1. An apparatus for controlling a light-emitting diode (LED) driving circuit, the apparatus comprising:
a current control unit which, if an on signal is received, outputs a first control signal for adjusting a duty cycle of a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal of the LED driving circuit such that a current of an LED, which is driven by the LED driving circuit, follows a reference current;
a voltage control unit which, if an off signal is received, transmits a second control signal for adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal such that a voltage of the LED at an off time is maintained; and
a switching unit which transmits the first control signal to the LED driving circuit, if the on signal is received, and transmits the second control signal to the LED driving circuit, if the off signal is received.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a sampling unit which samples the voltage of the LED at the off time and provides the sampled voltage of the LED to the voltage control unit as a reference voltage.
3. An apparatus for driving a light-emitting diode (LED), the apparatus comprising:
an LED;
a voltage sensor which senses a voltage applied to the LED;
a current sensor which senses a current flowing into the LED;
a DC-to-DC converter which converts an input voltage into an LED driving voltage and provides the LED driving voltage to the LED;
an LED driving unit which drives the LED according to an on signal and an off signal; and
a control unit which controls the DC-to-DC converter so that the current sensed by the current sensing unit follow a reference current, if the on signal is received, and controls the DC-to-DC converter to maintain the voltage sensed by the voltage sensor to be a same voltage as a voltage of the LED at an off time, if the off signal is received.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the DC-to-DC converter comprises a transistor which is driven by a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal with a duty cycle adjusted by the control unit.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the control unit comprises:
a current control unit which, if the on signal is received, outputs a first control signal for adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal such that the current sensed by the current sensor follows the reference current during an on period; and
a voltage control unit which, if the off signal is received, transmits a second control signal for adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal such that the voltage of the LED at the dimming-off time is maintained during an off period.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the control unit further comprises a switching unit which transmits the first control signal to the transistor of the DC-to-DC converter, if the on signal is received, and transmits the second control signal to the transistor of the DC-to-DC converter, if the off signal is received.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the control unit further comprises a sampling unit which samples the LED voltage of the LED at the off time and provides the sampled voltage of the LED to the voltage control unit as a reference voltage.
8. A method of controlling a light-emitting diode (LED)driving circuit, comprising:
receiving a signal which alternates as an on signal and an off signal;
if the on signal is received, adjusting a duty cycle of a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal of the LED driving circuit such that a current of an LED, which is driven by the LED driving circuit, follows a reference current; and
if the off signal is received, adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal of the LED driving circuit such that a voltage of the LED at an off time is maintained.
9. A method of driving a light-emitting diode (LED), comprising:
converting an input voltage into an LED driving voltage by using a DC-to-DC converter;
driving an LED by using the LED driving voltage;
sensing a voltage and current of the LED;
receiving a signal which alternates as an on signal and an off signal;
if the on signal is received, controlling the DC-to-DC converter such that the sensed current follows a reference current; and
if the off signal is received, controlling the DC-to-Dc converter to maintain the sensed voltage at a same voltage as a voltage of the LED at an off time.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the controlling comprises:
increasing a duty cycle of a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, which is input to a transistor included in the DC-to-DC converter to make the sensed current follow the reference current during an on period, if the on signal is received; and
increasing the duty cycle of the PWM signal so the voltage of the LED present at the dimming-off time is maintained during an off period, if the off signal is received.
11. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the reference voltage is the LED voltage at the off time, which is a time at which the off signal is initially received during a cycle.
12. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, if the on signal is received, the current control unit compares the current sensed by the current sensor with the reference current, and outputs the first control signal based on a comparison result.
13. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, if the off signal is received, the voltage control unit compares the voltage sensed by the voltage sensor with the reference voltage, and outputs the second control signal based on a comparison result.
14. An apparatus for controlling a light-emitting diode (LED) driving circuit, the apparatus comprising:
a control unit which receives a dimming signal which alternates as a dimming-on signal and a dimming-off signal, and outputs a control signal for adjusting a duty cycle of a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal of the LED driving circuit that drives an LED;
a sampling unit which monitors an LED voltage of the LED, and outputs the LED voltage of the LED present at a time the dimming-off signal is initially received to the control unit as a reference voltage,
wherein, if the control unit receives the dimming-on signal, the control unit outputs a first control signal that adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM signal of the LED driving circuit such that a current of the LED follows a reference current, and, if the control unit receives the dimming-off signal, the control unit outputs a second control signal for adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal such that the voltage of the LED is maintained at the reference voltage.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of treating a subject suffering from allergic conjunctivitis comprising administering to said subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula
or a N-oxide, an addition salt, a quaternary amine or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof wherein
R1 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, halo, formyl, carboxyl, C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, C1-6alkylcarbonyl, N(R3R4)C(\u2550O)\u2014, N(R3R4)C(\u2550O)N(R5)\u2014, ethenyl substituted with carboxyl or C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, or C1-6alkyl substituted with hydroxy, carboxyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, N(R3R4)C(\u2550O)\u2014, C1-6alkylC(\u2550O)N(R5)\u2014, C1-6alkylS(\u2550O)2N(R5)\u2014 or N(R3R4)C(\u2550O)N(R5)\u2014;
wherein each R3 and each R4 independently are hydrogen or C1-4alkyl;
R5 is hydrogen or hydroxy;
R2 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxyC1-6alkyl, N(R3R4)C(\u2550O)\u2014, aryl or halo;
n is 1 or 2;
-A-B\u2014 represents a bivalent radical of formula
\u2014Y\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014\u2003\u2003(a-1);
\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014Y\u2014\u2003\u2003(a-2); or
\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014\u2003\u2003(a-3);
wherein each hydrogen atom in the radicals (a-1) to (a-3) may independently be replaced by R6 wherein R6 is selected from C1-6alkyl, halo, hydroxy, C1-6alkyloxy, ethenyl substituted with carboxyl or C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, formyl, carboxyl or hydroxycarbonylC1-6alkyl;
each Y independently is a bivalent radical of formula \u2014O\u2014, \u2014S\u2014 or \u2014NR7\u2014; wherein R7 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkylcarbonyl;
Z is a bivalent radical of formula
\u2014(CH2)p\u2014\u2003\u2003(b-1),
\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014\u2003\u2003(b-2),
\u2014CH2\u2014CHOH\u2014\u2003\u2003(b-3),
\u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014\u2003\u2003(b-4),
\u2014CH2\u2014C(\u2550O)\u2014\u2003\u2003(b-5), or
\u2014CH2\u2014C(\u2550NOH)\u2014\u2003\u2003(b-6),
with the proviso that the bivalent radicals (b-3), (b-4), (b-5) and (b-6) are connected to the nitrogen of the imidazole ring via their \u2014CH2\u2014 moiety;
wherein p is 1,2,3 or 4;
L is hydrogen; C1-6alkyl; C2-6alkenyl; C1-6alkylcarbonyl; C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl; C1-6alkyl substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from hydroxy, carboxyl, C1-6alkyloxy, C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, aryl, aryloxy, cyano or R8RN\u2014 wherein R8 is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, or C1-6alkylcarbonyl; or
L represents a radical of formula
-Alk-Y1-Het1\u2003\u2003(c-1),
-Alk-NH-CO-Het2\u2003\u2003(c-2) or
-Alk-Het3\u2003\u2003(c-3); wherein
Alk represents C1-4alkanediyl;
Y1 represents O, S or NH;
Het1 and Het2 each represent furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl or imidazolyl each optionally substituted with one or two C1-4alkyl subsiituents; pyrrolyl or pyrazolyl optionally substituted with formyl, hydroxyC1-4alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, C1-4alkyloxycarbonyl or with one or two C1-4alkyl substituents; thiadiazolyl or oxadiazolyl optionally substituted with amino or C1-4alkyl; pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or pyridazinyl each optionally substituted with C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkyloxy, amino, hydroxy or halo; and
Het3 represents furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl or imidazolyl each optionally substituted with one or two C1-4alkyl substituents; pyrrolyl or pyrazolyl optionally substituted with formyl, hydroxyC1-4alkyl, hydroxycarbonyl, C1-4alkyloxycarbonyl or with one or two C1-4alkyl substituents; thiadiazolyl or oxadiazolyl optionally substituted with amino or C1-4alkyl; pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or pyridazinyl each optionally substituted with C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkyloxy, amino, hydroxy, halo, 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1H-tetrazolyl substituted with C1-4alkyl, 2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl, 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl or a radical of formula
wherein
A1-Z1 represents S\u2014CH\u2550CH, S\u2014CH2\u2014CH2, S\u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014CH2, CH\u2550CH\u2014CH\u2550CH, or CH2\u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014CH2;
aryl is phenyl or phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents each independently selected from halo, hydroxy, C1-4alkyl, polyhaloC1-4alkyl, cyano, aminocarbonyl, C1-4alkyloxy or polyhaloC1-4alkyloxy.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein L is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkylcarbonyl, C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl or C1-6alkyl substituted with hydroxy, carboxyl, C1-6alkyloxy or C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein L is C1-6alkyl substituted with aryl and C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein -A-B\u2014 is a bivalent radical of formula \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014 (a-3) or \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014Y\u2014 (a-2).
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein Z is \u2014(CH2)p\u2014 (b-1), \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014 (b-2), or \u2014CH2\u2014O\u2014 (b-4).
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein L is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, hydroxyC1-6alkyl, carboxyC1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, or C1-6alkyloxycarbonylC1-6alkyl.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein R1 is hydroxyC1-6alkyl, formyl, C1-6alkyloxycarbonyl, C1-6alkyloxyC1-6alkyl, N(R3R4)C(\u2550O)\u2014, halo or hydrogen.
8. A method according to claim 1 wherein the compound is
5,6-dihydrospiro11H-imidazo2,1-b3benzazepine-11,4\u2032-piperidine-3-carboxamide dihydrochloride;
1\u2032-butyl-5,6-dihydrospiroimidazo2,1-b3benzazepine-11-11H,4\u2032-piperidine;
6,11-dihydro-1\u2032-methylspiro5H-imidazo2,1-b3benzazepine-11,4\u2032-piperidinecyclohexylsulfamate(1:2);
6,11-dihydrospiro5-imidazo2,1-b3benzazepine-11,4\u2032-piperidine3-methanol (E)-2-butenedioate (2:1);
3-chloro-6,11-dihydrospiro5H-imidazo2,1-b3benzazepine-11,4\u2032-piperidine(E)-2-butenedioate (1:1);
6,11-dihydro-3-(methoxymethyl)spiro5H-imidazo2,1-b3benzazepine-11,4\u2032-piperidine(E)-2-butenedioate (1:1);
6,11-dihydro-1\u2032-(2-hydroxyethyl)spiro5H-imidazo2,1-b3benzazepine-11,4\u2032-piperidine-3-carboxamide;
6,11-dihydro-1\u2032-methylspiro5H-imidazo2,1-b3benzazepine-11,4\u2032-piperidine-3-carboxamide monohydrate;
ethyl 3-(aminocarbonyl)-6,11-dihydro-\u03b1-phenylspiro5H-imidazo2,1-b3-benzazepine-11,4\u2032-piperidine-1\u2032-propanoate monohydrochloride;
3-(aminocarbonyl)-6,11-dihydrospiro5H-imidazo2,1-b3-benzazepine-11,4\u2032-piperidine-1\u2032-carboxylate;
spiro10H-imidazo1,2-athieno3,2-dazepine-10,4\u2032-piperidine;
6,11-dihydrospiro5H-imidazo2,1-b3benzazepine-11,4\u2032-piperidine-2,3-dicarboxamide dihydrochloride monohydrate; or
a N-oxide, an addition salt, a quaternary amine or a stereochemically isomeric form thereof.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein said compound is administered to the eye.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein said compound is administered in a form selected from the group consisting of gellies, lotions, salves, and eye drops.
11. A method according to claim 10 wherein said compound is administered as an eye drop.