1-11. (canceled)
12. A decellularized adipose tissue comprising an extracellular matrix with well-preserved three-dimensional architecture, the extracellular matrix including fibrous collagen and network-type collagen.
13. The decellularized adipose tissue of claim 12, wherein the decellularized adipose tissue is substantially devoid of intact adipose cells.
14. The decellularized adipose tissue of claim 12, wherein the decellularized adipose tissue is substantially free of immunogenic components.
15-18. (canceled)
19. The decellularized adipose tissue of claim 12, including one or more proteoglycan, glycoprotein, or glycosaminoglycan, laminin, fibronectin, or any combination thereof.
20-21. (canceled)
22. The decellularized adipose tissue of claim 12, for use as a cell culture substrate.
23. The decellularized adipose tissue of claim 22, wherein the cell culture is for cell expansion andor cell differentiation andor for the production of bioproducts, including tissue and one or more proteins.
24-26. (canceled)
27. A bioscaffold prepared from the decellularized adipose tissue of claim 12.
28. The bioscaffold of claim 27, for use in a surgical procedure.
29. The bioscaffold of claim 28, wherein the surgical procedure is general surgery, reconstructive surgery, cosmetic surgery, cardiac surgery, orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery, or urological or gynaecological surgery.
30. The bioscaffold of claim 27, wherein the bioscaffold is used for wound healing applications.
31. The bioscaffold of claim 27, wherein the bioscaffold is used as a hemostatic agent.
32. (canceled)
33. The bioscaffold of claim 27, comprising one or more materials selected from decellularized extracellular matrix derived from a non-adipose tissue a synthetic material, a pharmaceutical composition, a hormone, a growth factor, and any combination thereof.
34. The bioscaffold of claim 27, wherein the bioscaffold is autologous or allogenic.
35. The bioscaffold of claim 27, wherein the bioscaffold is xenogenic.
36. A coating prepared from the decellularized adipose tissue of claim 47.
37. A microcarrier bead prepared from the decellularized adipose tissue of claim 47.
38. A microcarrier bead including the coating of claim 36.
39. The microcarrier bead of claim 37, for use as a cell andor drug andor growth factor delivery vehicle.
40. The microcarrier bead of claim 37, for use as a small volume-bulking agent in cosmetic or reconstructive surgery.
41. The microcarrier bead of claim 37, for use in fabrication of a composite bioscaffold with decellularized adipose tissue.
42. A particle prepared from the decellularized adipose tissue of claim 12.
43. A particle including the coating of claim 36.
44. The decellularized adipose tissue of claim 12, comprising at least one additive selected from seeded cells, a biomaterial, a pharmaceutical agent, a hormone, and a growth factor.
45. The decellularized adipose tissue of claim 12, comprising at least one additive selected from a hydrogel and a derivative of one or more of collagen, gelatin, hyaluronan, chondroitin sulphate, chitosan, alginate, silk, fibrin, protein, proteoglycan, glycosaminoglycan, and polysaccharide.
46. The decellularized adipose tissue of claim 12, comprising a hydrogel based on one or more of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-, polyethylene-, polyurethane-, polylactic acid (PLA)-, polyglycolic acid (PGA)-, and polylactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA), or a synthetic polymer incorporating one or more types of monomer.
47. The decellularized adipose tissue of claim 12, wherein the decellularized adipose tissue is digested and solubilized into a liquid.
48. A scaffold prepared from the decellularized adipose tissue of claim 47.
49. The coating of claim 36, wherein the coating is cross-linked.
50. The microcarrier bead of claim 37, wherein the microcarrier bead is cross-linked.
51. The microcarrier bead of claim 37, wherein the microcarrier bead is porous.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method comprising:
determining whether a user, who utilizes a computing device to interact with a computerized service, (A) is a user interacting with a non-virtualized computing device, or (B) is a Virtual Machine (VM) running on top of a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM);
wherein the determining comprises:
generating and introducing an interference into a communication session between the computerized service and the computing device;
monitoring response of the computing device to said interference;
based on the monitored response, determining whether said user, who utilizes the computing device to interact with a computerized service, (A) is a user interacting with a non-virtualized computing device, or (B) is a Virtual Machine (VM) running on top of a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the interference comprises duplicating a packet in said communication session between the computerized service and the computing device; wherein the determining comprises:
based on the response of the computing device to said interference of a duplicated packet, determining whether said user, who utilizes the computing device to interact with a computerized service, (A) is a user interacting with a non-virtualized computing device, or (B) is a Virtual Machine (VM) running on top of a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the interference comprises intentionally dropping a packet in said communication session between the computerized service and the computing device; wherein the determining comprises:
based on the response of the computing device to said interference of a dropped packet, determining whether said user, who utilizes the computing device to interact with a computerized service, (A) is a user interacting with a non-virtualized computing device, or (B) is a Virtual Machine (VM) running on top of a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the interference comprises inserting an error code into said communication session between the computerized service and the computing device;
wherein the determining comprises: based on the response of the computing device to said interference of error code insertion, determining whether said user, who utilizes the computing device to interact with a computerized service, (A) is a user interacting with a non-virtualized computing device, or (B) is a Virtual Machine (VM) running on top of a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM).
5. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the interference comprises generating network congestion in said communication session between the computerized service and the computing device;
wherein the determining comprises: based on the response of the computing device to said interference of network congestion, determining whether said user, who utilizes the computing device to interact with a computerized service, (A) is a user interacting with a non-virtualized computing device, or (B) is a Virtual Machine (VM) running on top of a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM).
6. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the interference comprises slowing-down network transport in said communication session between the computerized service and the computing device;
wherein the determining comprises: based on the response of the computing device to said interference of slowed-down network transport, determining whether said user, who utilizes the computing device to interact with a computerized service, (A) is a user interacting with a non-virtualized computing device, or (B) is a Virtual Machine (VM) running on top of a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM).
7. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the interference comprises generating latency in said communication session between the computerized service and the computing device;
wherein the determining comprises: based on the response of the computing device to said interference of latency, determining whether said user, who utilizes the computing device to interact with a computerized service, (A) is a user interacting with a non-virtualized computing device, or (B) is a Virtual Machine (VM) running on top of a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM).
8. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the interference comprises generating a communication error that causes a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) to handle the communication error without passing the communication error for handling by an underlying Virtual Machine (VM);
based on the handling of said communication error, determining that the computing device is a Virtual Machine (VM) running on a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM).
9. The method of claim 1, comprising:
generating a communication error that causes a packet to be handled by both (i) a virtualized network card of a Virtual Machine (VM), and (ii) a hardware network card of a computer on which said Virtual Machine (VM) is running;
detecting dual-handling of said packet due to said communication error;
based on said dual-handling, determining that said computing device is a Virtual Machine (VM).
10. The method of claim 1, comprising:
generating a communication error that causes a packet to be handled by both (i) a virtualized driver of a Virtual Machine (VM), and (ii) a non-virtualized driver of a computer on which said Virtual Machine (VM) is running;
detecting dual-handling of said packet due to said communication error;
based on said dual-handling, determining that said computing device is a Virtual Machine (VM).
11. The method of claim 1, comprising:
determining whether said computing device is defined by utilizing Network Address Translation (NAT) or by utilizing bridged networking;
based on a determination that said computing device is defined by utilizing Network Address Translation (NAT), determining that said computing device is a Virtual Machine (VM).
12. The method of claim 1, comprising:
generating a communication error that is typically handled by an end-user device at a communication layer that is higher than data link layer (L2);
monitoring the handling of said communication error by said computing device;
detecting that said communication error was handled at the data link layer (L2);
based on said detecting, determining that said computing device is a Virtual Machine (VM).
13. The method of claim 1, comprising:
measuring a time-to-live (TTL) value of packets transported from said computerized service to said computing device;
based on said TTL value, determining whether said user, who utilizes the computing device to interact with a computerized service, (A) is a user interacting with a non-virtualized computing device, or (B) is a Virtual Machine (VM) running on top of a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM).
14. The method of claim 1, comprising:
measuring a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) window size of said computing device;
based on said TCP window size of said computing device, determining whether said user, who utilizes the computing device to interact with a computerized service, (A) is a user interacting with a non-virtualized computing device, or (B) is a Virtual Machine (VM) running on top of a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM).
15. The method of claim 1, comprising:
storing in a repository profiles of multiple computing stacks of Virtual Machines (VMs);
during the communication session between said computerized service and said computing device, generating an ad-hoc computing stack profile of said computing device;
if the ad-hoc computing stack profile of said computing device matches a previously-stored profile of computing stack of Virtual Machine (VM), then determining that said computing device is a Virtual Machine (VM).
16. The method of claim 1, comprising:
storing in a repository profiles of multiple computing stacks of non-virtualized computing platforms;
during the communication session between said computerized service and said computing device, generating an ad-hoc computing stack profile of said computing device;
if the ad-hoc computing stack profile of said computing device matches a previously-stored profile of a computing stack of non-virtualized computing platform, then determining that said computing device is a non-virtualized computing platform.
17. The method of claim 1, comprising:
estimating two or more parameters of a computing stack of said computing device;
generating a weighted score based on said two or more parameters of the computing stack of said computing device;
if the weighted score matches a previously-calculated score that typically characterizes a Virtual Machine (VM), then determining that said computing device is a Virtual Machine (VM).
18. The method of claim 1, comprising:
causing said computing device to perform a processing-intensive process, and monitoring progress of said processing-intensive process;
based on monitored progress of said processing-intensive process, estimating whether said computing device is a single-core computing device or a multiple-core computing device;
if it is estimated that said computing device is a single-core computing device, then determining that said computing device is a Virtual Machine (VM).
19. The method of claim 1, comprising:
causing said computing device to perform a resource-overloading process, and monitoring progress of said resource-overloading process;
based on monitored progress of said processing-intensive process, estimating whether said computing device is a high-resource computing device or a low-resource computing device;
if it is estimated that said computing device is a low-resource computing device, then determining that said computing device is a Virtual Machine (VM).
20. The method of claim 1, comprising:
causing said computing device to invoke a process that attempts to directly access a graphics card of said computing device;
monitoring whether or not said process successfully accessed directly the graphics card of said computing device;
if it is detected that said process did not successfully access directly the graphics card of said computing device, then determining that said computing device is a Virtual Machine (VM).
21. The method of claim 1, comprising:
causing said computing device to invoke a process that attempts to draw a particular on-screen graphic item that can be drawn only by direct access to a graphics card of said computing device;
monitoring whether or not said process successfully drew said graphic item;
if it is detected that said process did not successfully draw said graphic item, then determining that said computing device is a Virtual Machine (VM).