1. A high temperature thermal barrier coating material for a turbine component, comprising:
a three-dimensional array of generally contacting ceramic geometric shapes having a packing density of 20% to 85%, the ceramic shapes having a wall structure density of 70% to 1000% a and a wall thickness of 50 to 500 micrometers; and
a binder disposed within the array and among the ceramic shapes to bind the ceramic shapes together within the array,
wherein the thermal barrier coating material is thermally stable at temperatures up to 1600\xb0 C.
2. The coating material of claim 1, wherein the turbine component is selected from the group consisting of: blade, vane, transition, combustor, and seal.
3. The coating material of claim 1, wherein the turbine component is in a combustion turbine assembly.
4. The coating material of claim 1, wherein the packing density is 35 to 65%.
5. The coating material of claim 1, wherein the wall structure density is 85% to 100%.
6. The coating material of claim 1, wherein the wall thickness is 100 to 400 micrometers.
7. The coating material of claim 1, wherein the geometric shapes have an aspect ratio of less than 5-to-1.
8. The coating material of claim 1, wherein the geometric shapes are spherical.
9. The coating material of claim 8, wherein the wall-thickness-to-radius ratio is 0.05 to 0.5 and the spheres are hollow.
10. The coating material of claim 1, wherein the binder is ceramic.
11. The coating material of claim 10, wherein the ceramic binder is less dense than the ceramic shapes.
12. The coating material of claim 1, wherein the binder physically adheres to the ceramic shapes to bind the ceramic shapes together within the array.
13. A high temperature material system adapted for use on a turbine component, comprising:
a three-dimensional array of generally contacting ceramic geometric shapes having a packing density of 20% to 85%, the ceramic shapes having a wall structure density of 70% to 100% and a wall thickness of 50 to 500 micrometers; and
a filler disposed within the array and among the ceramic shapes to interconnect the ceramic shapes within the array,
wherein the material system is thermally stable at temperatures up to 1600\xb0 C.
14. The material system of claim 13, wherein the turbine component is selected from the group consisting of: blade, vane, transition, combustor, and seal.
15. The coating material of claim 13, wherein the turbine component is in a combustion turbine assembly.
16. The coating material of claim 13, wherein the filler is ceramic.
17. The coating material of claim 16, wherein the ceramic filler is less dense than the ceramic shapes.
18. The coating material of claim 13, wherein the filler physically compresses the ceramic shapes to bind the ceramic shapes together within the array.
19. A high temperature resistant turbine component, comprising:
a component selected from the group consisting of: blade, vane, transition, combustor, and seal; and
a high temperature coating applied to the component, the coating comprising:
a three-dimensional array of generally contacting ceramic geometric shapes having a packing density of 20% to 85%, the ceramic shapes having a wall structure density of 70% to 100% and a wall thickness of 50 to 500 micrometers; and
a binder or filler disposed within the array and among the ceramic shapes to bind or interconnect the ceramic shapes together within the array.
20. The turbine component of claim 18, wherein the coating covers the entire surface of the component.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method, comprising:
generating a periodic output signal from a periodic input signal;
obtaining a plurality of samples of a phase difference between the periodic output signal and the periodic input signal;
determining an average phase difference between the periodic output signal and the periodic input signal from the plurality of samples; and
adjusting a phase of the periodic output signal based on the average phase difference.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting a phase of the periodic output signal includes adjusting the phase of the periodic output signal to establish approximately zero phase difference between the periodic output signal and the periodic input signal.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting a phase of the periodic output signal includes delaying the periodic input signal based on the average phase difference to generate the periodic output signal.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating a periodic output signal includes generating a periodic output clock signal.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting a phase of the periodic output signal further includes adjusting the phase of the periodic output signal to maintain a predetermined phase relationship with the periodic input signal.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving an external clock signal as the periodic input signal.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining a plurality of samples includes using a phase detector to compare a reference signal and a feedback signal to generate a plurality of shift left commands and shift right commands.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining an average phase difference between the periodic output signal and the periodic input signal includes oscillation filtering and majority filtering the plurality of shift left commands and shift right commands.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein oscillation filtering and majority filtering includes generating output shift left commands and output shift right commands to a delay line of a delay locked loop circuit.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein majority filtering includes counting a quantity of successive shift commands to generate a valid shift command, and resetting to accumulate another counted quantity of successive shift commands to generate another valid shift command.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein oscillation filtering includes transitioning toward an output shift left command state of a state machine if one of the plurality of shift left commands is received and transitioning toward an output shift right command state if one of the plurality of shift right commands is received.
12. A method, comprising:
generating a periodic output signal from a periodic input signal;
determining an average phase difference between the periodic output signal and the periodic input signal over a plurality of periods of duration of the periodic input signal; and
delaying the periodic input signal based on the average phase difference to generate the periodic output signal.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the average phase difference includes counting a quantity of successive shift commands to generate a shift for generating the periodic output signal, and resetting to accumulate another counted quantity of successive shifts to generate another shift for generating the periodic output signal.
14. The method of claim 7, wherein resetting includes resetting a plurality of counters responsive to counting a pre-determined quantity of shifts in a single direction.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the average phase difference includes receiving shift left and shift right commands from a phase detector, and wherein delaying the periodic input signal includes generating an output shift right command and an output shift left command upon an accumulation of a minimum quantity of each respective shift left command and shift right command.
16. The method of claim 12, further comprising oscillation filtering opposite shift commands.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein oscillation filtering includes comparing a shift command to a previously buffered shift command to validate or nullify the shift command.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein oscillation filtering includes using at least one of a logic state machine, a synchronous counter, and a shift-register chain.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the logic state machine includes an output shift left command state, an output shift right command state and at least one no-output state therebetween, wherein oscillation filtering further includes transitioning toward the output shift left command state when a shift left command is received and transitioning toward the output shift right command state when a shift right command is received.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein oscillation filtering occurs prior to determining an average phase difference.