1. A system operating an engine upon two fuels using heightened boost pressure and the secondary fuel to provide equivalent power as the primary fuel, comprising:
an engine having at least two cylinders, an exhaust manifold, at least a turbocharger, a wastegate control relating to said turbocharger, and an intake manifold;
a source for the primary fuel;
a source for the secondary fuel;
a delivery system for the primary fuel;
a delivery system for the secondary fuel; and,
an engine control module having algorithms and parameters commanding delivery of said secondary fuel to said engine at a higher boost pressure when detecting a high load demand condition upon said engine, and alternatively commanding delivery of said primary fuel to said engine when detecting a low load demand condition upon said engine.
2. The engine operating system using two fuels of claim 1 wherein said primary fuel is gasoline of at least 85 octane.
3. The engine operating system using two fuels of claim 2 wherein said secondary fuel has a lower stoichiometric ratio than that of gasoline and has at least 100 octane.
4. The engine operating system using two fuels of claim 1 further comprising:
a revolutions per minute sensor measuring said engine;
a throttle position sensor;
a manifold pressure sensor;
an intake boost pressure sensor;
an airflow sensor;
a transmission gear range sensor;
a fuel sensor measuring the level of said primary fuel in its source; and, another fuel sensor measuring the level of said secondary fuel in its source.
5. The engine operating system using two fuels of claim 4 further comprising:
said engine control module receiving and processing input from:
said revolutions per minute sensor,
said throttle position sensor,
said manifold pressure sensor,
said transmission gear range sensor,
said throttle position sensor,
said manifold pressure sensor,
said airflow sensor,
said transmission gear range sensor,
said fuel sensor measuring the level of said primary fuel in its source, and,
said other fuel sensor measuring the level of said secondary fuel in its source;
said engine control module receiving intake boost pressure readings from a sensor with said wastegate control modulating this boost pressure;
said engine control module determining engine load demands by application of algorithms and parameters operating upon sensed changes in operation of said engine;
said engine control module, once having determined the state of said engine, commands higher intake boost pressure through operation of said waste gate control, and delivers one of said primary fuel or said secondary fuel to said engine; and,
said engine control module commanding said delivery system of said primary fuel to supply said primary fuel to said engine when said sensor of said secondary fuel detects an absence of said secondary fuel in the tank, and alternatively commanding said delivery system of said secondary fuel to supply said secondary fuel to said engine when said sensor of said primary fuel detects an absence of said primary fuel in the tank.
6. The engine operating system using two fuels of claim 5 further comprising:
said delivery system of said primary fuel delivering to each of said cylinders; and,
said delivery system of said secondary fuel delivering to each of said cylinders separately from said delivery system of said primary fuel.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An apparatus for estimating a fluid property downhole, the apparatus comprising:
a body having an elongated cavity defined by an electrically conductive inner surface;
a central electrical conductor located coaxially within the cavity, wherein an annular region is defined by the cavity inner surface and an outer surface of the electrical conductor;
a first electrode coupled to the central electrode;
a second electrode coupled to the central electrode; and
at least one intermediate electrode coupled to the central electrode between the first electrode and the second electrode,
wherein an input signal applied to the central electrode and at least a first output signal emitted from the second electrode and a second output signal emitted from the at least one intermediate electrode are used in part to estimate the fluid property of a fluid existing in the annular region.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the input signal comprises a sweep signal.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the input signal comprises a sinusoidal signal.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the input signal comprises a radio frequency signal.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the estimated fluid property comprises fluid conductivity.
6. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the estimated fluid property comprises fluid dielectric constant.
7. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one intermediate electrode comprises at least two intermediate electrodes.
8. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one intermediate electrode comprises at least three intermediate electrodes.
9. An apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a transmitter that transmits the input signal to the central conductor.
10. An apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the transmitter comprises two switching transmitters.
11. An apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising receiver that receives the first output signal and the second output signal.
12. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the receiver comprises a plurality of receiving channels, each of the plurality of receiving channels receiving an output signal.
13. An apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the receiver comprises a multiplexed receiving channel for receiving the first output signal and the second output signal.
14. An apparatus for estimating a fluid property downhole, the apparatus comprising:
a carrier that is transportable to a downwhole well borehole location;
a sensor body coupled to the carrier, the sensor body having an internal elongated cavity having an electrically conductive inner surface, an inflow fluid passageway for flowing a high-pressure fluid into the internal elongated cavity and an outflow fluid passageway for flowing high-pressure fluid from the internal elongated passageway;
a central electrical conductor positioned coaxially in the internal elongated cavity such that fluid entering the elongated cavity flows within an annular space between the central electrical conductor and the electrically conductive wall, the central electrical conductor and electrically conductive wall forming a wave guide;
a first electrically conductive electrode that receives an electrical input signal from a transmitter, the first electrically conductive electrode being connected to a first end of the central electrical conductor;
a second electrically conductive electrode that emits a first return signal to a receiver, the second electrically conductive electrode being connected to a second end of the central electrical conductor; and
at least one intermediate electrode that emits a second return signal to the receiver, the at least one intermediate lead being connected to the central electrical conductor between the first electrically conductive electrode and the second electrically conductive electrode, wherein the first return signal and second return signal are indicative of the fluid property.
15. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the intermediate electrode comprises at least two intermediate electrodes.
16. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the intermediate electrode comprises at least three intermediate electrodes.
17. A method for estimating a fluid property downhole, the method comprising:
carrying a sensor to a downhole location using a carrier, the sensor including a body having an elongated cavity defined by an electrically conductive inner surface, an central electrical conductor located coaxially within the cavity, wherein an annular region is defined by the cavity inner surface and an outer surface of the electrical conductor, a first electrode coupled to the central electrode, a second electrode coupled to the central electrode, and at least one intermediate electrode coupled to the central electrode between the first electrode and the second electrode;
flowing a fluid into the annular region;
transmitting an input signal to the central electrode;
emitting a first output signal from the second electrode;
emitting a second output signal from the at least one intermediate electrode; and
using the emitted first output signal and the emitted second output signal in part to estimate the fluid property of the fluid existing in the annular region.
18. A method according to claim 17, further comprising transmitting the input signal to the central conductor using a transmitter.
19. A method according to claim 17, wherein the input signal comprises one or more of a sweep signal, a sinusoidal signal, and a radio frequency signal.
20. A method according to claim 17, wherein the estimated fluid property comprises at least one of fluid conductivity and fluid dielectric constant.
21. A method according to claim 17, wherein the at least one intermediate electrode comprises at least two intermediate electrodes, the method further comprising determining a differential signal from output signals emitted by each of the at least two intermediate electrodes.