1. A method for sensing information stored as a state of a multi-level storage cell having more than two possible states, the method comprising:
serially providing integer values having different discrete reference states associated therewith;
serially, per integer value provided, comparing the state with the discrete reference states associated with the respective integer value; and
providing the sensed information based on that integer value having associated therewith the discrete reference state which, in serially comparing the state with the reference states, first exceeds the state.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein comparing the state with the discrete reference states comprises comparing voltage or current values representing the state and the discrete reference states.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the discrete reference states are associated with the integer values such that the discrete reference states increase with increasing integer values.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the serially providing integer values comprises running a counter to provide the integer values with the discrete reference states being associated with the integer values such that the reference states monotonically change with increasing counter values.
5. An apparatus for sensing information stored as a state of a multi-level storage cell having more than two possible states, the apparatus comprising:
means for providing integer values having different discrete reference states associated therewith:
means for serially, per integer value provided, comparing the state with the discrete reference states associated with the respective integer value; and
means for providing the sensed information based on that integer value having associated therewith the discrete reference state which, in serially comparing the state with the reference states, first exceeds the state.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the means for comparing comprises means for comparing voltage or current values representing the state and the reference states.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the discrete reference states are associated with the integer values such that the discrete reference states increase with increasing integer values.
8. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the means for serially providing integer values comprises a counter adapted to provide the integer values with the discrete reference states being associated with the integer values such that the reference states monotonically change with increasing counter values.
9. A sense circuit, comprising:
a provider adapted to provide integer values at an integer output;
a signal ramp generator coupled to the integer output and adapted to generate at a generator output thereof and per integer value, a respective discrete reference state associated to the respective integer value;
a comparator having a first input connectable to the cell and having a second input being coupled to the generator output, and being adapted to, per integer value, compare a state of a multi-level storage cell having more than two possible states with the discrete reference state associated with the respective integer value; and
an output circuit adapted to output a sensed value based on that integer value which, in comparing the state with the discrete reference states, first exceeds the state.
10. The sense circuit of claim 9, wherein the signal ramp generator is adapted to generate voltage or current values as the reference states.
11. The sense circuit of claim 9, wherein the signal ramp generator is adapted to the discrete reference states such that the discrete reference states increase with increasing integer values.
12. The sense circuit according to claim 9, wherein the provider comprises a counter adapted to provide the integer values at the integer output with the discrete reference states being associated with the integer values such that the reference states monotonically change with increasing counter values.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A compound of the formula (I)
or of the formula (I\u2032)
wherein
R1 is H, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, (C2-C6)alkynyl, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-(C5-C10)heterocyclyl, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-(C6-C10)aryl, C(O)\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, C(O)(C2-C6)alkenyl, C(O)\u2014(C2-C6)alkynyl, C(O)-(C1-C6)alkylene0-1-(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, C(O)-(C1-C6)alkylene0-1-(C5-C10)heterocyclyl, or C(O)-(C1-C6)alkylene0-1-(C6-C10)aryl;
R2 is H, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-O\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-O\u2014R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-NH2, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-NH(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-N(C1-C6)alkyl2, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-CHR\u20322, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-C(O)\u2014R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-C(O)NH2, (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-C(O)NH\u2014R\u2032, or (C1-C6)alkylene0-1-C(O)NR\u20322;
R3 is H, halogen, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032, OH, O\u2014R\u2033, NH2, NHR\u2033, NR\u2033R\u2033, or NH\u2014C(O)\u2014R\u2033;
R4 is H, halogen, OH, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, NH\u2014(C6-C10)aryl, or (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032;
R5 is H, halogen, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, R\u2032, (C2-C6)alkenylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032, NH2, NH\u2014R\u2032, NH\u2014SO2H, NH\u2014SO2\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014SO2\u2014R\u2032, NH\u2014C(O)\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014C(O)\u2014R\u2032, C(O)N(C1-C6)alkyl2, C(O)OH or C(O)O\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl;
R6 and R6\u2032 are independently of each other H, R\u2032, (C1-C8)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene-O\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkylene-O\u2014R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene-CHR\u20322, (C1-C6)alkylene-C(O)\u2014R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene-C(O)NH2, (C1-C6)alkylene-C(O)NH\u2014R\u2032, or (C1-C6)alkylene-C(O)NR\u20322;
R7 and R8 are independently of each other H, halogen, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, O\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, O\u2014(C1-C6)alkylene0-1-R\u2032, (C2-C6)alkenyl, R\u2032, (C2-C6)alkenylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032, NH2, NH\u2014R\u2032, NH\u2014SO2H, NH\u2014SO2\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014SO2\u2014R\u2032, SO2\u2014NH2, SO2\u2014NHR\u2032, NH\u2014C(O)\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014C(O)\u2014R\u2032, C(O)N(C1-C6)alkyl2, C(O)OH, or C(O)O\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl;
R9 is halogen or (C1-C6)alkyl;
R\u2032 is (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C5-C10)heterocyclyl or (C6-C10)aryl;
R\u2033 is (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C5-C10)heterocyclyl, (C6-C10)aryl, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene-O\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkylene-O\u2014R\u2032, or (C1-C6)alkylene-NRxRy;
Rx and Ry are independently of each other (C1-C6)alkyl, (C5-C10)heterocyclyl, (C6-C10)aryl, (C1-C4)alkylene-(C5-C10)heterocyclyl, (C1-C4)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C1-C4)alkylene-NH(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkylene-N(C1-C6)alkyl2, (C1-C4)alkylene-N(C6-C10)aryl2, or (C1-C4)alkylene-N(C5-C10)heterocyclyl2; and
n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and
L is O or O\u2014(C1-C6)alkylene;
wherein
in residues R4, R5, R7 and R8 one alkyl or alkylene hydrogen atom can optionally be substituted by OH, OCH3, COOH, COOCH3, NH2, NHCH3, N(CH3)2, CONH2, CONHCH3 or CON(CH3)2, or
an alkyl or alkylene may be halogenated once or more;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, stereoisomeric form thereof or physiologically functional derivative thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a stereoisomeric form thereof or physiologically functional derivative thereof, or stereoisomeric form of a physiologically functional derivative thereof.
2. The compound according to claim 1 wherein
R4 is H, halogen, OH, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, or (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032;
R5 is H, halogen, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C2-C6)alkenylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C1-C6)alkylene-(C5-C11)heterocyclyl, (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032, NH2, NH\u2014R\u2032, NH\u2014SO2H, NH\u2014SO2\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014SO2\u2014R\u2032, NH\u2014C(O)\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014C(O)\u2014R\u2032, C(O)N(C1-C6)alkyl2, C(O)OH or C(O)O\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, stereoisomeric form thereof or physiologically functional derivative thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a stereoisomeric form thereof or physiologically functional derivative thereof, or stereoisomeric form of a physiologically functional derivative thereof.
3. The compound according to claim 1 of the formula (I)
4. The compound according to claim 1 of the formula (I\u2032) wherein R1 is H
5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R6 and R6\u2032 are independently of each other H, (C1-C6)alkyl, R\u2032, (C1-C4)alkylene-(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C1-C4)alkylene-(C5-C10)heterocyclyl, (C1-C4)alkylene-C(O)\u2014(C5-C10)heterocyclyl, (C1-C4)alkylene-C(O)\u2014(C6-C10)aryl or (C1-C6)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl.
6. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R6 and R6\u2032 are independently of each other H, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C5-C10)heterocyclyl, (C3-C9)cycloalkyl, (C1-C4)alkylene-(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C1-C4)alkylene-(C5-C11)heterocyclyl or (C1-C6)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl.
7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R6 is H, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl or (C1-C4)alkylene-(C3-C6)cycloalkyl; and R6\u2032 is H, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C1-C4)alkylene-(C3-C9)cycloalkyl, (C5-C10)heterocyclyl, (C1-C4)alkylene-(C5-C10)heterocyclyl or (C1-C6)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl.
8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R6 is H, or (C1-C6)alkyl and R6\u2032 is H, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C1-C4)alkylene-(C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C5-C10)heterocyclyl, (C1-C4)alkylene-(C5-C10)heterocyclyl or (C1-C6)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl.
9. The compound according to claim 1,
R6 is H, or (C1-C6)alkyl; and
R6\u2032 is H,
(C1-C6)alkyl,
(C3-C8)cycloalkyl,
(C1-C4)alkylene-(C3-C8)cycloalkyl,
(C1-C4)alkylene-(C5-C10)heterocyclyl, which heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted by (C1-C4)alkyl or halogen, or (C1-C6)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl, which aryl is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, (C1-C4)alkyl, O\u2014(C1-C4)alkyl or SO2\u2014(C1-C4)alkyl.
10. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R6 is H, or (C1-C6)alkyl; and R6\u2032 is H, (C1-C6)alkyl, or (C3-C8)cycloalkyl.
11. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R6 is H; and R6\u2032 is H, (C1-C6)alkyl, or (C3-C8)cycloalkyl.
12. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R6 and R6\u2032 are H.
13. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 is H, halogen, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, R\u2032, NH\u2014(C6-C10)aryl, or (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032.
14. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 is H, halogen, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, R\u2032, NH\u2014(C6-C10)aryl, C1-C6)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl, or (C1-C6)alkylene-(C5-C10)heterocyclyl.
15. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, R\u2032, NH\u2014(C6-C10)aryl or (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032.
16. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, R\u2032, NH\u2014(C6-C11)aryl, C1-C6)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl, or (C1-C6)alkylene-(C5-C10)heterocyclyl.
17. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C6-C10)aryl, (C5-C10)heteroaryl, NH\u2014(C6-C10)aryl or (C1-C2)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl.
18. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, phenyl or (C5-C6)heteroaryl.
19. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 is H, halogen or (C1-C6)alkyl.
20. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 is H or halogen.
21. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R5 is H.
22. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is H, halogen, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014(C6-C10)aryl, or (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032.
23. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, or (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032.
24. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014(C6-C10)aryl, or (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032.
25. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, or (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032.
26. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014(C6-C10)aryl, or (C1-C2)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl.
27. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, or (C1-C2)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl.
28. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is H, halogen, or (C1-C6)alkyl.
29. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is H or (C1-C6)alkyl.
30. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R4 is H.
31. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R7 and R8 are independently of each other H, halogen, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, O\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, R\u2032, or (C1-C6)alkylene-(C3-C8)cycloalkyl.
32. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R7 and R8 are independently of each other H, halogen, CN, (C1-C4)alkyl, O\u2014(C1-C4)alkyl, (C2-C4)alkenyl, phenyl, (C5-C6)heteroaryl, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, or (C1-C4)alkylene-(C3-C6)cycloalkyl.
33. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R7 and R8 are independently of each other H, halogen, (C1-C4)alkyl, O\u2014(C1-C4)alkyl or (C3-C6)cycloalkyl.
34. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R7 is H, halogen, (C1-C4)alkyl, or (C3-C6)cycloalkyl; and R8 is H.
35. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R7 and R8 are H.
36. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R9 is halogen or (C1-C4)alkyl.
37. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R9 is Cl, F, methyl or ethyl.
38. The compound according to claim 1, wherein n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.
39. The compound according to claim 1, wherein n is 0 or 1.
40. The compound according to claim 1, wherein n is 0.
41. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkylene-R\u2032, O\u2014R\u2033 or NHR\u2033.
42. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is H, (C1-C6)alkyl or NHR\u2033.
43. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is H, (C1-C4)alkyl, NH\u2014(C5-C6)heterocyclyl or NH-phenyl.
44. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is H, (C1-C4)alkyl, NH-phenyl, or NH\u2014(C5-C6)heteroaryl containing one or more N atoms.
45. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R3 is H.
46. The compound according to claim 1, wherein L is attached as shown in the following figure to the 4-position of the cyclohexyl ring relative to the NR6R6\u2032 moiety substituted thereon
L is attached as shown in the following figure to the 3-position of the cyclohexyl ring relative to the NR6R6\u2032 moiety substituted thereon
47. The compound according to claim 1, wherein L is attached to the 4-position of the cyclohexyl ring relative to the NR6R6\u2032 moiety substituted thereon.
48. The compound according to claim 1, wherein L is O-methylene, O-ethylene or O.
49. The compound according to claim 1, wherein L is O-methylene, O-ethylene or O attached to the 4-position of the cyclohexyl ring relative to the NR6R6\u2032 moiety substituted thereon.
50. The compound according to claim 1, wherein L is O.
51. The compound according to claim 1, wherein
R3 is H, halogen, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032, OH, O\u2014R\u2033, NH2, or NHR\u2033;
R4 is H, halogen, OH, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, or (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032;
R5 is H, halogen, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C2-C6)alkenylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C1-C6)alkylene-(C5-C10)heterocyclyl, NH2, NH\u2014R\u2032, NH\u2014SO2H, NH\u2014SO2\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014SO2\u2014R\u2032, NH\u2014C(O)\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014C(O)\u2014R\u2032, C(O)N(C1-C6)alkyl2, C(O)OH or C(O)O\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl;
R6 and R6\u2032 are independently of each other H, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C1-C8)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene-O\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkylene-O\u2014R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene-CHR\u20322, (C1-C6)alkylene-C(O)NH2, (C1-C6)alkylene-C(O)NH\u2014R\u2032, or (C1-C6)alkylene-C(O)NR\u20322;
R7 and R8 are independently of each other H, halogen, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, R\u2032, (C2-C6)alkenylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C1-C6)alkylene-R\u2032, NH2, NH\u2014R\u2032, NH\u2014SO2\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014SO2\u2014R\u2032, SO2\u2014NH2, SO2\u2014NHR\u2032, NH\u2014C(O)\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, NH\u2014C(O)\u2014R\u2032, C(O)N(C1-C6)alkyl2, C(O)OH, or C(O)O\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl;
n is 0, 1, 2; and
L is O or O\u2014(C1-C3)alkylene;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, stereoisomeric form thereof or physiologically functional derivative thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a stereoisomeric form thereof or physiologically functional derivative thereof, or stereoisomeric form of a physiologically functional derivative thereof.
52. The compound according to claim 1, wherein
R3 is H, halogen, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C2)alkylene-R\u2032 or NHR\u2033;
R4 is H, halogen, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C1-C2)alkylene-R\u2032;
R5 is H, halogen, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C2-C6)alkenylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C1-C6)alkylene-(C5-C10)heterocyclyl, NH2, NH\u2014R\u2032, NH\u2014C(O)\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, or C(O)N(C1-C6)alkyl2;
R6 and R6\u2032 are independently of each other H, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C1-C8)alkyl, or (C1-C3)alkylene-R\u2032;
R7 and R8 are independently of each other H, halogen, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, R\u2032, (C2-C3)alkenylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C1-C3)alkylene-R\u2032, NH\u2014R\u2032, NH\u2014SO2\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, or SO2\u2014NH2;
n is 0 or 1; and
L is O or O-methylene;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, stereoisomeric form thereof or physiologically functional derivative thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a stereoisomeric form thereof or physiologically functional derivative thereof, or stereoisomeric form of a physiologically functional derivative thereof.
53. The compound according to claim 1, wherein
R3 is H, halogen, CN, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C2)alkylene-R\u2032 or NHR\u2033;
R4 is H, halogen, CN, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, (C1-C2)alkylene-R\u2032;
R5 is H, halogen, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, R\u2032, (C1-C6)alkylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C2-C6)alkenylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C1-C6)alkylene-(C5-C10)heterocyclyl, or NH\u2014R\u2032;
R6 is H, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, or (C1-C4)alkyl;
R6\u2032 is H, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C1-C8)alkyl, or (C1-C3)alkylene-R\u2032;
R7 and R8 are independently of each other H, halogen, CN, NO2, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, R\u2032, (C2-C3)alkenylene-(C6-C10)aryl, (C1-C3)alkylene-R\u2032, NH\u2014SO2\u2014(C1-C6)alkyl, or SO2\u2014NH2;
R9 is halogen or (C1-C4)alkyl;
n is 0; and
L is O;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, stereoisomeric form thereof or physiologically functional derivative thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a stereoisomeric form thereof or physiologically functional derivative thereof, or stereoisomeric form of a physiologically functional derivative thereof.
54. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of at least one compound of the formula (I) and (I\u2032), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or stereoisomeric form thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a stereoisomeric form according to claim 1, and a physiologically tolerated excipient or carrier, or excipient and carrier and, where appropriate, a further additive or other active ingredient, or and additive and other active ingredient.