What is claimed is:
1. A dielectric element comprising an Ru layer, a Pt layer, a dielectric layer, and a Pt layer, which are sequentially deposited on a substrate, wherein the dielectric layer is a ferroelectric layer.
2. The dielectric element according to claim 1, wherein the ferroelectric layer is formed by using a coating solution for forming a Bi-based ferroelectric layer containing a Bi alkoxide, an A metal alkoxide, where A represents at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of Bi, Pb, Ba, Sr, Ca, Na, K, and rare earth metallic elements, and a B metal alkoxide, where B represents at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, W, Mo, Fe, Co, and Cr.
3. The dielectric element according to claim 2, wherein the coating solution for forming a Bi-based ferroelectric layer is a coating solution for forming a ferroelectric layer containing a Bi layered compound represented by the following general formula (I):
(Bi2O2)2(Am1BmO3m1)2(I)
where A represents at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of Bi, Pb, Ba, Sr, Ca, Na, K, and rare earth metallic elements; B represents at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, W, Mo, Fe, Co, and Cr; and m is an integer of 1-5.
4. The dielectric element according to claim 2, wherein the coating solution for forming a Bi-based ferroelectric layer is a coating solution for forming a ferroelectric layer containing a Bi layered compound represented by the following general formula (II):
Sr1xBi2y(Ta2z,Nbz)O9(II)
where 0x, y and , independently <1 ; 0z<2.
5. The dielectric element according to claim 1, wherein a processing dimension of the element is 0.5 m or less.
6. A method for fabricating a dielectric element, comprising:
(I) forming an Ru layer on a substrate;
(II) forming a photoresist layer on the Ru layer;
(III) selectively exposing the photoresist layer, and forming a photoresist pattern as a mask on the Ru layer;
(IV) forming a Pt layer, which is to be a lower electrode, on an exposed or unmasked area of the Ru layer by electroplating using a Pt plating solution utilizing the Ru layer as an electroplating electrode;
(V) removing the photoresist pattern and the Ru layer provided thereunder;
(VI) forming a dielectric layer on the Pt layer; and
(VII) forming a conductive layer, which is to be an upper electrode, on the dielectric layer.
7. The method for fabricating a dielectric element according to claim 6, wherein the conductive layer (upper electrode) in the step (VII) is a Pt layer.
8. The method for fabricating a dielectric element according to claim 7, wherein the Pt layer is formed by an electroplating method.
9. A dielectric element comprising a Pt layer, a dielectric layer, an Ru layer, and a Pt layer, which are sequentially deposited on a substrate.
10. The dielectric element according to claim 9, wherein a processing dimension of the element is 0.5 m or less.
11. A method for fabricating a dielectric element, comprising:
(I) forming a conductive layer, which is to be a lower electrode, on a substrate;
(II) forming a dielectric layer on the conductive layer;
(III) forming an Ru layer on the dielectric layer;
(IV) forming a photoresist layer on the Ru layer;
(V) selectively exposing the photoresist layer, and forming a photoresist pattern as a mask on the Ru layer;
(VI) forming a Pt layer, which is to be an upper electrode, on an exposed or unmasked area of the Ru layer by electroplating using a Pt plating solution utilizing the Ru layer as an electroplating electrode; and
(VII) removing the photoresist pattern and the Ru layer provided thereunder.
12. The method for fabricating a dielectric element according to claim 11, wherein the conductive layer (lower electrode) in the step (I) is a Pt layer.
13. The method for fabricating a dielectric element according to claim 12, wherein the Pt layer is formed by electroplating.
14. A dielectric element comprising an Ru layer, a Pt layer, a dielectric layer, an Ru layer, and a Pt layer, which are sequentially deposited on a substrate.
15. The dielectric element according to claim 14, wherein a processing dimension of the element is 0.5 m or less.
16. A method for fabricating a dielectric element, comprising:
(I) forming an Ru layer on a substrate;
(II) forming a photoresist layer on the Ru layer;
(III) selectively exposing the photoresist layer, and forming a photoresist pattern as a mask on the Ru layer;
(IV) forming a Pt layer, which is to be a lower electrode, on an exposed or unmasked area of the Ru layer by electroplating using a Pt plating solution utilizing the Ru layer as an electroplating electrode;
(V) removing the photoresist pattern and the Ru layer provided thereunder;
(VI) forming a dielectric layer on the Pt layer;
(VII) forming an Ru layer on the dielectric layer;
(VIII) forming a photoresist layer on the Ru layer;
(IX) selectively exposing the photoresist layer, and forming a photoresist pattern as a mask on the Ru layer;
(X) forming a Pt layer, which is to be an upper electrode, on an exposed or unmasked area of the Ru layer by electroplating using a Pt plating solution utilizing the Ru layer as an electroplating electrode; and
(XI) removing the photoresist pattern and the Ru layer provided thereunder.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A computer-implemented method for excluding a user’s activity information from statistics related to user activity in a collaborative environment, the method comprising:
in a processor of a service provider server, the processor coupled to a data store and a network interface:
providing via the network interface, one or more user interfaces to a plurality of user computer systems for user interactions with the service provider server in the collaborative environment;
receiving, by the processor via the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems, a request to exclude reporting of an activity of a user of the plurality of users in the collaborative environment;
associating, by the processor in the data store, an indication of an exclusion with a user data item describing the user of the plurality of users, based on the request to exclude the reporting of the activity of the user, wherein a plurality of user data items in the data store describe the plurality of users in the collaborative environment;
receiving via the network interface, user input that is generated by user activity in the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems;
identifying users who engage in the user activity in the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems;
determining whether user data items describing the identified users who engage in the user activity in the one or more user interfaces have been associated with an indication of exclusion of the user activity in the one or more user interfaces;
adding a row to a log table in the data store and storing a user activity data item for each user input received via the network interface and generated by user activity in the one or more user interfaces in instances when the user activity has not been associated with an indication of an exclusion for a respective user; and
preventing storing of a user activity data item in the log table for user input received via the network interface and generated by user activity in the one or more user interfaces in instances when the user activity has been associated with an indication of exclusion for the respective user;
receiving a request for a reporting data item to include a plurality of user activities performed by the plurality of users in the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems, the plurality of user activities generating the user input received via the network interface;
retrieving, by the processor from the data store, a plurality of user activity data items that describe the plurality of user activities performed by the plurality of users in the one or more use interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems;
identifying for each of the retrieved plurality of user activity data items, which particular user performed a respective user activity in the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems and in instances when a user data item describing the particular identified user is associated with an indication of exclusion, removing from the retrieved plurality of user activity data items user activity data items of the particular identified user;
transforming, by the processor, a plurality of remaining user activity data items and a corresponding plurality of user data items into the requested reporting data item; and
providing, by the processor, the requested reporting data item to a user in the collaborative environment.
2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the plurality of user activity data items relates to at least one of a read item activity, a create item activity, or a rate item activity.
3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the reporting data item includes at least one of a number of page views, a number of contributions, a number of logins, or an average rating of the plurality of users excluding the excluded user activity.
4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3 wherein the reporting data item comprises a graphical representation of at least one of the number of page views, the number of contributions, the number of logins, or the average rating of the plurality of users excluding the excluded user activity.
5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the request to exclude reporting of the activity of the user of the plurality of users in the collaborative environment from a reporting data item includes a request to exclude reporting of one or more additional activities of the user of the plurality of users.
6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the request to exclude reporting of the activity of the user of the plurality of users in the collaborative environment includes a request to exclude reporting of an activity of one or more additional users of the plurality of users.
7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the user of the plurality of users is a system administrator.
8. A system for excluding a user’s activity information from statistics related to user activity in a collaborative environment, the system comprising one or more processors or circuits coupled to a data store and a network interface, wherein the one or more processors or circuits:
provide by the one or more processors or circuits via the network interface, one or more user interfaces to a plurality of user computer systems for user interactions with the service provider server in the collaborative environment;
receive by the one or more processors or circuits via the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems, a request to exclude reporting of an activity of a user of a plurality of users in a collaborative environment;
associate in a data store by the one or more processors or circuits, an indication of an exclusion with a user data item describing the user of the plurality of users, based on the request to exclude the reporting of the activity of the user, wherein a plurality of user data items in the data store describe the plurality of users in the collaborative environment;
receive via the network interface by the one or more processors or circuits, user input that is generated by user activity in the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems;
identify by the one or more processors or circuits, users who engage in the user activity in the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems;
determine by the one or more processors or circuits, whether user data items describing the identified users who engage in the user activity in the one or more user interfaces have been associated with an indication of exclusion of the user activity in the one or more user interfaces;
add by the one or more processors or circuits, a row to a log table in the data store and storing a user activity data item for each user input received via the network interface and generated by user activity in the one or more user interfaces in instances when the user activity has not been associated with an indication of an exclusion for a respective user; and
prevent by the one or more processors or circuits, storing of a user activity data item in the log table for user input received via the network interface and generated by user activity in the one or more user interfaces in instances when the user activity has been associated with an indication of exclusion for the respective user;
receive by the one or more processors or circuits, a request for a reporting data item to include a plurality of user activities performed by the plurality of users in the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems, the plurality of user activities generating the user input received via the network interface;
retrieve from the data store by the one or more processors or circuits, a plurality of user activity data items describing the plurality of user activities performed by the plurality of users in the one or more use interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems;
identify by the one or more processors or circuits, for each of the retrieved plurality of user activity data items, which particular user performed a respective user activity in the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems and in instances when a user data item describing the particular identified user is associated with an indication of exclusion, remove from the retrieved plurality of user activity data items user activity data items of the particular identified user;
transform by the one or more processors or circuits, a plurality of remaining user activity data items and a corresponding plurality of user data items into the requested reporting data item; and
provide by the one or more processors or circuits, the requested reporting data item to a user in the collaborative environment.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein the plurality of user activity data items relates to at least one of a read item activity, a create item activity, or a rate item activity.
10. The system of claim 8 wherein the reporting data item includes at least one of a number of page views, a number of contributions, a number of logins, or an average rating of the plurality of users excluding the excluded user activity.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein the reporting data item comprises a graphical representation of at least one of the number of page views, the number of contributions, the number of logins, or the average rating of the plurality of users excluding the excluded user activity.
12. The system of claim 8 wherein the request to exclude reporting of the activity of the user of the plurality of users in the collaborative environment from a reporting data item includes a request to exclude reporting of one or more additional activities of the user of the plurality of users.
13. The system of claim 8 wherein the request to exclude reporting of the activity of the user of the plurality of users in the collaborative environment includes a request to exclude reporting of an activity of one or more additional users of the plurality of users.
14. The system of claim 8 wherein the user of the plurality of users is a system administrator.
15. A non-transitory machine readable storage having stored thereon a computer program having at least one code section for excluding a user’s activity information from statistics related to user activity in a collaborative environment, the at least one code section being executable by a machine for causing the machine to perform steps comprising:
in a processor of a service provider server, the processor coupled to a data store and a network interface:
providing via the network interface, one or more user interfaces to a plurality of user computer systems for user interactions with the service provider server in the collaborative environment;
receiving, by the processor via the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems, a request to exclude reporting of an activity of a user of a plurality of users in a collaborative environment;
associating, by the processor in the data store, an indication of an exclusion with a user data item describing the user of the plurality of users, based on the request to exclude the reporting of the activity of the user, wherein a plurality of user data items in the data store describe the plurality of users in the collaborative environment;
receiving via the network interface, user input that is generated by user activity in the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems;
identifying users who engage in the user activity in the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems;
determining whether user data items describing the identified users who engage in the user activity in the one or more user interfaces have been associated with an indication of exclusion of the user activity in the one or more user interfaces;
adding a row to a log table in the data store and storing a user activity data item for each user input received via the network interface and generated by user activity in the one or more user interfaces in instances when the user activity has not been associated with an indication of an exclusion for a respective user; and
preventing storing of a user activity data item in the log table for user input received via the network interface and generated by user activity in the one or more user interfaces in instances when the user activity has been associated with an indication of exclusion for the respective user;
receiving a request for a reporting data item to include a plurality of user activities performed by the plurality of users in the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems, the plurality of user activities generating the user input received via the network interface;
retrieving, by the processor from the data store, a plurality of user activity data items that describe the plurality of user activities performed by the plurality of users in the one or more use interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems;
identifying for each of the retrieved plurality of user activity data items, which user performed a respective user activity in the one or more user interfaces provided to the plurality of user computer systems and in instances when a user data item describing the particular identified user is associated with an indication of exclusion, removing from the retrieved plurality of user activity data items user activity data items of the particular identified user;
transforming, by the processor, a plurality of remaining user activity data items and a corresponding plurality of user data items into the requested reporting data item; and
providing, by the processor, the requested reporting data item to a user in the collaborative environment.
16. The non-transitory machine readable storage of claim 15 wherein the plurality of user activity data items relates to at least one of a read item activity, a create item activity, or a rate item activity.
17. The non-transitory machine readable storage of claim 15 wherein the reporting data item includes at least one of a number of page views, a number of contributions, a number of logins, or an average rating of the plurality of users excluding the excluded user activity.
18. The non-transitory machine readable storage of claim 17 wherein the reporting data item comprises a graphical representation of at least one of the number of page views, the number of contributions, the number of logins, or the average rating of the plurality of users excluding the excluded user activity.
19. The non-transitory machine readable storage of claim 15 wherein the request to exclude reporting of the activity of the user of the plurality of users in the collaborative environment includes a request to exclude reporting of one or more additional activities of the user of the plurality of users.
20. The non-transitory machine readable storage of claim 15 wherein the request to exclude reporting of the activity of the user of the plurality of users in the collaborative environment includes a request to exclude reporting of an activity of one or more additional users of the plurality of users.
21. The non-transitory machine readable storage of claim 15 wherein the user of the plurality of users is a system administrator.