1. A light emitting device including an organic light emitting layer disposed on a substrate and first and second electrodes between which said organic light emitting layer is disposed on said substrate, comprising:
said first electrode formed on the side of said substrate of said organic light emitting layer;
said second electrode being formed on the opposite side to said substrate of said organic light emitting layer;
a buffer layer disposed between said second electrode and said organic light emitting layer and mainly made of oxide having a smaller quantity of oxygen generated in decomposition upon formation of said buffer layer than that of oxygen generated in decomposition upon formation of said second electrode; and
a light scattering layer disposed on a light out-coupling side of said light emitting layer and having an average refractive index smaller than a refractive index of said light emitting layer, said second electrode layer, and said buffer layer,
said substrate being made of metal,
wherein a refractive index of said light emitting layer is not less than 1.7, and
wherein the average refractive index of the light scattering layer is smaller than 1.5.
2. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein:
said second electrode is made of oxide containing indium oxide as main material, and said buffer layer is made of material containing vanadium oxide as main component.
3. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein:
said buffer layer is mainly made of material having generated Gibbs energy near a melting point smaller than \u2212300 KJmol.
4. A light emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising: an auxiliary electrode disposed on said second electrode and having an electric resistance smaller than that of said second electrode.
5. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: said light scattering layer includes a medium transparent to visible light and transparent substances contained in said transparent medium and made of transparent particles or bubbles having a refractive index different from that of said medium.
6. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: said light scattering layer is disposed or piled on said second electrode through a protection layer.
7. A lighting device comprising a light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein: said second electrode is transmissible to visible light; a convex portion is formed on the side where said organic light emitting layer is formed, of said substrate at periphery of an area where said organic light emitting layer is formed; and said metal substrate is bonded to a transparent sealing member at said convex portion.
8. A lighting device according to claim 7, wherein:
the height of said convex portion of said metal substrate being larger than a total thickness of said light emitting layer, said first electrode, said second electrode and said light scattering layer.
9. A display device including a display panel for forming image by controlling a transmission factor of light coming from at least the back thereof and a light emitting device according to claim 1 disposed at the back of said display panel, wherein: said display panel includes a transparent substrate having the light transmission characteristic, said second electrode is transmissible to visible light and formed on light out-coupling side corresponding to the opposite side to said substrate of said light emitting layer, and said substrate on which said light emitting layer is formed is bonded to said transparent substrate of said display panel so that vacant space is formed between said light scattering layer and said transparent substrate of said display panel.
10. A display device according to claim 9, wherein: a convex portion is formed on the side where said organic light emitting layer is formed, of said substrate at periphery of an area where said organic light emitting layer is formed, and said metal substrate is bonded to said transparent substrate of said display panel at said convex portion.
11. A light emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising: an uneven portion having height of 0.5 to 5 \u03bcm and formed on the surface of said substrate.
12. A light emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising: an uneven portion formed on the surface of said substrate; and an insulating film formed into laminated structure of an insulating layer made of organic material and an insulating layer made of inorganic material and disposed between said first electrode and said substrate.
13. A light emitting device according to claim 12, wherein: said insulating layer, said first electrode, said organic light emitting layer and said second electrode are formed in a corresponding manner to the uneven shape of the surface of said substrate.
14. A light emitting device according to claim 12, further comprising: an insulating layer having a plurality of openings and formed between said first electrode and said organic light emitting layer, and wherein said openings of said insulating layer are formed in a corresponding manner to depressed portions of the surface of said substrate.
15. A light emitting device according to claim 1, further comprising: an insulating layer having a plurality of openings, said organic light emitting layer and said second electrode being formed into laminated structure on said substrate, and a microlens array formed on said second electrode and having the centers of lenses thereof aligned with said openings of said insulating layer as observed from the front of said device.
16. A light emitting device according to claim 15, further comprising: a transparent layer disposed between said second electrode and said microlens array and having a refractive index equal to that of said second electrode or said microlens array or equal to an intermediate value between said second electrode and said microlens array.
17. A light emitting layer according to claim 1, wherein a thickness of the light scattering layer is greater than 20 \u03bcm and less than 100 \u03bcm.
18. A light emitting device including an organic light emitting layer disposed on a substrate and first and second electrodes between which said organic light emitting layer is disposed on said substrate, comprising: said first electrode formed on the side of said substrate of said organic light emitting layer;
said second electrode being formed on the opposite side to said substrate of said organic light emitting layer; a buffer layer disposed between said second electrode and said organic light emitting layer and mainly made of oxide having a smaller quantity of oxygen generated in decomposition upon formation of said buffer layer than that of oxygen generated in decomposition upon formation of said second electrode; and a light scattering layer disposed on a light out-coupling side of said light emitting layer and having an average refractive index smaller than a refractive index of said light emitting layer, said second electrode layer, and said buffer, said substrate being made of metal, wherein a refractive index of said light emitting layer is not less than 1.7, and wherein the average refractive index of the light scattering layer is smaller than 1.5, said light emitting device further comprising: an uneven portion formed on the surface of said substrate; an insulating film formed between said substrate and said first electrode; and an uneven portion formed on a surface of said insulating film at a side adjacent to said substrate.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for use in observed time difference of arrival timing-based determination of position of a user equipment of a cellular communication system, said method comprising:
measuring a first timing value for timing-based positioning calculation on the basis of a first positioning-related signal at a first time;
measuring a second timing value for timing-based positioning calculation on the basis of a second positioning-related signal at a second time;
deriving movement information indicative of a movement of the user equipment to be positioned during a time interval from the first time to the second time; and
signaling the measured first timing value, the measured second timing value, and the derived movement information towards a base station or access node of said system for use in observed time difference of arrival timing-based positioning calculation,
wherein deriving the movement information comprises:
determining a movement measure of the movement of the user equipment to be positioned during the time interval; and
defining the movement information as a non-movement indication when an absolute value of the determined movement measure is equal to or smaller than a movement threshold, and defining the movement information as a movement indication andor a move milt property, including at least two of amount, speed, acceleration and direction of the movement of the user equipment to be positioned, when an absolute value of the determined movement measure is larger than the movement threshold.
2. (canceled)
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the movement information is derived from sensor data of at least one sensor mounted at the user equipment to be positioned, and
the at least one sensor comprises at least one of an accelerometer sensor, a gyroscope sensor and a magnetometer sensor.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first and second positioning-related signals comprise time division signals, and the first and second timing values are measured for different time periods of the first and second positioning-related signals, andor
the first and second positioning-related signals comprise frequency division signals, and the first and second timing values are measured for different frequency bands of the first and second positioning-related signals.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the first and second positioning-related signals comprise positioning reference signals from one of a serving cell of the user equipment to be positioned and a neighboring cell of the serving cell, respectively, andor
the first timing value andor the second timing value is measured by using one of an intra-frequency or single-carrier measurement, an inter-frequency or multiple-carrier measurement and a measurement on carrier aggregation component, andor
the method is operable at or by a user equipment, mobile station or modem, andor
the method is operable at or by a user equipment, mobile station or modem operable in time division duplex or frequency division duplex, andor
the method is operable in at least one of a LTE and a LTE-A cellular system.
6. A method for use in observed time difference of arrival timing-based determination of position of a user equipment of a cellular communication system, said method comprising, at a base station or access node of said system:
receiving, from said user equipment, a first timing value for timing-based positioning calculation relating to a first time, a second timing relating to a second time, and movement information indicative of a movement of user equipment to be positioned during a time interval from the first time to the second time; and
performing observed time difference of arrival timing-based positioning calculation relating to the user equipment to be positioned on the basis of the received first timing value, second timing value, and movement information,
wherein the movement information comprises a movement properly; including at least two of amount, speed, acceleration and direction of the movement of the user equipment to be positioned, and performing the timing-based positioning calculation comprises;
calculating a first timing-based positioning result on the basis of the first timing value; calculating a second timing-based positioning result on the basis of the second timing value;
evaluating probabilities of the first and second timing-based positioning results in accordance with the movement property; and
calculating a final timing-based positioning result for the user equipment to be positioned as an area of probability of the position thereof on the basis of the evaluated probabilities of the calculated first and second timing-based positioning results.
7. (canceled)
8. (canceled)
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein evaluating the probabilities of the first and second timing-based positioning results comprises:
weighting the probability of a newer positioning result with a higher weight than the probability of an older positioning result.
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein performing timing-based positioning calculation comprises:
combining a timing-based positioning result with map information, and
determining the position of the user equipment to be positioned on the basis of the timing-based positioning result such that it is located on a track on a map according to the map information at a track position with highest probability.
11. The method according to claim 6, wherein:
the method further comprises forwarding the received movement information to at least one of an emergency-related network entity and a public safety-related network entity, andor
the method is operable at or by a network entity responsible for positioning calculation, andor
the method is operable at or by a serving mobile location center, andor
the method is operable in at least one of a LTE and a LTE-A cellular system.
12. An apparatus for use in observed time difference of arrival timing-based determination of position of a user equipment of a cellular communication system, said apparatus comprising a processing system configured to cause the apparatus to, at said user equipment:
measure a first timing value for timing-based positioning calculation on the basis of a first positioning-related signal at a first time;
measure a second timing value for timing-based positioning calculation on the basis of a second positioning-related signal at a second time;
derive movement information indicative of a movement of the user equipment to be positioned during a time interval from the first time to the second time; and
signal the measured first timing value, the measured second timing value and the derived movement information towards a base station or access node of said system for use in observed time difference of arrival timing-based positioning calculation for timing-based positioning calculation, wherein the processing system is configured to cause the apparatus to, at the user equipment:
determine a movement measure of the movement of the user equipment to be positioned during the time interval;
define the movement information as a non-movement indication when an absolute value of the determined movement measure is equal to or smaller than a movement threshold; and
define the movement information as a movement indication andor a movement property, including at least two of amount, speed, acceleration and direction of the movement of the user equipment to be positioned, when an absolute value of the determined movement measure is larger than the movement threshold.
13. (canceled)
14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein:
the processing system is configured to cause the apparatus to derive the movement information from sensor data of at least one sensor mounted at the user equipment to be positioned, and
wherein the at least one sensor comprises at least one of an accelerometer sensor, a gyroscope sensor and a magnetometer sensor.
15. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein
the first and second positioning-related signals comprise time division signals, and the processing system is configured to cause the apparatus to measure the first and second timing values for different time periods of the first and second positioning-related signals, andor
the first and second positioning-related signals comprise frequency division signals, and the processing system is configured to cause the apparatus to measure the first and second timing values for different frequency hands of the first and second positioning-related signals.
16. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein:
the first and second positioning-related signals comprise positioning reference signals from one of a serving cell of the user equipment to be positioned and a neighboring cell of the serving cell, respectively, andor
the processing system is configured to cause the apparatus to measure the first timing value andor the second timing value by using one of an intra-frequency or single-carrier measurement, an inter-frequency or multiple-carrier measurement and a measurement on carrier aggregation components, andor
the apparatus is operable as or at a user equipment, mobile station or modem, andor
the apparatus is operable as or at a user equipment, mobile station or modem operable in time division duplex or frequency division duplex, andor
the apparatus is operable in at least one of a LIT and a LTE-A cellular system.
17. An apparatus for use in observed time difference of arrival timing-based determination of position of a user equipment of a cellular communication system, said apparatus comprising a processing system configured to cause the apparatus to at a base station or access node of said system:
receive, from said user equipment, a first timing value for timing-based positioning calculation relating to a first time, a second timing relating to a second time, and movement information indicative of a movement of the user equipment to be positioned during a time interval from the first time to the second time; and
perform observed time difference of arrival timing-based positioning calculation relating to the user equipment to be positioned on the basis of the received first timing value, second timing value, and movement information, wherein the movement information comprises a movement property, including at least two of amount, speed, acceleration and direction of the movement of the user terminal to be positioned, and the processing system is configured to cause the apparatus to:
calculate a first timing-based positioning result on the basis of the first timing value;
calculate a second timing-based positioning result on the basis of the second timing value;
evaluate probabilities of the first an second timing-based positioning results in accordance with the movement property; and
calculate a final timing-based positioning result for the user equipment to be positioned as au area of probability of the position thereof on the basis of the evaluated probabilities of the calculated first and second timing-based positioning results.
18. (canceled)
19. (canceled)
20. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the processing system is configured to cause the apparatus to:
weight the probability of a newer positioning result with a higher weight than the probability of an older positioning result.
21. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the processing system is configured to cause the apparatus to:
combine a timing-based positioning result with map information, and
determine the position of the user terminal to be positioned on the basis of the timing-based positioning result such that it is located on a track on a map according to the map information at a track position with highest probability.
22. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, the processing system is configured to cause the apparatus to forward the received movement information to at least one of an emergency-related network entity and a public safety-related network entity, andor
the apparatus is operable as or at a network entity responsible for positioning calculation, andor
the apparatus is operable as or at a serving mobile location center, andor
the apparatus is operable in at least one of a LTE and a LTE-A cellular system.
23. (canceled)
24. The method according to claim 6, wherein, when the movement information comprises a non-movement indication, and performing the timing-based positioning calculation comprises:
calculating a first timing-based positioning result on the basis of the first timing value;
calculating a second timing-based positioning result on the basis of the second timing value; and
calculating a final timing-based positioning result for the user equipment to be positioned as an area of probability of the position thereof on the basis of the calculated first and second timing-based positioning results.
25. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein, when the movement information comprises a non-movement indication, the processing system is configured to cause the apparatus to:
calculate a first timing-based positioning result on the basis of the first timing value;
calculate a second timing-based positioning result on the basis of the second timing value; and
calculate a final timing-based positioning result for the user terminal to be positioned as an area of probability of the position thereof on the basis of the calculated first and second timing-based positioning results.
26. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon for use in observed time difference of arrival timing-based determination of position of a user equipment of a cellular communication system, the computer readable instructions being executable by a computerized device to cause the computerized device to:
measure a first timing value for timing-based positioning calculation on the basis of a first positioning-related signal at a first time;
measure a second timing value for timing-based positioning calculation on the basis of a second positioning-related signal at a second time;
derive movement information indicative of a movement of the user equipment to be positioned during a time interval from the first time to the second time; and
signal the measured first timing value, the measured second timing value and the derived movement information towards a base station or access node of said system for use in observed time difference of arrival timing-based positioning calculation,
wherein deriving the movement information comprises:
determining a movement measure of the movement of the user equipment to be positioned during the time interval; and
defining the movement information as a non-movement indication when an absolute value of the determined movement measure is equal to or smaller than a movement threshold, and defining the movement information as a movement indication andor a movement property, including at least two of amount, speed, acceleration and direction of the movement of the user equipment to be positioned, when an absolute value of the determined movement measure is larger than the movement threshold.
27. The computer program product according to claim 26, wherein:
the movement information is derived from sensor data of at least one sensor mounted at the user equipment to be positioned, and
the at least one sensor comprises at least one of an accelerometer sensor, a gyroscope sensor and a magnetometer sensor.
28. The computer program product according to claim 26, wherein:
the first and second positioning-related signals comprise time division signals, and the first and second timing values are measured for different time periods of the first and second positioning-related signals, andor
the first and second positioning-related signals comprise frequency division signals, and the first and second timing values are measured for different frequency bands of the first and second positioning-related signals.
29. The computer program product according to claim 26, wherein:
the first and second positioning-related signals comprise positioning reference signals from one of a serving cell of the user equipment to be positioned and a neighboring cell of the serving cell, respectively, andor
the first timing value andor the second timing value is measured by using one of an intra-frequency or single-carrier measurement, an inter-frequency or multiple-carrier measurement and a measurement on carrier aggregation component, andor
the computer readable instructions are operable at or by a user equipment, mobile station or modem, andor
the computer readable instructions are operable at or by a user equipment, mobile station or modem operable in time division duplex or frequency division duplex, andor
the computer readable instructions are operable in at least one of a LIE and a LTE-A cellular system.
30. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon for use in observed time difference of arrival timing-based determination of position of a user equipment of a cellular communication system, the computer readable instructions being executable by a computerized device to cause the computerized device to:
receive, from said user equipment, a first timing value for timing-based positioning calculation relating to a first time, a second timing relating to a second time, and movement information indicative of a movement of the user equipment to be positioned during a time interval from the first time to the second time; and
perform observed time difference of arrival timing-based positioning calculation relating to the user equipment to be positioned on the basis of the received first timing value, second timing value, and movement information,
wherein the movement information comprises a movement property, including at least two of amount, speed, acceleration and direction of the movement of the user equipment to be positioned, and performing the timing-based positioning calculation comprises:
calculating a first timing-based positioning result on the basis of the first timing value;
calculating a second timing-based positioning result on the basis of the second timing value;
evaluating probabilities of the first and second timing-based positioning results in accordance with the movement property; and
calculating a final timing-based positioning result for the user equipment to be positioned as an area of probability of the position thereof on the basis of the evaluated probabilities of the calculated first and second timing-based positioning results.
31. The computer program product according to claim 30, wherein, when the movement information comprises a non-movement indication, and performing the timing-based positioning calculation comprises causing the computerized device to:
calculate a first timing-based positioning result on the basis of the first timing value;
calculate a second timing-based positioning result on the basis of the second timing value; and
calculate a final timing-based positioning result for the user equipment to be positioned as an area of probability of the position thereof on the basis of the calculated first and second timing-based positioning results.
32. The computer program product according to claim 30, wherein evaluating the probabilities of the first and second timing-based positioning results comprises causing the computerized device to weight the probability of a newer positioning result with a higher weight than the probability of an older positioning result.
33. The computer program product according to claim 30, wherein performing timing-based positioning calculation comprises causing the computerized device to:
combine a timing-based positioning result with map information; and
determine the position of the user equipment to be positioned on the basis of the timing-based positioning result such that it is located on a track on a map according to the map information at a track position with highest probability.
34. The computer program product according to claim 30, further causing the computerized device to:
forward the received movement information to at least one of an emergency-related network entity and a public safety-related network entity, andor
the computer readable instructions are operable at or by a network entity responsible for positioning calculation, andor
the computer readable instructions are operable at or by a serving mobile location center, andor
the computer readable instructions are operable in at least one of a LTE and a LTE-A cellular system.