1. A semiconductor device, comprising:
a substrate; and
an alignment mark positioned on the substrate, the alignment mark comprising:
a first pattern structure stacked on the substrate and comprising a first pattern, the first pattern comprising a plurality of first marks that are non-transparent; and
a second pattern structure stacked on the first pattern structure and comprising a second pattern that is non-transparent and surrounded by the first marks in a plan view perspective; and wherein none of the plurality of first marks overlaps with the second pattern in the plan view perspective.
2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein a predetermined area at a peripheral region of the semiconductor device is designated to form the alignment mark, a luminance of the second pattern is higher than a luminance of the first pattern, so as to increase a contrast ratio of the second pattern to the first pattern.
3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, further comprising a third pattern structure sandwiched between the substrate and the second pattern structure, wherein the third pattern structure is positioned on or under the first pattern structure, the third pattern structure comprises a third pattern, the third pattern comprises a plurality of second marks that are not non-transparent.
4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein the second marks surround the second pattern in the plan view perspective.
5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the third pattern does not overlap with the second pattern.
6. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the third pattern not only comprises a plurality of second marks surrounding the second pattern in the plan view perspective, but also comprises a plurality of second marks overlapping with the second pattern.
7. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the first pattern and the third pattern are both a dot pattern.
8. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein the first pattern structure further comprises a first antireflection film covering the first marks, along a stack direction of the first pattern structure to the substrate.
9. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the third pattern structure further comprises a second antireflection film covering the second marks, along a stack direction of the first pattern structure to the substrate.
10. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein the first marks and the third marks are made of metal materials or semiconductor materials.
11. A display device, comprising:
a transparent substrate having a first alignment mark; and
a semiconductor device bond to the transparent substrate, the semiconductor device comprising:
a substrate; and
a second alignment mark positioned on the substrate, the second alignment mark comprising:
a first pattern structure stacked on the substrate and comprising a first pattern, the first pattern comprising a plurality of first marks that are non-transparent; and
a second pattern structure stacked on the first pattern structure and comprising a second pattern that is non-transparent and surrounded by the first marks in a plan view perspective;
wherein the second pattern is an alignable shape that corresponds to a shape of the first alignment mark on the transparent substrate; and none of the plurality of first marks overlaps with the second pattern in the plan view perspective.
12. The display device according to claim 11, wherein a predetermined area at a peripheral region of the semiconductor device is designated to form the second alignment mark, a luminance of the second pattern is higher than a luminance of the first pattern, so as to increase a contrast ratio of the second pattern to the first pattern.
13. The display device according to claim 12, wherein the first marks are homogeneously distributed in the first pattern.
14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein the second alignment mark further comprises a third pattern structure sandwiched between the substrate and the second pattern structure the third pattern structure is on or under the first pattern structure, and the third pattern structure comprises a plurality of second marks that are not non-transparent.
15. The display device according to claim 14, wherein the second marks surround the second pattern in the plan view perspective and partially overlap with the first marks respectively.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A stent graft device, comprising:
a tube of bioremodelable graft material; and
a stent; and
wherein at least a portion of said stent is embedded within said tube of bioremodelable graft material.
2. The stent graft device of claim 1, wherein said bioremodelable graft material contains collagen.
3. The stent graft device of claim 2, wherein said bioremodelable graft material comprises an extracellular matrix material.
4. The stent graft device of claim 3, wherein said extracellular matrix material includes submucosa.
5. The stent graft device of claim 1, wherein at least a cylindrical segment of said stent is embedded within said tube of bioremodelable graft material.
6. The stent graft device of claim 1, wherein the entire stent is embedded within said tube of bioremodelable graft material.
7. The stent graft device of claim 1, wherein said tube of bioremodelable material includes a first covering of bioremodelable graft material bonded to a second covering of bioremodelable graft material, said first covering within a lumen of said stent and said second covering on an exterior portion of said stent.
8. The stent graft device of claim 7, wherein said first and second coverings each comprise a collagenous extracellular matrix material, and wherein said first and second coverings are dehydration bonded to one another.
9. The stent graft device of claim 7, wherein said first and second coverings are bonded under conditions including vacuum pressing.
10. The stent graft device of claim 9, wherein said first and second coverings comprise submucosa.
11. A stent graft device, comprising:
a radially expandable stent;
a exterior collagenous covering on an exterior surface of said stent;
an interior collagenous covering on an interior surface of said stent;
said exterior collagenous covering bonded to said interior collagenous covering; and
said exterior and interior collagenous coverings having surfaces locally contoured to elements of said stent.
12. The stent graft device of claim 11, wherein at least one of said exterior covering and interior covering comprises a bioremodelable collagenous material.
13. The stent graft device of claim 12, wherein said bioremodelable collagenous material comprises an extracellular matrix material.
14. The stent graft device of claim 13, wherein said extracellular matrix material comprises submucosa.
15. The stent graft device of any of claim 11, wherein at least one of said first covering and second coverings is a multilaminate construct.
16. The stent graft device of any of claim 11, wherein said first and second coverings cover only a portion of the stent.
17. The stent graft device of any of claim 1, wherein said first and second coverings cover all of the stent.
18. A method for providing a covering on at least a portion of a radially expandable stent, comprising:
providing a radially expandable stent;
forcing a hydrated, bioremodelable covering material against a surface of said stent sufficiently to locally contour surfaces of said bioremodelable covering material against elements of said stent; and
drying said bioremodelable covering material while forced against said surface of said stent.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein said bioremodelable covering material is collagenous.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein said bioremodelable covering material comprises an extracellular matrix material.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein said extracellular matrix material comprises submucosa.
22. The method of any of claim 18, wherein said forcing and drying are provided during vacuum pressing.
23. The method of claim 18, comprising:
providing a first tube of the bioremodelable covering material in a hydrated condition within a lumen of said stent to cover a lumen surface;
providing a second tube of the bioremodelable covering material in a hydrated condition around an exterior surface of said stent;
forcing surfaces of said first and second tubes together while in a hydrated condition; and
drying said first and second tubes.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein said at least one of said first and second tubes contains collagen.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein said first and second tubes each contain collagen.
26. The method of claim 24, wherein at least one of said first and second tubes contains an extracellular matrix material.
27. The method of claim 24, wherein said first and second tubes each contain an extracellular matrix material.
28. The method of claim 26, wherein at least one of said first and second tubes comprises submucosa.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein said first and second tubes each comprise submucosa.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein at least one of said first and second tubes is a multilaminate submucosal construct.
31. The method of claim 18, also including:
rehydrating said first and second tubes after said drying; and
re-drying said first and second tubes after said rehydrating.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein said drying is under vacuum pressing conditions, and said re-drying is under lyophilization conditions.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein said lyophilization conditions include freeze-drying.
34. The method of claim 32, wherein said lyophilization conditions include evaporative cooling.
35. The stent graft device of claim 1, which is a vascular stent.
36. A method for providing a covering on at least a portion of a stent, comprising:
providing a stent;
forcing a hydrated, bioremodelable covering material against a surface of said stent;
said bioremodelable covering material including a multilaminate construct; and
drying said bioremodelable covering material while forced against said surface of said stent.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein said multilaminate construct is a multilaminate extracellular matrix construct.
38. The method of claim 37, wherein said multilaminate extracellular matrix construct includes a plurality of layers each containing submucosa.
39. A method for providing a covering on at least a portion of a stent, comprising:
providing an assembly having a stent and a hydrated covering material positioned on a surface of said stent; and
vacuum pressing said assembly.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein said covering material contains collagen.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein said covering material is bioremodelable.
42. The method of claim 41, wherein said covering material includes a collagenous extracellular matrix material.
43. The method of claim 42, wherein said collagenous extracellular matrix material includes submucosa.
44. A method for providing a covering on a surface of at least a portion of a stent, comprising:
providing an assembly having a stent and a covering material in a relatively conformable condition positioned on a surface of said stent;
positioning said assembly in a chamber;
collapsing wall surfaces of said chamber to force said covering material against said surface of said stent while in said relatively conformable condition; and
causing said covering material to change to a relatively non-conformable condition while forced against said surface of said stent.
45. The method of claim 44, wherein said causing includes dehydrating.
46. The method of claim 45, wherein said dehydrating occurs during vacuum pressing.
47. A method for providing a covering on at least a portion of a radially expandable stent, comprising:
providing a radially expandable stent;
forcing a hydrated, bioremodelable covering material against a surface of said stent; and
lyophilizing said bioremodelable covering material while forced against said surface of said stent.
48. The method of claim 47, wherein said bioremodelable covering material is collagenous.
49. The method of claim 47, wherein said bioremodelable covering material comprises an extracellular matrix material.
50. The method of claim 49, wherein said extracellular matrix material comprises submucosa.
51. The method of claim 47, comprising:
providing a first amount of a bioremodelable covering material in a hydrated condition within a lumen of said stent to cover a lumen surface;
providing a second amount of a bioremodelable covering material in a hydrated condition on an exterior surface of said stent and at least partially aligned with said first portion;
forcing surfaces of said first and second amounts together while in a hydrated condition; and
lyophilizing said first and second amounts of bioremodelable covering so as to bond them together.
52. A method for making a stented graft construct, the method comprising:
providing an assembly having at least a first stent and at least a second stent, wherein said stents are discrete and spaced from one another;
said assembly further including one or more pieces of hydrated collagenous covering material arranged so as to interconnect said stents, said hydrated collagenous covering material including portions at least partially surrounding said first stent and said second stent between inner and outer layers of collagenous covering material; and
drying said hydrated collagenous covering material so as to bond said inner and outer layers to one another and entrap and interconnect said first stent and said second stent.
53. The method of claim 52, wherein said drying comprises vacuum pressing said assembly.
54. The method of claim 52, wherein said drying comprises lyophilizing said assembly.
55. The method of any of claim 52, wherein said collagenous covering material is a bioremodelable material.
56. The method of claim 55, wherein said bioremodelable material is an extracellular matrix material.
57. The method of claim 56, wherein said extracellular matrix material comprises submucosa.
58. The method of claim 52, wherein said hydrated collagenous covering material includes an amount extending between the first and second stents and contacting inner surfaces thereof, and an amount extending between the first and second stents and contacting outer surfaces thereof, said first amount including at least a portion aligned with said second amount.
59. The method of claim 52, wherein said construct is a bifurcated graft construct.
60. The method of claim 59, wherein said assembly includes at least a third stent.
61. A stented graft construct, comprising:
a plurality of discrete, spaced stents;
said discrete, spaced stents interconnected to one another by inner and outer layers of a bioremodelable covering material;
at least one of said inner and outer layers including a multilaminate construct.
62. The stented graft construct of claim 61, wherein said inner and outer layers each include a multilaminate construct.
63. The stented graft construct of claim 61, wherein said multilaminate construct includes a plurality of bonded extracellular matrix layers.
64. A stented graft construct, comprising:
a plurality of discrete, spaced stents;
said discrete, spaced stents interconnected to one another by inner and outer layers of a bioremodelable covering material; and
said inner and outer layers bonded to one another and entrapping said discrete, spaced stents.
65. The stented graft construct of claim 64, wherein at least one of said inner and outer layers includes a multilaminate construct.
66. The stented graft construct of claim 64, wherein said inner and outer layers are dehydrothermally bonded to one another.
67. The stented graft construct of any of claim 61, wherein said stents are radially expandable stents.