1. A composition comprising a major amount of a lubricant or hydraulic fluid and an effective amount of at least one N,N\u2032-diaryl-o-phenylenediamine antioxidant represented by Formula I,
where R1 and R2 are independently H or C1 to C12 alkyl, with the proviso that R1 and R2 are not simultaneously H; R3 is C1 to C12 alkyl; and, R4, R5, R6 and R7, are independently H or C1 to C12 alkyl.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are independently H or a C1 to C4 alkyl; R3 is H or a C1 to C4 alkyl; and, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein R1 and R3 are both methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl alkyl and R2, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein R2 and R3 are both methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl alkyl and R1, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are hydrogen.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the antioxidant of Formula I is N,N\u2032-bis(2,5dimethylphenyl)-o-phenylenediamine, N,N\u2032-bis (3,5-dimethylphenyl)-o-phenylenediamine or N,N\u2032-bis(2,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-o-phenylenediamine.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is present in the range of about 0.00 1 wt% to about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a natural oil or a synthetic oil.
8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the synthetic oil is derived from a Fischer-Tropsch wax.
9. The composition of claim 1 including at least one additional lubricating oil additive or hydraulic fluid additive.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-4. (canceled)
5. A radar comprising:
a scanning unit which transmits and receives a detection signal and which varies a beam azimuth of a detection radio wave over a predetermined scanning angular range;
a signal-strength profile determining unit which determines a signal-strength profile from changes in strength in the azimuthal direction of a received signal from a target at a position that is spaced from the scanning unit as a function of the beam azimuth; and
an estimating unit which estimates the target azimuth causing the signal-strength profile from the signal-strength profile, which is a portion of a convex located adjacent to the outermost angle in the scanning angular range.
6. The radar according to claim 5, wherein the estimating unit estimates the target azimuth from the ratio between the received signal strengths at at least two beam azimuths.
7. The radar according to claim 6, further comprising a reflectivity determining unit which determines a reflectivity of the target on the basis of the difference between the received signal strengths of the two beam azimuths and the directional characteristic of an antenna that forms the above-described beam.
8. The radar according to claim 5, wherein the estimating unit estimates the target azimuth from the number of beams having received signal strengths exceeding a threshold level and from the received signal strength of at least one of the beams in an azimuth range of half of a beam width, from the outermost angle, having antenna gains exceeding a predetermined threshold level.
9. The radar according to claim 5, wherein the scanning unit includes a primary radiator and a motor for translating the primary radiator in a plane parallel to a focal plane of a dielectric lens.
10. A method of estimating a target azimuth of a target that is outside of and adjacent to a scanning angular range of a radar, the method comprising the steps of:
transmitting and receiving a detection signal and varying a beam azimuth of a detection radio wave over a scanning angular range using a scanning unit;
determining a signal-strength profile from changes in strength in the azimuthal direction of a received signal from a target at a position that is spaced from the scanning device as a function of the beam azimuth; and
estimating the target azimuth causing the signal-strength profile from the signal-strength profile, which is a portion of a convex located adjacent to the outermost angle in the scanning angular range.
11. The radar according to claim 10, wherein the step of estimating includes the step of estimating the target azimuth from the ratio between the received signal strengths at at least two beam azimuths.
12. The radar according to claim 11, further comprising the step of determining a reflectivity of the target on the basis of the difference between the received signal strengths of the two beam azimuths and the directional characteristic of an antenna that forms the beam.
13. The radar according to claim 10, wherein the step of estimating includes the step of estimating the target azimuth from the number of beams having received signal strengths exceeding a threshold level and from the received signal strength of at least one of the beams in an azimuth range of half of a beam width, from the outermost angle, having antenna gains exceeding a predetermined threshold level.