1. A pharmaceutical dosage form for treatment of cardiovascular disorders suitable for once daily administration comprising a fixed dose combination of metoprolol in extended release form and one or more anti-platelet agents along with one or more rate controlling excipients.
2. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the antiplatelet agent comprises one or more of clopidogrel, aspirin, prasugrel, ticagrelor, ticlopidine, anagrelide, cilostazol, and dipyridamole.
3. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the antiplatelet agent comprises one or more of clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and aspirin.
4. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein anti-platelet agent is clopidogrel andor aspirin.
5. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the dosage form comprises about 25 mg to about 200 mg of metoprolol and about 5 mg to about 770 mg of antiplatelet agent.
6. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the dosage form exhibits immediate release of anti-platelet agent.
7. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the dosage form comprises one or more water swellable or water insoluble inert cores coated with one or more rate controlling excipients.
8. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 7, wherein the water swellable core comprises microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, starch, or mixtures thereof.
9. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 6, wherein the water insoluble inert core comprises silicon dioxide, glass particles, plastic resin particles, or mixtures thereof.
10. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the rate controlling excipient comprises polymeric rate controlling excipient, non-polymeric rate controlling excipient, or combination thereof.
11. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 10, wherein the polymeric and non-polymeric rate controlling excipient comprises one or more of cellulose derivatives; polyhydric alcohols; saccharides, gums and derivatives thereof; vinyl derivatives, polymers, copolymers or mixtures thereof; maleic acid copolymers; polyalkylene oxides or copolymers thereof; acrylic acid polymers and acrylic acid derivatives; fat; wax; fatty acid; fatty acid ester; long chain monohydric alcohol or their ester; or mixtures thereof.
12. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the dosage form exhibits a dissolution profile such that less than about 6% of metoprolol is released within 1 hour; between about 30% to about 50% of metoprolol is released within 6 hours and at least 90% of metoprolol is released after 20 hours when the release rate is measured in USP Type 2 Dissolution Apparatus (paddle, 50 rpm) using 500 ml of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer at 37\xb0 C.\xb10.5\xb0 C. as dissolution medium.
13. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the dosage form is in the form of a tablet, a capsule, granules, pellets, a tablet in tablet, tablets in capsule, granules or pellets in capsule, a bi-layer tablet, a trilayer tablet, and an in-lay tablet.
14. A method of treating a disorder selected from one or more of hypertension, congestive heart failure, angina, myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiac myopathy, renal insufficiency, peripheral vascular disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, cognitive dysfunction, chronic heart failure, wherein the method comprises administering a pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1 to a patient in need of such treatment.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for use in a time domain duplexing communication system, the method comprising:
communicatively coupling a data-bearing signal during a first predetermined time period, the data-bearing signal having a first power spectral density (PSD); and
communicatively coupling a non-data-bearing signal during a second time in which the data-bearing signal is not coupled, the non-data-bearing signal having a second PSD which is substantially the same as the first PSD over a first range of frequencies, the non-data-bearing signal having characteristics which facilitate echo cancellation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein communicatively coupling comprises transmitting.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein communicatively coupling comprises receiving.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
receiving an echo of the non-data-bearing signal; and
removing the echo.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-data-bearing signal comprises a periodic signal.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the periodic signal comprises a first portion with a first phase and a second portion with a second phase, where the second phase is an inverse of the first phase.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first frequency range includes the entire PSD of the data-bearing signal.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the communicatively coupling steps are performed by a local device in the time domain duplexing system, wherein the local device is communicatively coupled with a remote device in the time domain duplexing system, and wherein the second time corresponds to a time during which the remote device transmits data to the local device.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first time period corresponds to a time during which the remote device does not transmit to the local device.
10. An apparatus in a time domain duplexing communication system, the apparatus comprising:
a line interface; and
a transmitter coupled to the line interface, the transmitter comprising:
a data encoder configured to produce a data-bearing-signal during a first time period assianed to the apparatus, the data-bearing-signal having a first power spectral density (PSD); and
a periodic signal generator configured to produce a non-data-bearing-signal during the remaining time, the non-data-bearing-signal having a second PSD which is substantially the same as the first PSD over a first range of frequencies, the non-data-bearing signal having characteristics which facilitate echo cancellation.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising a control sequencer, the control sequencer operating to select for transmission either the data-bearing signal or the non-data-bearing signal.
12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first frequency range does not include the entire PSD of the data-bearing signal.
13. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:
a receiver comprising
a decoder configured to receive the data-bearing signal; and
a periodic echo canceller configured to remove the non-data-bearing signal.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, where the receiver further comprises an echo store.
15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus is communicatively coupled to a remote device in the time domain duplexing system, and wherein the remaining period corresponds to a time during which the remote device is allowed to transmit to the apparatus.
16. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first predetermined time period has a predetermined length.
17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first predetermined time period has a variable length, and the predetermined time period is followed by a guard time during which no data is transmitted by the apparatus.
18. A computer-readable medium for use in a time domain duplexing communication system, the program comprising:
logic configured to communicatively couple a data-bearing signal during a first predetermined time period, the data-bearing signal having a first power spectral density (PSD); and
logic configured to communicatively couple a non-data-bearing signal during a second time other than the first predetermined time period, the non-data-bearing signal having a second PSD which is substantially the same as the first PSD over a first range of frequencies, the non-data-bearing signal having characteristics which facilitate echo cancellation.
19. The program of claim 18, wherein the logic to communicatively couple a non-data-bearing signal further comprises logic to transmit the non-data-bearing signal.
20. The program of claim 18, wherein the logic to communicatively couple a non-data-bearing signal further comprises logic to receive the non-data-bearing signal.
21. The program of claim 18, wherein the communicatively coupling logic is embodied in a local device in the time domain duplexing system, wherein the local device is communicatively coupled to a remote device in the time domain duplexing system, and wherein the second corresponds to a time during which the remote device transmits to the local device.