What is claimed is:
1. Process for carrying out a chemical reaction with fluoropolymer or with a contaminant in a fluoropolymer, comprising
(a) melting said fluoropolymer,
(b) contacting said molten fluoropolymer with reactant in isolation from said melting, said contacting being carried out in a reaction zone having free volume,
(c) subdividing molten fluoropolymer in said reaction zone to enable said reactant to effectively contact said molten fluoropolymer so as to carry out the chemical reaction between said reactant and said molten fluoropolymer,
(d) devolatilizing the resultant molten fluoropolymer in isolation from (b) and (c), and
(e) cooling the devolatilized fluoropolymer.
2. The process of claim 1 and additionally sparging said devolatilized fluoropolymer.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said molten fluoropolymer of step (a) contains acid end groups or carboxylate salt end groups and said reactant contains a proton source, said reaction being between said proton source and said end groups to form stable hydride end groups (CF2H) on said molten fluoropolymer in step (c).
4. The process of claim 3 wherein said reactant is water.
5. The process of claim 3 where said reaction zone is free of added oxygen.
6. The process of claim 1 wherein said molten fluoropolymer of step (a) contains non-perfluorinated end groups and said reactant contains fluorine, said reaction being between said fluorine and said end groups to form stable fluoromethyl groups (CF3).
7. The process of claim 1 wherein said molten fluoropolymer of step (a) contains acid end groups and said reactant contains an amine to form amide end groups.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein said molten fluoropolymer of step (a) contains acid end groups and said reactant contains ammonia to form CONH2 end groups.
9. The process of claim 1 wherein said molten fluoropolymer of step (a) contains acid end groups and said reactant contains an alcohol, to form ester end groups.
10. The process of claim 1 wherein said molten fluoropolymer of step (a) contains contaminant and said reactant converts said contaminant to a volatile form.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein the said reactant contains fluorine.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein the said reactant is elemental fluorine.
13. The process of claim 1 wherein the said reactant contains oxygen.
14. The process of claim 1 wherein said subdividing includes countercurrent flow of streams of said molten fluoropolymer in said reaction zone.
15. The process of claim 1 wherein said subdividing includes dividing said molten fluoropolymer in said reaction zone into at least 6 streams of molten fluoropolymer a plurality of times within said reaction zone.
16. The process of claim 1 wherein said subdividing is equivalent to said fluoropolymer containing COOH end groups and said reactant being water to obtain stable CF2H end groups without degrading said fluoropolymer.
17. The process of claim 16 wherein the resultant fluoropolymer has a whiteness index of at least 60.
18. The process of claim 16 wherein said fluoropolymer is tetrafluoroethylenehexafluoropropylene copolymer and sparging said copolymer to obtain said copolymer having a backbone volatiles index of no greater than 30.
19. The process of claim 1 when said subdividing is characteristic of dispersive mixing.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A vision-protecting composition with prophylactic and therapeutic activity of diabetes or diabetic complications, comprising calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin D as functional ingredients, in combination with at least one herb extract selected from the group consisting of a wolfberry extract, an Astragalus membranaceus extract, a Senna extract, a Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum extract and a Rubus coreanus extract.
2. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the calcium is seaweed calcium or a calcium salt of fermented organic acid.
3. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the vitamin B is selected from the group consisting of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and a combination thereof.
4. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the vitamin B is a combination of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6 and B12.
5. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the vitamin D is vitamin D3.
6. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the calcium is contained in an amount of from 4 to 10 wt % based on 100 wt % of the composition.
7. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the vitamin A is contained in an amount of from 0.001 to 0.1 wt % based on 100 wt % of the composition.
8. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the vitamin C is contained in an amount of from 0.1 to 1 wt % based on 100 wt % of the composition.
9. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the vitamin B is contained in an amount of from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt % based on 100 wt % of the composition.
10. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the vitamin D is contained in an amount of from 0.001 to 0.5 wt % based on 100 wt % of the composition.
11. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the vitamin B is composed of 0.0003 wt % of vitamin B1, 0.0005 wt % of vitamin B2, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B3, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B6, and 0.0001 wt % of vitamin B12 based on 100 wt % of the composition.
12. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the herb extract is contained in an amount of from 0.1 to 5 wt % based on 100 wt % of the composition.
13. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the herb extract is composed of 30 wt % of a wolfberry extract, 27 wt % of an Astragalus membranaceus extract, 25 wt % of a Senna obtusifolia extract, 10 wt % of a Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum extract, and 8 wt % of a Rubus coreanus extract, based on 100 wt % of the composition.
14. The vision-protecting composition of claim 1, wherein the diabetic complication is diabetic retinopathy.
15. The vision-protecting composition of claim 3, wherein the vitamin B is a combination of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6 and B12.
16. The vision-protecting composition of claim 2, wherein the vitamin B is composed of 0.0003 wt % of vitamin B1, 0.0005 wt % of vitamin B2, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B3, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B6, and 0.0001 wt % of vitamin B12 based on 100 wt % of the composition.
17. The vision-protecting composition of claim 3, wherein the vitamin B is composed of 0.0003 wt % of vitamin B1, 0.0005 wt % of vitamin B2, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B3, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B6, and 0.0001 wt % of vitamin B12 based on 100 wt % of the composition.
18. The vision-protecting composition of claim 4, wherein the vitamin B is composed of 0.0003 wt % of vitamin B1, 0.0005 wt % of vitamin B2, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B3, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B6, and 0.0001 wt % of vitamin B12 based on 100 wt % of the composition.
19. The vision-protecting composition of claim 5, wherein the vitamin B is composed of 0.0003 wt % of vitamin B1, 0.0005 wt % of vitamin B2, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B3, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B6, and 0.0001 wt % of vitamin B12 based on 100 wt % of the composition.
20. The vision-protecting composition of claim 6, wherein the vitamin B is composed of 0.0003 wt % of vitamin B1, 0.0005 wt % of vitamin B2, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B3, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B6, and 0.0001 wt % of vitamin B12 based on 100 wt % of the composition.
21. The vision-protecting composition of claim 7, wherein the vitamin B is composed of 0.0003 wt % of vitamin B1, 0.0005 wt % of vitamin B2, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B3, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B6, and 0.0001 wt % of vitamin B12 based on 100 wt % of the composition.
22. The vision-protecting composition of claim 8, wherein the vitamin B is composed of 0.0003 wt % of vitamin B1, 0.0005 wt % of vitamin B2, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B3, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B6, and 0.0001 wt % of vitamin B12 based on 100 wt % of the composition.
23. The vision-protecting composition of claim 9, wherein the vitamin B is composed of 0.0003 wt % of vitamin B1, 0.0005 wt % of vitamin B2, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B3, 0.001 wt % of vitamin B6, and 0.0001 wt % of vitamin B12 based on 100 wt % of the composition.
24. The vision-protecting composition of claim 12, wherein the herb extract is composed of 30 wt % of a wolfberry extract, 2\u20327 wt % of an Astragalus membranaceus extract, 25 wt % of a Senna obtusifolia extract, 10 wt % of a Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum extract, and 8 wt % of a Rubus coreanus extract, based on 100 wt % of the composition.