1. A method of operating a spark ignition engine comprising,
(a) introducing an amount of a fuel comprised of a water soluble organic compound and at least 30% by volume of water into a cylinder of said engine such that a fuel air mixture is formed, and
(b) igniting the fuel-air mixture by a spark at a crank angle sufficiently advanced during the compression stroke of the spark ignition engine such that the fuel ignites and combusts, wherein the compression ratio of the engine is at least about 16.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel has an octane rating of at least about 110 to at most about 250.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the fuel has an octane rating of at least about 130.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the water soluble organic compound has at most about 10 carbons.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the water soluble organic compound has at most about 6 carbons.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the water soluble organic compound has an alcohol, ether, ketone, carboxylic acid group or combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the water soluble organic compound is an alcohol.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or mixture thereof.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the alcohol is methanol, ethanol or combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of water is at least about 32% to at most about 60% by volume.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the amount of water is at least about 35%.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel is heated or energy added thereto prior or during said fuel being introduced into said cylinder.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel is introduced by injecting a liquid spray into the air induction system.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the injecting creates spray droplets having an average droplet size of at most about 25 micrometers in diameter.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the injecting is performed such that gravity assists in the introduction of the fuel-air mixture into the cylinder of said engine.
16. The method claim 15, wherein the injecting is performed within 10 cm of an intake valve for the cylinder.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein said engine has a plurality of cylinders and the fuel is introduced by injecting a liquid spray into the air induction system within 5 cm of an intake valve for each cylinder.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein after combustion, there is essentially no hydrocarbons present after combustion in the exhaust.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the amount of hydrocarbons is at most about 500 ppm by volume in the exhaust.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein the compression ratio is at least about 18 to at most about 30.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein the air in the air induction system is raised to a pressure above ambient pressure.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the pressure is raised by a turbocharger.
23. The method of claim 12, wherein at least a portion of the energy added to the fuel is from waste heat from the engine.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein at least a portion of the energy added is from a phase change material that has captured a portion of the waste heat of the engine.
25. The method of claim 21, wherein the air in the induction system is not cooled other than by the fuel introduced into the air induction system.
26. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel is injected directly into the cylinder.
27. The method of claim 1, wherein the fuel is introduced into cylinder by injecting the fuel into the engine’s air induction system such that a homogeneous fuel-air mixture is formed, which is then introduced into said cylinder of said engine.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of destroying pests by fumigation comprising subjecting said pests to an effective pesticidal amount in the range of 0.1 gm3 to 200 gm3 of a carboxylic acid fluoride having at least 2 carbon atoms and having a boiling point of less than 100\xb0 C. for a time sufficient to kill said pests.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said carboxylic acid fluoride has a boiling point of less than 45\xb0 C.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said carboxylic acid fluoride has a boiling point of less than 30\xb0 C.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein said carboxylic acid fluoride corresponds to the formula RC(O)F, where R represents CH3, C2H5, CF3, CF2H or CF2Cl.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said carboxylic acid fluoride is used in admixture with at least one additional pesticide.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein said carboxylic acid fluoride is used in admixture with a substance selected from the group consisting of sulfuryl fluoride, sulfuryl chlorofluoride, nitrogen, noble gases, CO2, carbonyl sulfide, PH3, alkyl phosphines, SF6, inorganic or organic compounds with the CN group, organic esters, organic nitro compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, alkynols, thiocyante esters, isothiocyanate esters, chloropicrin, ethylene oxide, sulfonyl fluorides and atomizing agents.
7. A method according to claim 5, wherein said at least one additional pesticide comprises carbon dioxide.
8. A method of destroying pests by fumigation comprising subjecting said pests to an effective pesticidal amount in the range of 0.1 gm3 to 200 gm3 of a carboxylic acid fluoride having at least 3 carbon atoms or having at least 2 carbon atoms and at least 2 halogen atoms for a time sufficient to kill said pests, said carboxylic acid fluoride having a boiling point of less than 100\xb0 C.
9. A method according to claim 8, wherein said carboxylic acid fluoride has a boiling point of less than 45\xb0 C.
10. A method according to claim 9, wherein said carboxylic acid fluoride has a boiling point of less than 30\xb0 C.
11. A method according to claim 8, wherein said carboxylic acid fluoride corresponds to the formula RC(O)F, where R is C2H5CF3, CF2H, or CF2Cl.
12. A method according to claim 8, wherein said carboxylic acid fluoride is used in admixture with at least one additional pesticide.
13. A method according to claim 8, wherein said carboxylic acid fluoride is used in admixture with a substance selected from the group consisting of sulfuryl fluoride, sulfuryl chlorofluoride, nitrogen, noble gases, CO2, carbonyl sulfide, PH3, alkyl phosphines, SF6, inorganic or organic compounds with the CN group, organic esters, organic nitro compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, alkynols, thiocyanate esters, isothiocyanate esters, chloropicrin, ethylene oxide, sulfonyl fluorides and atomizing agents.
14. A method according to claim 12, wherein said at least one additional pesticide comprises carbon dioxide.
15. A method according to claim 8, wherein said carboxylic acid fluoride corresponds to the formula RC(O)F, where R is C2H5, CF2H, or CF2Cl.