1. An apparatus, comprising:
a housing;
an image sensor coupled to the housing;
a first non-imaging optical system coupled to the housing and configured to output light to a surface to produce a scattered light component and a first specular reflected light component,
the image sensor and the first non-imaging optical system collectively configured such that, during operation, the image sensor receives from a surface (1) at least a portion of the scattered light component and not the first specular reflected light component or (2) at least a portion of the scattered light component having a magnitude and at least a portion of the first specular reflective light component having a magnitude less than the magnitude of the portion of the scattered light component; and
a second non-imaging optical system coupled to the housing and configured to output light to the surface to produce a second secular reflected light component; and
a controller configured to selectively deactivate the first non-imaging optical system and the second non-imaging optical system based on at least one of the magnitude of the first specular reflective light component received by the image sensor or a magnitude of the second specular reflective light component received by the image sensor.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the image sensor has a field of view and an optical axis;
the first non-imaging optical system configured to output light to produce the first specular reflected light component at a non-zero angle relative to the optical axis of the image sensor, the first specular reflected light component having a lobe width less than the angle.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the image sensor has a field of view,
the first non-imaging optical system is configured to send light along a first optical path from at least a first location of the housing, and
the second non-imaging optical system is configured to send light along a second optical path from at least a second location of the housing, at least a portion of the field of view being between the first location and the second location.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the image sensor has a field of view,
the first non-imaging optical system includes a first light source, a first refractive optical component, and a first reflective optical component collectively configured to send light along a first optical path from at least a first location of the housing, and
the second non-imaging optical system includes a second light source, a second refractive optical component and a second reflective optical component collectively configured to send light along a second optical path from at least a second location of the housing, at least a portion of the field of view being between the first location and the second location.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first non-imaging optical system and the image sensor are collectively configured to define a first image path having an optical axis, and
the second non-imaging optical system and the image sensor are collectively configured to define a second image path having an optical axis, the apparatus further comprising:
a light source having an optical axis non-parallel to the optical axis of the first image path and the optical axis of the second image path.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the image sensor and the first non-imaging optical system are collectively configured such that, during operation, the image sensor receives at least a portion of the first specular reflected light component, a magnitude of the first specular reflected light component being greater than the magnitude of the scattered light component.
7. An apparatus, comprising:
a housing;
an image sensor coupled to the housing and having a field of view;
a non-imaging optical system coupled to the housing, the non-imaging optical system including a first light source configured to output light from at least a first location of the housing and a second light source configured to output light from at least a second location of the housing, at least a portion of the field of view being between and excluding the first location and the second location,
the image sensor configured to receive from a surface at least one of (1) a scattered light component associated with the first location, or (2) a scattered light component associated with the second location,
the image sensor configured to receive from the surface a specular light component associated with the first light source and having a first magnitude when the housing is in a first orientation relative to the surface,
the image sensor configured to receive from the surface a specular light component associated with the first light source and having a second magnitude when the housing is in a second orientation relative to the surface; and
a controller configured to selectively deactivate the first light source based on at least one of the first magnitude or the second magnitude.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein:
the image sensor has an optical axis, and
the non-imaging optical system is configured to output light to produce a specular reflected light component from the first location at a non-zero angle relative to the optical axis of the image sensor, the specular reflected light component having a lobe width less than the angle.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein:
the non-imaging optical system includes, a first optical component, and a second optical component,
the first light source and the first optical component are collectively configured to send light along a first optical path from at least the first location to the surface, and
the second light source and the second optical component are collectively configured to send light along a second optical path from at least the second location to the surface, at least a portion of the field of view being between the first location and the second location.
10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein:
the image sensor and the non-imaging optical system are collectively configured such that the image sensor, does not receive a specular light component associated with the first location when the first light source is active and the housing is in the first orientation relative to the surface,
the image sensor and the non-imaging optical system are collectively configured such that the image sensor would receive a secular light component associated with the second location when the second light source is active and the housing is in the first orientation relative to the surface, and
the controller is configured to deactivate the second light source when the housing is in the second location such that the image sensor does not receive the specular light component associated with the second location and the second light source when the housing is in the first orientation relative to the surface.
11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein:
the image sensor and the non-imaging optical system are collectively configured such that the image sensor (1) does not receive a specular reflected light component associated with the first location when the housing is in the first orientation relative to the housing or (2) receives a specular reflected light component associated with the first location when the housing is in the first orientation relative to the housing and having a magnitude less than a magnitude of the at least one of the scattered light component associated with the first location or the scattered light component associated with the second location.
12. An apparatus, comprising:
a stylus housing configured to be used with an electronic device;
an image sensor coupled to the stylus housing, the image sensor defining an optical axis and a field of view; and
a non-imaging optical system coupled to the stylus housing and configured to output light to a surface along a first optical path when the stylus housing is in a first orientation relative to the surface, the first optical path having an optical axis non-parallel to the optical axis of the image sensor to produce a first specular reflection,
the non-imaging optical system configured to output light to the surface along a second optical path when the stylus housing is in a second orientation relative to the surface to produce a second specular reflection,
a controller configured to prevent light from being output from at least one of the first optical path or the second optical path such that the image sensor does not receive the first specular reflection and the second specular reflection.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein:
the non-imaging optical system is configured to output light to the surface to produce a scattered light component, and
the image sensor and the non-imaging optical system are collectively configured such that, during operation, the image sensor receives at least a portion of the scattered light component.
14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein:
the non-imaging optical system is configured to output light from the first optical path at least a first location of the stylus housing, and
the non-imaging optical system is configured to output light from the second optical path at least a second location of the stylus housing, at least a portion of the field of view being between the first location and the second location.
15. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising:
a first optical component and a second optical component each operatively coupled to the image sensor, the first optical component and the image sensor collectively configured to define a first image path having an optical axis, the second optical component and the image sensor collectively configured to define a second image path having an optical axis,
the non-imaging optical system including a light source having an optical axis non-parallel to the optical axis of the first image path and the optical axis of the second image path.
16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first orientation is associated with an axis of stylus housing being disposed at a first oblique angle relative to the surface and the second orientation is associated with the axis of the stylus housing being disposed at a second oblique angle relative to the surface, the first oblique angle different from the second oblique angle.
17. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first orientation is associated with an axis of stylus housing being disposed at a first oblique angle relative to the surface and the second orientation is associated with the axis of the stylus housing being disposed at a second oblique angle relative to the surface, the first oblique angle different from the second oblique angle.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride salt, designated as Form II, characterized by one or more of the following:
a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks at 5.0, 9.9, 15.7, 19.8 and 22.1 degrees two theta\xb10.2 degrees two theta;
a powder X-ray diffraction pattern substantially as depicted in FIG. 1;
a solid-state 13C NMR spectrum having characteristic peaks at 51.0, 114.5, 132.3, 138.0 and 139.5 ppm, \xb10.2 ppm;
a solid state 13C NMR spectrum having chemical shift differences between said characteristic peaks and a peak at 120.9 ppm\xb10.2 ppm of \u221269.9, \u22126.4, 11.4, 17.1 and 18.6\xb10.1 ppm, respectively;
a solid state 13C NMR spectrum substantially as shown in FIG. 3;
or any combination of these data.
2. The crystalline form of claim 1, characterized by a powder X-ray diffraction pattern having peaks at 5.0, 9.9, 15.7, 19.8 and 22.1, further characterized by an additional one, two, three, four or five PXRD peaks selected from 18.5, 20.4, 21.0, 23.8 and 26.7 degrees two theta\xb10.2 degrees two theta.
3. The crystalline form of claim 1, further characterized by one or more of the following:
a DSC thermogram substantially as depicted in FIG. 2;
a broad dehydrochlorination DSC endotherm between 166\xb0 C. (\xb15\xb0 C.) and 197\xb0 C. (\xb15\xb0 C.),
a DSC melting peak at about 270.8\xb0 C. (\xb11\xb0 C.), and DSC melting onset at about 268.1\xb0 C. (\xb11\xb0 C.),
or a combination thereof.
4. The crystalline form of claim 1, wherein the crystalline form is an anhydrous form.
5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride according to claim 1.
6. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising
the crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride according to claim 1, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising the crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride according to claim 1,
and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
7. (canceled)
8. A process for preparing the pharmaceutical formulation according to claim 6 comprising
combining the crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride or the pharmaceutical composition, with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
9. (canceled)
10. (canceled)
11. A method of treating a subject suffering from cancer, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of
a crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride according to claim 1,
a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride according to claim 1
a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride according to claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient
or a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a pharmaceutical composition comprising a crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride according to claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
12. (canceled)
13. A process for preparing Vemurafenib comprising
preparing a crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride according to claim 1, and
converting the crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride to Vemurafenib.
14. The process according to claim 13, wherein the conversion is accomplished by a process comprising basifying the crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride to obtain the Vemurafenib.
15. A process for preparing a Vemurafenib salt comprising
preparing a crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride according to claim 1, and
converting the crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride to the Vemurafenib salt.
16. The process according to claim 15, wherein the conversion is accomplished by a process comprising basifying the crystalline form of Vemurafenib hydrochloride to obtain Vemurafenib and adding an acid or a base to obtain the Vemurafenib as the addition or base addition salt.