of the second pipe member is in contact with the inner surface of the tubular wall.
4. The pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein
the first axial end and the second axial end of the tubular wall of the lock ring are curved relative to the axis of the tubular wall such that the tubular wall has a substantially bow-shape in a cross-section defined in a direction parallel to the axis of the tubular wall, and
the first and second axial ends of the tubular wall are expandable in a radial direction according to the compression force in the axial direction.
5. The pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein
the lock ring has an intermediate projection projecting from the inner surface of the tubular wall in a radial inside direction and defining an opening at its radial inside, and.
the first tapered opening portion and the second tapered opening portion extend from a radial inside end of the intermediate projection in axially opposite directions.
6. The pipe joint according to claim 5, wherein
the intermediate projection has a first axial face providing the end of the first groove and a second axial face providing the end of the second groove.
7. The pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein
the joint main body has a first screwed portion on an outer peripheral surface of its second end,
the union nut has a second screwed portion on an inner peripheral surface of its first end, and
the first end of the union nut is fastened on the second end of the joint main body through the first and second screwed portions.
8. The pipe joint according to claim 7, wherein
the joint main body has a flange portion expanding in a radially outward direction,
the union nut has an axial end face at the first end thereof, and
the axial end face of the union nut is opposed to the flange portion of the joint main body in the axial direction.
9. The pipe joint according to claim 8, wherein
the axial end face of the union nut is received by the flange portion so as to restrain an axial distance between the tapered hole portion of the joint main body and the tapered hole portion of the union nut such that the first and second axial ends of the tubular wall of the lock ring are maintained in a predetermined deformed condition.
10. The pipe joint according to claim 8, wherein
in a condition that the axial end face of the union nut is in contact with the flange portion of the joint main body, the first and second axial ends of the tubular wall of the lock ring are deformed such that radial inside edges of the first and second axial ends are deformed to be constricted in a radially inward direction.
11. The pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein
the lock ring is configured such that a radial outer surface of the first axial end of the tubular wall is in contact with the tapered hole portion of the joint main body, the radial inner edge of the first axial end of the tubular wall is engaged with an outer peripheral surface of the first pipe member, a radial outer surface of the second axial end of the tubular wall is in contact with the tapered hole portion of the union nut, and the radial inner edge of the second axial end of the tubular wall is engaged with an outer peripheral surface of the second pipe member, in a condition that the first end of the first pipe member and the second end of the second pipe member are received in the first groove and the second groove of the lock ring.
12. The pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein the first and second tapered opening portions are disposed in a substantially middle position of the tubular wall with respect to the axial direction.
13. The pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein
the lock ring is configured such that the first and second axial ends of the tubular wall are deformed by the tapered hole portions of the joint main body and the union nut, respectively, to bite into the first and second pipe members, and the first and second ends of the first and second pipe members are urged into the first and second grooves by deformation of the first and second axial ends of the tubular wall while deforming radial inner edges of the first and second ends of the first and second pipe members along the first and second radial outer surfaces of the first and second tapered opening portions, respectively, as an axial distance between the tapered hole portion of the joint main body and the tapered hole portion of the union nut reduces.
14. The pipe joint according to claim 1, wherein
the joint main body, the union nut and the lock ring are metallic members, and
the lock ring has hardness greater than that of the first and second pipe members.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for controlling a device including a selective electron or hole transporting layer, the method comprising selectively controlling mobility of electrons or holes by using an N-type or P-type doped carbon-nanostructure.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon-nanostructure includes a graphite structure.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the carbon-nanostructure is selected from the group consisting of graphene, carbon nanotube, carbon nanowire, graphite, fullerene, graphene quantum dot, and graphene nanoribbon.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the P-type doped carbon-nanostructure increases the mobility of holes and decreases the mobility of electrons in the hole transporting layer.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the N-type doped carbon-nanostructure increases the mobility of electrons and decreases the mobility of holes in the electron transporting layer.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the carbon-nanostructure is carbon nanotube.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the carbon nanotube is multi-wall carbon nanotube.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a light emitting device.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a solar cell or a thin film transistor.
10. A light emitting device comprising a selective electron or hole transporting layer, wherein the selective electron or hole transporting layer includes triad- or pentad-doped carbon-nanostructure.
11. The light emitting device of claim 10, wherein the carbon-nanostructure is carbon nanotube, the triad is boron, and the pentad is nitrogen.
12. The light emitting device of claim 11, wherein the carbon nanotube is multi-wall carbon nanotube.
13. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the selective hole transporting layer includes a triad-doped carbon nanotube to increase the mobility of holes in the selective hole transporting layer.
14. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the selective electron transporting layer includes a pentad-doped carbon nanotube to increase the mobility of electrons in the selective electron transporting layer.
15. A light emitting device comprising an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer, wherein at least one of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer includes a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube or a boron-doped carbon nanotube.
16. The light emitting device of claim 15, wherein the electron transport layer includes a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube.
17. The light emitting device of claim 15, wherein the hole transport layer includes a boron-doped carbon nanotube.
18. A light emitting device comprising:
an electron transport layer;
a hole transport layer;
an active layer disposed between the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer; and
a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube layer disposed between the electron transport layer and the active layer.
19. The light emitting device of claim 18, wherein the nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube increases movement of electrons to the active layer and decreases movement of holes at the same time.
20. A light emitting device comprising:
an electron transport layer;
a hole transport layer;
an active layer disposed between the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer; and
a boron-doped carbon nanotube layer disposed between the hole transport layer and the active layer.
21. The light emitting device of claim 20, wherein the boron-doped carbon nanotube increases movement of holes to the active layer and decreases mobility of electrons at the same time.