1. A detector assembly for a computed tomography scanner having an x-ray source to provide an x-ray beam, the detector assembly comprising:
a gantry having a center line extending from the x-ray source and dividing the gantry into two substantially equal-sized halves;
a first plurality of detectors disposed on a first half of the gantry forming a first sub-array having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is disposed near the centerline and the second end is disposed further from the centerline, the first sub-array disposed to receive a first portion of the x-ray beam extending in an angular direction from the first end to the second end; and
a second plurality of detectors disposed on the first half of the gantry forming a second sub-array, the second sub-array having a first end and a second end, where in the first end is disposed closer to the centerline than the second end, the second sub-array disposed to receive a second portion of the x-ray beam that is adjacent the first angular extent and extends further from the center line than the first angular extent, wherein the second end of the first sub-array is disposed closer to the center line than the first end of the second sub-array.
2. The detector assembly of claim 1 comprising:
a third plurality of detectors disposed on the first half of the gantry forming a third sub-array, the third sub-array having a first end, the third sub-array disposed to receive a third portion of the x-ray beam that is adjacent the second portion of the x-ray beam and extends further from the center line than the second portion of the x-ray beam, wherein the second end of the second sub-array is disposed closer to the center line than the first end of the third sub-array.
3. The detector assembly of claim 2 comprising:
a fourth plurality of detectors disposed on a second half of the gantry forming a fourth sub-array having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is disposed near the centerline and the second end is disposed further from the centerline, the fourth sub-array disposed to receive a fourth portion of the x-ray beam extending in an angular direction from the first end to the second end; and
a fifth plurality of detectors disposed on the second half of the gantry forming a fifth sub-array having a first end and a second end, the fifth sub-array disposed to receive a fifth portion of the x-ray beam that is adjacent the fourth portion of the x-ray beam and extends further from the center line than the fourth portion of the x-ray beam, wherein the second end of the fourth sub-array is disposed closer to the center line than the first end of the fifth sub-array.
4. The detector assembly of claim 3 comprising:
a sixth plurality of detectors disposed on the second half of the gantry forming a sixth sub-array having a first end, the sixth sub-array disposed to receive a sixth portion of the x-ray beam that is adjacent the fifth portion of the x-ray beam and extends further from the center line than the fifth portion of the x-ray beam, wherein the second end of the fifth sub-array is disposed closer to the center line than the first end of the sixth sub-array.
5. The detector assembly of claim 3 wherein the fifth plurality of detectors is mounted with a gap between the first end of the fifth sub-array and the second end of the fourth sub-array.
6. The detector assembly of claim 3 wherein the fourth and fifth detector sub-arrays are symmetrically disposed opposite of the first and second detector sub-arrays.
7. The detector assembly of claim 3 wherein there is a gap between the first end of the first sub-array and the first end of the fourth sub-array.
8. The detector assembly of claim 3 wherein the first and second detector sub-arrays are sensitive to a first energy spectrum, and the fourth and fifth detector sub-arrays are sensitive to a second energy spectrum.
9. The detector assembly of claim 1 wherein the second plurality of detectors is mounted with a gap between the first end of the second sub-array and the second end of the first sub-array.
10. The detector assembly of claim 1 wherein the x-ray source is a gamma radiation source.
11. A medical computed tomography (CT) scanner, comprising:
a tunnel;
a conveyor for moving a patient within the tunnel;
an x-ray source;
a gantry rotatable around the tunnel, the gantry having a center line extending from the x-ray source and dividing the gantry into two substantially equal-sized halves;
a first plurality of detectors disposed on a first half of the gantry forming a first sub-array having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is disposed near the centerline and the second end is disposed further from the centerline, the first sub-array disposed to receive a first portion of the x-ray beam extending in an angular direction from the first end to the second end; and
a second plurality of detectors disposed on the first half of the gantry forming a second sub-array, the second sub-array having a first end and a second end, the second sub-array disposed to receive a second portion of the x-ray beam that is adjacent the first portion of the x-ray beam and extends further from the center line than the first portion of the x-ray beam, wherein the second end of the first sub-array is disposed closer to the center line than the first end of the second sub-array.
12. The medical computed tomography (CT) scanner of claim 11 wherein the second plurality of detectors is mounted with a gap between the first end of the second sub-array and the second end of the first sub-array.
13. The medical computed tomography (CT) scanner of claim 11 comprising a computer for processing data from the CT scanner and for reconstructing an image.
14. The medical computed tomography (CT) scanner of claim 13 comprising at least one operator review station for displaying the reconstructed image.
15. The medical computed tomography (CT) scanner of claim 14 comprising a network for transferring the reconstructed image from the CT scanner to the at least one operator review station.
16. A medical CT scanner for scanning of a patient, the scanner comprising:
a tunnel;
a conveyor for moving the patient within the tunnel;
a gantry rotatable around the tunnel;
an x-ray source connected to the gantry and configured to provide an x-ray beam substantially perpendicular to the tunnel;
a first plurality of detectors connected to the gantry and positioned a first distance from, and opposite, the x-ray source;
a second plurality of detectors connected to the gantry and positioned a second distance from the x-ray source, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance; and
a third plurality of detectors connected to the gantry and positioned substantially the second distance from the x-ray source.
17. The medical CT scanner of claim 16 wherein the x-ray beam intersects substantially an entire cross-section of the tunnel substantially transverse to a length of the tunnel.
18. The medical CT scanner of claim 16 wherein the first, second, and third pluralities of detectors combined are configured and disposed to receive substantially all of the x-ray beam passing through the tunnel in the cross-section.
19. The medical CT scanner of claim 16 wherein a distance between adjacent detectors in the first plurality of detectors is different than a distance between adjacent detectors in the second plurality of detectors.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for manufacturing a metal oxide thin film structure, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a metal oxide salt solution containing a first metal oxide selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum gallate, barium cerate, barium zirconate, bismuth oxide, and doped forms thereof;
(2) dispersing a nanopowder of a second metal oxide selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, lanthanum gallate, barium cerate, barium zirconate, bismuth oxide, and doped forms thereof, into a portion of the metal oxide salt solution, to prepare a metal oxide powder dispersed sol;
(3) coating a porous substrate with the metal oxide powder dispersed sol;
(4) coating the resulting substrate with the metal oxide salt solution prepared in step (1); and
(5) sintering the resulting substrate to prepare a metal oxide thin film structure, wherein two or more metal oxide powder dispersed sols having different contents are prepared in step (2); and the porous substrate employed in step (3) is coated therewith at different degrees, and wherein the amount of the nanopowder of second metal oxide is at most 20 wt % based on the total weight of the metal oxide powder dispersed sol.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein two or more metal oxide salt solutions having different concentrations of the first metal oxide are prepared in step (1); and, in step (4), the substrate is coated with each of the metal oxide salt solutions at different degrees.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second metal oxide are each selected from the group consisting of samaria-doped ceria (SDC), oxides comprise samaria-doped ceria (SDC) gadolia-doped ceria (GDC), yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), scandia-stabilized zirconia (ScSZ), strontium manganese-doped lanthanum galate (LSGM) and silver yttria-doped bismuth oxide (YDB).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein both the first and second metal oxides are YSZ.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second metal oxide nanopowder has an average particle size of 1 to 990 nm.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second metal oxide nanopowder is dispersed in the metal oxide salt solution in an amount of 1 to 50 wt % based on the total weight of the metal oxide powder dispersed sol.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the coatings in steps (3) and (4) are conducted by a method selected from the group consisting of spin coating, dipping, spray pyrolysis, electro-static spray deposition (ESD) and a combination thereof.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein step (3) or (4) is repeated more than once.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal oxide thin film structure has a metal oxide thin film having a thickness of 0.1 to 30 \u03bcm formed on the porous substrate.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sintering temperature in step (5) is 600\xb0 C. or higher.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous substrate is selected from the group consisting of a porous metal-ceramic composite, a porous ceramic insulator, a porous metal composite, a porous silicon composite, and a porous alumina.
12. A metal oxide thin film structure manufactured by the method according to any one of claims 1 and 2 to 11.
13. A solid oxide fuel cell comprising the metal oxide thin film structure of claim claim 12.