1. A system, comprising:
a nanodevice, comprising:
a reservoir filled with a conductive fluid;
a membrane separating the reservoir, the membrane comprising a plurality of electrode layers including a first pair of electrode layers and a second electrode layer, wherein each of the plurality of electrode layers is separated by an insulating layer; and
a nanopore formed through the membrane, wherein the first pair of electrode layers is coated inside the nanopore with a first type of organic coating and the second electrode layer is coated inside the nanopore with a second type of organic coating to form a motion control transient bond, wherein the first type of organic coating comprises a functionality of resorcinol and the second type of organic coating comprises a functionality of at least one of phosphonic acid and hydroxamic acid;
a voltage source configured to apply a voltage;
wherein, in response to application of the voltage by the voltage source to the first pair of electrode layers, a tunneling current is generated by a base of nucleic acid in the nanopore;
wherein the tunneling current traveling via a first transient bond and a second transient bond formed between the first pair of electrodes and the base of the nucleic acid is measured as a current signature for distinguishing the base; and
wherein the motion control transient bond is stronger than the first and second transient bonds.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the motion control transient bond has strength to hold the molecule in the nanopore against thermal motion.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the second type of organic coating on the second electrode layer covers greater surface area than the first type of organic coating on the first pair of electrode layers.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the second electrode layer is thicker than each of the first pair of electrode layers;
wherein the first pair of electrode layers comprise two electrode layers;
wherein the nanopore extends in a longitudinal direction;
wherein, in the longitudinal direction, the second electrode layer is 5-9 times thicker than each of the two electrode layers.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the reservoir is split into first and second reservoir parts; and
wherein, when an external voltage is applied to external electrodes in the first and second reservoir parts respectively, the motion control transient bond, the first transient bond, and the second transient bond are broken to move the nucleic acid in the nanopore.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A gizzard peeler defining a central body axis, the gizzard peeler comprising:
a gear positioned about the central body axis and having teeth along an outer circumference of said gear;
a plate positioned about the central body axis and rotatable about said gear;
a series of rollersets that are rotatable about said gear, each rollerset comprising a first roller and a second roller that contact each other so as to rotate in opposite directions during use; said series of rollersets having
an in-feed for receiving an opened gizzard,
an exit for discharging a peeled gizzard,
wherein the first roller of said rollersets are received upon said plate with the first roller in contact with the teeth of said gear so as to rotate said rollersets as said plate rotates about said gear.
2. A gizzard peeler as in claim 1, wherein each of said rollersets partly borders a space that is arranged for receipt of the gizzard.
3. A gizzard peeler as in claim 2, wherein said rollersets collectively form a substantially cylindrical case or form part of such a case for the gizzard.
4. A gizzard peeler as in claim 3, wherein said rollersets are rotatable around the central body axis of the case.
5. A gizzard peeler as in claim 1, wherein said rotatable plate defines a circular series of holes, and where the first roller of each rollerset is received along one end into the circular series of holes.
6. A gizzard peeler as in claim 1, wherein said first and second rollers of each said rollerset have intermeshing teeth.
7. A gizzard peeler as in claim 6, wherein said gear is positioned at the in-feed to said series of rollersets.
8. A gizzard peeler as in claim 7, wherein the intermeshing teeth of the first and second roller are helically shaped.
9. A gizzard peeler as in claim 8, further comprising a stopper disc that is provided between the in-feed and the exit.
10. A gizzard peeler as in claim 9, wherein said stopper disc has a central portion that is circumferentially provided with resilient flaps.
11. A gizzard peeler as in claim 10, further comprising a washing unit provided at the in-feed, the exit, or both.
12. A gizzard peeler, comprising:
a plurality of rollersets, said rollersets collectively defining an in-feed for receipt of an open gizzard and an exit for discharge of a peeled gizzard, each said rollerset comprising
a first roller; and
a second roller in contact with said first roller, wherein said first roller and said second roller have intermeshing teeth such that said first roller and said second roller rotate in opposite directions with respect to one another;
a gear positioned at the infeed defined by said rollersets and about which said rollersets are configured to rotate, wherein said first roller has teeth in contact with said gear such that the rotation of said rollersets about said gear cause said first roller and said second roller to rotate in opposite directions; and
a plate positioned about said gear and rotatable with respect to said gear, said plate defining a circular series of holes;
wherein said first rollers each have an axis rotation that is received into one of the holes defined by said plate.
13. A gizzard peeler as in claim 12, wherein said rollersets collectively form a substantially cylindrical case for receipt of the gizzards.
14. A gizzard peeler as in claim 12, wherein the intermeshing teeth of said first and second roller are helically shaped.
15. A gizzard peeler as in claim 12, further comprising a stopper disc that is provided between the in-feed and the exit.
16. A gizzard peeler as in claim 15, wherein said stopper disc has a central portion that is circumferentially provided with resilient flaps.
17. A gizzard peeler as in claim 12, further comprising a washing unit provided at the in-feed, the exit, or both.