1. A method for wireless communication in a wireless communications network, comprising:
determining a first traffic volume served between a first cell and a user equipment (UE);
determining a second traffic volume served between a second cell and the UE; and
reporting at least one of the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume to a node of the wireless communication network.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume are associated with a same stream of traffic.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the first traffic volume or the second traffic volume comprises traffic associated with one or more of an Access Point Name (APN), a default data bearer, a dedicated data bearer, an IP flow, or a TCP connection.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic volume is charged differently than the second traffic volume.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first cell utilizes a licensed radio frequency spectrum band and the second cell utilizes an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first cell and the second cell utilize different radio access technologies (RATs).
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume are determined for one or more of downlink traffic volume or uplink traffic volume.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume comprise data traffic volumes.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume comprise at least one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling traffic volumes, network access stratum (NAS) signaling traffic volumes, and control channel physical signaling traffic volumes.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume comprise traffic volumes for each radio bearer served by the first cell and the second cell.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume comprise traffic volumes for each service data flow (SDF) provided by the first cell and the second cell.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume are reported using one or more of a S1-U interface, a GTP-U header, a S1-MME interface, or a Charging Data Function (CDF).
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the reporting of the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume is performed periodically.
14. A method for determining user equipment (UE) charge information by a first network element in a wireless communications network, comprising:
receiving at least a first traffic volume and a second traffic volume for the UE, wherein the first traffic volume indicates an amount of traffic served between the UE and a first cell, and the second traffic volume indicates an amount of traffic served between the UE and a second cell; and
generating a charging data record based on the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first and second traffic volumes are associated with a same stream of traffic provided to the UE.
16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
forwarding the received first traffic volume and the second traffic volume to a second network element, wherein the first network element comprises one or more of a mobility management entity (MME) or a serving gateway, and the second network element comprises one or more of a serving gateway or packet data network gateway.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein generating the charging data record comprises:
calculating a charge for the first traffic volume based on a first charge rate; and
calculating a charge for the second traffic volume based on a second charge rate that is different than the first charge rate.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein the second wireless connection between the second cell and the UE is established using an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band.
19. The method of claim 14, wherein the second wireless connection and the first wireless connection utilize different radio access technologies (RATs).
20. An apparatus for wireless communication in a wireless communications network, comprising:
a first traffic determination module for determining a first traffic volume served between a first cell and a user equipment (UE);
a second traffic determination module for determining a second traffic volume served between a second cell and the UE; and
a cell management module for reporting at least one of the first traffic volume and the second traffic volumes to a node of the wireless communication network.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume are associated with a same stream of traffic.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the first traffic volume is charged differently than the second traffic volume.
23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the first cell utilizes a licensed radio frequency spectrum band and the second cell utilizes an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band.
24. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the first cell and the second cell utilize different radio access technologies (RATs).
25. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume are reported using one or more of a S1-U interface, a GTP-U header, a S1-MME interface, or a Charging Data Function (CDF).
26. An apparatus for determining user equipment (UE) charge information by a first network element in a wireless communications network, comprising:
a traffic volume module for receiving at least a first traffic volume and a second traffic volume for the UE, wherein the first traffic volume indicates an amount of traffic served between the UE and a first cell, and the second traffic volume indicates an amount of traffic served between the UE and a second cell; and
an identification module for generating a charging data record based on the first traffic volume and the second traffic volume.
27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first and second traffic volumes are associated with a same stream of traffic provided to the UE.
28. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising:
a communications management module for forwarding the received first traffic volume and the second traffic volume to a second network element, wherein the first network element comprises one or more of a mobility management entity (MME) or a serving gateway, and the second network element comprises one or more of a serving gateway or packet data network gateway.
29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the second wireless connection between the second cell and the UE is established using an unlicensed radio frequency spectrum band.
30. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the second wireless connection and the first wireless connection utilize different radio access technologies (RATs).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A polymer electrolyte obtained by cross linking the polymer having a substituent having a terminal sulfonic acid group comprising Formula (1) at a side chain:
where n is a number in the range of about 1 to about 5.
2. The polymer electrolyte of claim 1, further comprising:
where each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a substituted or non-substituted C1-6 alkyl group, and a halogen atom; where n is a number in the range of about 10 to about 1000; and where R is the substituent comprising Formula (1).
3. The polymer electrolyte of claim 2, wherein the polymer comprising Formula (2) further comprises a repeating unit comprising:
where each of R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and R14 is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a substituted or non-substituted C1-6 alkyl group, and a halogen atom.
4. The polymer electrolyte of claim 3, wherein the polymer comprising Formula (2), further comprises the repeating unit having Formula (3), and comprises Formula (4):
where each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and R14 is independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a substituted or non-substituted C1-6 alkyl group, and a halogen atom; where n is a number in the range of about 5 to about 1000; where m is a number in the range of about 5 to about 1000; where mn is a number in the range of about 0.001 to about 5; and where R is the substituent comprising Formula (1).
5. The polymer electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the polymer comprises:
where Ar is a tetravalent aromatic or aliphatic organic group; X is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, a C1-6 alkylene group,
where n is a number in the range of about 3 to about 1000; and where R is the substituent comprising Formula (1).
6. The polymer electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the polymer comprises:
where Ar1 is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, a substituted or non-substituted C1-6 alkylene group, and a substituted or non-substituted C6-20 arylene group; where X is selected from the group consisting of a single bond, \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014, a C1-6 alkylene group,
where n is a number in the range of about 3 to about 1000; and where R is the substituent comprising Formula (1).
7. A fuel cell comprising:
a polymer electrolyte obtained by cross linking the polymer having a substituent having a terminal sulfonic acid group comprising Formula (1) at a side chain:
where n is a number in the range of about 1 to about 5.