1. A Raman amplifying apparatus for amplifying a WDM signal, comprising:
a measuring means for measuring a power of a first back-scattered light, coming from an optical fiber, arising from a first power of an excitation light, and a power of a second back-scattered light, coming from optical fiber, arising from a second power of said excitation light which is larger than said first power;
an outputting means for outputting said excitation light to said optical fiber, the wavelength of said excitation light is different from the wavelength of said first back-scattered light and the wavelength of said second back-scattered light; and
a controlling means for controlling said second power of said excitation light so as to make the radio of the power of said first back-scattered light to the power of said second back-scattered light constant at a certain section of said optical fiber.
2. The Raman amplifying apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
said first power of said excitation light is zero, and said second power of said excitation light is non-zero.
3. The Raman amplifying apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said certain section of said optical fiber is a section which is not buried in the noise.
4. A Raman amplifying apparatus for amplifying a WDM signal, comprising: an excitation light outputting means for outputting an excitation light to an optical fiber;
a test light outputting means for outputting a test light to said optical fiber, the wavelength of said excitation light;
a measuring means for measuring a power of a first back-scattered light, coming from said optical fiber, excited by a first power of said excitation light, and a power of a second back-scattered light, coming from said optical fiber, excited by a second power of said excitation light which is larger than said first power; and
a controlling means for controlling said second power of said excitation light so as to make the ratio of the power of said first back-scattered light to the power of said second back-scattered light constant at a certain section of said optical fiber.
5. The Raman amplifying apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein said certain section of said optical fiber is a section which is not buried in the noise.
6. A Raman amplifying apparatus for amplifying a WDM signal, comprising:
a measuring circuit that measures a power of a first back-scattered light, coming from an optical fiber, arising from a first power of an excitation light, and a power of a second back-scattered light, coming from said optical fiber, arising from a second power of said excitation light which is larger than said first power;
an outputting circuit that outputs said excitation light to said optical fiber, the wavelength of said excitation light is different from the wavelength of said first back-scattered light and the wavelength of said second back-scattered light; and
a controller that controls said second power of said excitation light so as to make the ratio of the power of said first back-scattered light to the power of said second back-scattered light constant at a certain section of said optical fiber.
7. The Raman amplifying apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein:
said first power of said excitation light is zero, and said second power of said excitation light is non-zero.
8. The Raman amplifying apparatus as claim in claim 6, wherein said certain section of said optical fiber is a section which is not buried in the noise.
9. A Raman amplifying apparatus for amplifying a WDM signal, comprising:
an excitation light outputting circuit that outputs an excitation light to an optical fiber;
a test light outputting circuit that outputs a test light to said optical fiber, the wavelength of which is different from the wavelength of said excitation light;
a measuring circuit that measures a power of a first back-scattered light, coming from said optical fiber, excited by a first power of said excitation light, and a power of a second back-scattered light, coming from said optical fiber, excited by a second power of said excitation light which is larger than said first power; and
a controller that controls said second power of said excitation light so as to make the ratio of the power of said first back-scattered light to the power of said second back-scattered light constant at a certain section of said optical fiber.
10. The Raman amplifying apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said certain section of said optical fiber is a section which is not buried in the noise.
11. A relay station for relaying a WDM signal, comprising:
a measuring circuit that measures a power of a first back-scattered light, coming from a optical fiber, arising from a first power of an excitation light, and a power of a second back-scattered light, coming from said optical fiber, arising from a second power of said excitation light which is larger than said first power;
an outputting circuit that outputs said excitation light to said optical fiber, the wavelength of said excitation light is different from the wavelength of said first back-scattered light and the wavelength of said second back-scattered light;
a controller that controls said second power of said excitation light so as to make the ratio of the power of said first back-scattered light to the power of said second back-scattered light constant at a certain section of the said optical fiber; and
an optical amplifier that amplifies a WDM signal inputted from said optical fiber and outputs said WDM signal to another optical fiber.
12. The relay station as claimed in claim 11, wherein:
said first power of said excitation light is zero, and said second power of said excitation light is non-zero.
13. The relay station as claimed in claim 11, wherein said certain section of said optical fiber is a section which is not buried on the noise.
14. A relay station for relaying a WDM signal, comprising:
an excitation light outputting circuit that outputs an excitation light to an optical fiber;
a test light outputting circuit that outputs a test light to said optical fiber, the wavelength of which is different from the wavelength of said excitation light;
a measuring circuit that measures power of a first back-scattered light, coming from said optical fiber, excited by a first power of said excitation light, and a power of a second back-scattered light, coming from said optical fiber, excited by a second power of said excitation light which is larger than said first power and
a controller that controls said second power of said excitation light so as to make the ratio of the power of said first back-scattered light to the power of said second back-scattered light constant at certain section of said optical fiber; and
an optical amplifier that amplifies a WDM signal inputted from said optical fiber and outputs said WDM signal to another optical fiber.
15. The relay station as claimed in claim 14, wherein said certain section of said optical fiber is a section which is not buried in the noise.
16. A method of measuring Raman gain of an optical fiber, comprising steps of:
outputting an excitation light to said optical fiber;
measuring a power of a first back-scattered light, coming from said optical fiber, arising from a first power of said excitation light, and a power of a second back-scattered light, coming from said optical fiber, arising from a second power of said excitation light which is larger than said first power; and
controlling said second power of said excitation light so as to make the ratio of the power of said first back-scattered light to the power of said second back-scattered light constant at a certain section of said optical fiber based on a result the measuring step.
17. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein;
said first power of said excitation light is zero, and said second power of said excitation light is non-zero.
18. The method as claimed in claim 16, wherein said certain section of said optical fiber is a section which is not buried in the noise.
19. A method of measuring Raman gain of an optical fiber, comprising steps of:
outputting the excitation light to an optical fiber;
outputting a test light to said optical fiber; the wavelength of the test light is different from the wavelength of said excitation light;
measuring a power of a first back-scattered light, coming from the said optical fiber, excited by a first power of said excitation light, and a power of a second back-scattered light, coming from said optical fiber, excited by a second power of said excitation light; and
controlling said second power of said excitation light to make the ratio of the power of said first back-scattered light to the power of said second back-scattered light constant at a certain section of said optical fiber.
20. The method as claimed in claim 19, wherein said certain section of said optical fiber is a section which is not buried in the noise.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus for spraying and inducing an electrostatic charge upon a liquid, the apparatus connectable to a boom fitted to a vehicle having a dc power supply, the apparatus comprising:
a nozzle constructed from a substantially non-conductive material connectable to the boom, the nozzle including a spray tip designed to provide a hollow conical spray pattern;
a support member extending from the nozzle; and
a charging electrode to induce an electrostatic charge upon the liquid sprayed through the nozzle, the charging electrode attached to the support member and electrically connectable to the dc power supply, the charging electrode including a cylindrical portion positioned on a longitudinal axis of the nozzle concentric to an outlet of the nozzle spray tip and a plurality of corona discharge members extending inwardly from a distal end of the cylindrical portion adjacent to the spray tip, the cylindrical portion and corona discharge members positioned to permit the hollow conical spray pattern to pass unhindered therethrough.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 0.8 millicoloumbkilogram when 5 kV or less are supplied to the charging electrode.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 0.8 millicoloumbkilogram when 4 kV or less are supplied to the charging electrode.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 1.0 millicoloumbkilogram when less than 5 kV are supplied to the charging electrode.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 1.0 millicoloumbkilogram when 4 kV or less are supplied to the charging electrode.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 0.8 millicoloumbkilogram when 0.7 milliamps or less are supplied to the charging electrode.
7. An apparatus for spraying an electrostatically charged liquid, the apparatus connectable to a boom fitted to a vehicle having at least one dc power supply, the apparatus comprising:
a nozzle connectable to the boom, the nozzle constructed from a substantially non-conductive material, the nozzle including a spray tip designed to provide a hollow conical spray pattern;
a support member extending from the nozzle; and
an electrically conductive charging electrode attached to the support member and electrically connectable to the at least one dc power supply to induce an electrostatic charge upon the liquid sprayed through the nozzle, the charging electrode having a hollow cylindrical portion positioned on a longitudinal axis of the nozzle concentric to an outlet of the nozzle spray tip and a plurality of triangular members extending inwardly from a distal end of the cylindrical portion adjacent to the spray tip, the cylindrical portion and plurality of triangular members positioned to permit the hollow conical spray pattern to pass unhindered therethrough, whereupon supplying the charging electrode with less than 5 kV, the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 0.8 millicoloumbkilogram.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 0.8 millicoloumbkilogram when 4 kV or less are supplied to the charging electrode.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 0.8 millicoloumbkilogram when 3 kV or less are supplied to the charging electrode.
10. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 1.0 millicoloumbkilogram when less than 5 kV are supplied to the charging electrode.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 1.0 millicoloumbkilogram when 4 kV or less are supplied to the charging electrode.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 0.8 millicoloumbkilogram when 0.7 milliamps or less are supplied to the charging electrode.
13. An apparatus for spraying an electrostatically charged liquid, the apparatus connectable to a boom fitted to a vehicle having a dc power supply, the apparatus comprising:
a nozzle connectable to the boom, the nozzle constructed from a substantially non-conductive material, the nozzle including a spray tip designed to provide a hollow conical spray pattern;
a support member extending from the nozzle;
a cylindrical charging electrode attached to the support member, the cylindrical charging electrode positioned on a longitudinal axis of the nozzle concentric to an outlet of the nozzle spray tip; and
a plurality of corona discharge points extending inwardly from a distal end of the cylindrical portion adjacent to the spray tip, wherein the cylindrical charging electrode and plurality of corona discharge points induce an electrostatic charge upon the liquid sprayed through the nozzle, wherein the cylindrical charging electrode and plurality of corona discharge points are electrically connectable to the dc power supply, the cylindrical portion and corona discharge points positioned to permit the hollow conical spray pattern to pass unhindered therethrough.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, whereupon supplying the charging electrode with less than 5 kV, the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 0.8 millicoloumbkilogram.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 0.8 millicoloumbkilogram when 4 kV or less are supplied to the charging electrode.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 0.8 millicoloumbkilogram when 3 kV or less are supplied to the charging electrode.
17. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 1.0 millicoloumbkilogram when less than 5 kV are supplied to the charging electrode.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 1.0 millicoloumbkilogram when 4 kV or less are supplied to the charging electrode.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 1.0 millicoloumbkilogram when 3 kV or less are supplied to the charging electrode.
20. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the electrostatic charge induced onto the liquid spray is in excess of 0.8 millicoloumbkilogram when 0.7 milliamps or less are supplied to the charging electrode.