1. A drilling fluid for reducing circulation loss consisting essentially of a liquid carrier, and a mixture of lignite, phenol-formaldehyde resin solids, and fibrous particles, wherein the liquid carrier is an oil based or synthetic drilling mud consisting essentially of a continuous oil phase, wherein any aqueous phase in the oil based or synthetic drilling mud is internal, and the mixture is added to the liquid carrier at a concentration of between 1 and 50 pounds per barrel of liquid carrier, said mixture comprising between 15 and 35 parts by weight lignite, between 15 and 35 parts by weight phenol-formaldehyde resin solids, and between 35 and 65 parts by weight fibrous particles.
2. The drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein the mixture comprises between 20 and 30 parts by weight lignite, between 20 and 30 parts by weight phenol-formaldehyde resin solids, and between 40 and 60 parts by weight fibrous particles.
3. The drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein the mixture comprises between 22 and 28 parts by weight lignite, between 22 and 28 parts by weight phenol-formaldehyde resin solids, and between 45 and 55 parts by weight fibrous particles.
4. The drilling fluid of claim 1 wherein the mixture is added at a concentration of between 5 and 20 pounds per barrel of drilling fluid.
5. The drilling fluid of claim 2 wherein the mixture is added at a concentration of between 5 and 20 pounds per barrel of drilling fluid.
6. A method for drilling a subterranean well comprising the steps of:
cutting a borehole into the earth using a drill string; and
circulating a synthetic or oil based drilling fluid into the drill string wherein the drilling fluid consists essentially of a liquid carrier, and an additive of lignite, phenol-formaldehyde resin solids, and fibrous particles, wherein the liquid carrier is an oil based or synthetic drilling mud consisting essentially of a continuous oil phase wherein any aqueous phase is internal, and the mixture is added to the liquid carrier at a concentration of between 1 and 50 pounds per barrel of liquid carrier, said mixture comprising between 15 and 35 parts by weight lignite, between 15 and 35 parts by weight phenol-formaldehyde resin solids, and between 35 and 65 parts by weight fibrous particles.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the additive is added to the drilling fluid at a concentration of between 1 and 30 pounds per barrel of drilling fluid.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the additive is added to the drilling fluid at a concentration of between 5 and 15 pounds per barrel of drilling fluid.
9. A method for substantially inhibiting fluid loss in subterranean drilling operations comprising:
mixing an additive, into an oil based or synthetic drilling fluid consisting essentially of a continuous oil phase wherein any aqueous phase in the oil based or synthetic drilling mud is internal, at a concentration between 1 and 50 pounds of the additive per barrel of drilling fluid to form an additive-drilling fluid mixture, wherein the additive comprises phenol-formaldehyde resin solids, lignite and a fibrous particulate material, wherein the resin solids are capable of swelling in the drilling fluid; and
circulating the additive-drilling fluid mixture through a drill string and into a well bore.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the additive comprises between 15 and 35 parts by weight lignite, between 15 and 35 parts by weight phenol-formaldehyde resin, and between 30 and 70 parts by weight fibrous particles.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the additive comprises between 20 and 30 parts by weight lignite, between 20 and 30 parts by weight phenol-formaldehyde resin, and between 35 and 65 parts by weight fibrous particles.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein the phenol-formaldehyde resin is chemically inert.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the additive is mixed into the drilling fluid at a concentration of between 5 and 20 pounds per barrel of drilling fluid.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the phenol-formaldehyde resin is chemically inert.
15. The drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein the resin solids are insoluble or slightly soluble in the liquid carrier.
16. The drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein the resin solids are capable of swelling in the liquid carrier.
17. The method of claim 9, wherein the resin solids are insoluble or slightly soluble in the additive-drilling fluid mixture.
18. The drilling fluid of claim 15, wherein the resin solids are capable of swelling in the liquid carrier.
19. The drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein the oil based or synthetic drilling mud comprises from 5 to 50 percent water by volume.
20. The method of claim 9, wherein the oil based or synthetic drilling fluid comprises from 5 to 50 percent water by volume.
21. The drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein the resin solids are insoluble in the liquid carrier.
22. The drilling fluid of claim 21, wherein the resin solids are capable of swelling in the liquid carrier.
23. The method of claim 9, wherein the resin solids are insoluble in the additive-drilling fluid mixture.
24. A drilling fluid for reducing circulation loss consisting essentially of a liquid carrier, and a mixture of lignite, phenol-formaldehyde resin solids, and fibrous particles, wherein:
the liquid carrier is an oil based or synthetic drilling mud consisting essentially of an invert oil emulsion;
the mixture is added to the liquid carrier at a concentration of between 1 and 50 pounds per barrel of liquid carrier;
the mixture comprises between 15 and 35 parts by weight lignite, between 15 and 35 parts by weight phenol-formaldehyde resin solids, and between 35 and 65 parts by weight fibrous particles;
the resin solids are capable of swelling in the liquid carrier; and
the resin solids are insoluble in the liquid carrier.
25. The drilling fluid of claim 24, wherein the liquid carrier further consists essentially of from 5 to 50 percent water by volume.
26. A method for drilling a subterranean well comprising the steps of:
cutting a borehole into the earth using a drill string; and
circulating a synthetic or oil based drilling fluid into the drill string wherein the drilling fluid consists essentially of a drilling fluid additive comprising 20 to 80 parts by weight fibrous particles, 10 to 40 parts by weight lignite, and 10 to 40 parts by weight phenol-formaldehyde resin solids wherein the resin solids are insoluble and capable of swelling in the synthetic or oil based drilling fluid, wherein the resin solids are insoluble or slightly soluble in water, and wherein an oil phase is external and any aqueous phase in the drilling fluid is internal.
27. A method for substantially inhibiting fluid loss in subterranean drilling operations comprising:
mixing an additive, into an oil based or synthetic drilling fluid consisting essentially of a liquid phase in the oil based or synthetic drilling fluid consisting essentially of oil or an invert oil emulsion comprising up to 50 volume percent water, at a concentration between 1 and 50 pounds of the additive per barrel of drilling fluid to form an additive-drilling fluid mixture, wherein the additive comprises phenol-formaldehyde resin solids, lignite and a fibrous particulate material, wherein the resin solids are capable of swelling in the drilling fluid and are insoluble in the drilling fluid; and
circulating the additive-drilling fluid mixture through a drill string and into a well bore.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein the additive comprises 20 to 80 parts by weight fibrous particles, 10 to 40 parts by weight lignite, and 10 to 40 parts by weight phenol-formaldehyde resin solids wherein the resin solids are insoluble and capable of swelling in the synthetic or oil based drilling fluid.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A garment that consists of a plurality of panels woven from synthetic or naturally occurring fibers joined to one another along their respective edges, the garment being tailored so as to be a snug fit on the wearer, characterized in that the garment is of a shape, size, and length so as to extend across one or more joints of the wearer that would commonly be expected to flex during wear, and in that the garment is provided with at least one panel in the region of the joint of the wearer that is cut on a bias as opposed to parallel to the warp or weft of the weave of that material.
2. A garment according to claim 1 characterized in that the garment is a diving wet or dry suit, consisting of a plurality of panels cut from a large piece of material in the conventional manner i.e., parallel to the warp or weft, and joined together in sealing manner along seams, and a plurality of bias cut panels of the same material also incorporated into the garment in like manner to the conventional cut panel along seams, the bias cut panels being located orientated and disposed with the garment so as to permit the wearer of the garment to flex joints on account of the relative capability of the bias cut panels to stretch.
3. A garment according to claim 1 characterized in that all the woven fiber panels from which the suit is constructed are cut on the bias.
4. A garment according to claim 1 characterized in that the orientation of the bias cut panels within the garment is arranged so that the direction of elongation or stretch of the panels bisects the warp and the weft of the yarns in the panel.
5. A garment according to claim 1 characterized in that the garment is a wet or dry suit for use in water consisting of a plurality of conventionally cut panels and a plurality of bias cut panels sealingly joined together, the garment having front and rear leg portions, front and rear torso portions, and front and rear arm portions that together define a cavity for the wearer within the garment, the rear torso portion including a zipper or other fastener to allow the wearer to don and remove the garment.
6. A garment according to claim 5 characterized in that one or more of the panels that constitute the front leg portions of the suit, particularly in the region where the shin, knee, and front thigh of the wearer would be disposed when the suit is being worn, isare bias cut.
7. A garment according to claim 5 characterized in that one or more of the panels that constitute the rear arm portions of the suit, particularly in the region where the elbows of the wearer would be disposed when the suite is being worn, isare bias cut.
8. A garment according to claim 5, characterized in that one or more of the panels that constitute the rear torso portion of the suit, particularly in the region above where the buttocks of the wearer would be disposed when the suit is being worn, isare bias cut.
9. A garment according to claim 1 characterized in that the angle of the bias cut is in the range of 30 to 60 degrees with respect to the weft or warp.
10. A garment according to claim 9 characterized in that the panel or panels are formed of the same woven material as the other material panels of the garment.
11. A garment according to claim 1 characterized in that the garment is dimensioned so as to be worn by wearers of determined size.
12. A garment according to claim 11 characterized in that the garment for a particular wearer size is dimension smaller than would a non stretching garment for the same wearer size.
13. A method of forming a garment of clothing from a series of panels of material of synthetic or naturally occurring fibers, sais panel joined together along their common edges to form seams of the garment and the garment itself and characterized in that at least one of the panels of the material is at least one of the panels is arranged and formed such that it is cut on a bias as opposed to parallel to the warp or weft of the weave of the material.
14. A method according to claim 13 characterized in that the panel is located on the garment so as to lie adjacent to joint of the wearer of the garment when worn.
15. A method according to claim 13 characterized in that the method includes the step of positioning and joining a panel that is cut at a bias to the weft or warp of the material of the panel to lie adjacent each of the body joints of the wearer that lie within the garment when worn.