1. A molding method for molding a composite item, comprising the steps:
providing a die surface shell layer having air permeability, the die surface shell layer having at least one pore having a mean opening pore diameter of 12 \u03bcm per surface area of 100 cm2 of the die surface shell layer;
setting a composite directly on a front surface of said die surface shell layer;
setting a vacuum bag film to completely cover said composite;
discharging gas from a space between said composite and said die surface shell layer through said die surface shell layer;
heating the die surface shell layer to a prescribed temperature;
maintaining the die surface shell layer at the prescribed temperature;
concurrently with the maintaining, heating said composite through said die surface shell layer to harden said composite;
introducing gas into a back surface of said die surface shell layer to perform pressurization; and
concurrently with the introducing, releasing the hardened composite from said die surface shell layer by spouting the introduced gas through said die surface shell layer.
2. The molding method according to claim 1, further comprising:
providing a plurality of temperature control pipes for communicating liquid, the temperature control pipes being closer to the die surface shell layer than to the composite,
wherein in each of the heating the die surface shell layer, the maintaining the die surface shell layer and the heating said composite, the die surface shell layer is heated by the liquid of the temperature control pipes.
3. The molding method according to claim 2, wherein the air permeability of the die surface shell layer is set so as to allow a flow rate of at least 0.001 litersminute per surface area of 1 cm2 of the die surface shell layer while a pressure difference between a side that includes the front surface and a side that includes the back surface is 0.1 MPa.
4. The molding method according to claim 1, wherein the air permeability of the die surface shell layer is set so as to allow a flow rate of at least 0.001 litersminute per surface area of 1 cm2 of the die surface shell layer while a pressure difference between a side that includes the front surface and a side that includes the back surface is 0.1 MPa.
5. A molding method for molding a composite item, comprising the steps:
providing a die surface shell layer having air permeability, a front surface and a back surface, the die surface shell layer having pores so that the air permeability of the die surface shell layer allows for a flow rate of at least 0.001 litersminute per surface area of 1 cm2 of the die surface shell layer while a pressure difference between a pressure at the front surface and a pressure at the back surface is 0.1 MPa, the pores having a mean opening pore diameter of 12 \u03bcm;
setting a composite directly on the front surface of said die surface shell layer;
setting a vacuum bag film to completely cover said composite;
discharging gas from a space between said composite and said die surface shell layer through said die surface shell layer;
heating the die surface shell layer to a prescribed temperature;
maintaining the die surface shell layer at the prescribed temperature;
concurrently with the maintaining, heating said composite through said die surface shell layer to harden said composite;
introducing gas into the back surface of said die surface shell layer to perform pressurization; and
concurrently with the introducing, releasing the hardened composite from said die surface shell layer by spouting the introduced gas through said die surface shell layer.
6. A molding method for molding a composite item, comprising the steps:
providing a die surface shell layer having air permeability, the die surface shell layer having pores having a mean opening pore diameter of 12 \u03bcm;
setting a composite directly on a front surface of said die surface shell layer;
setting a vacuum bag film to completely cover said composite;
discharging gas from a space between said composite and said die surface shell layer through said die surface shell layer;
heating said composite through said die surface shell layer to harden said composite;
introducing gas into a back surface of said die surface shell layer to perform pressurization; and
concurrently with the introducing, releasing the hardened composite from said die surface shell layer by spouting the introduced gas through said die surface shell layer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A packet error correcting apparatus comprising:
a packet receiving unit for receiving a plurality of packets and a number of redundant packets for error correction over a network from a packet transmitting apparatus transmitting packets and redundant packets at the rate of one redundant packet per N packets, where N is a natural number;
a packet loss detecting unit for detecting loss of a packet among the plurality of packets received by said packet receiving unit;
an error correcting unit for performing an error correcting process to restore the lost packet on the basis of a next redundant packet among said redundant packets to be received next by said packet receiving unit when said packet loss detecting unit detects loss of said packet;
a retransmission request transmitting unit being able to transmit a retransmission request for said lost packet to said packet transmitting apparatus; and
a retransmission request controlling unit for determining whether or not said lost packet can be restored by said error correcting unit within a predetermined time period based on a timing of reception of one of said redundant packets received by said packet receiving unit, and controlling said error correcting unit to perform said error correcting process after the reception of the next redundant packet upon determination that said lost reception packet can be restored within the predetermined time period while controlling said retransmission request transmitting unit to transmit the retransmission request to said packet transmitting apparatus upon determination that said lost reception packet cannot be restored within the predetermined time period.
2. The packet error correcting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said retransmission request controlling unit comprises:
a redundant packet arrival time calculating unit for calculating time required until the next redundant packet is received by said packet receiving unit when said packet loss detecting unit detects loss of said packet;
a redundant packet arrival time determining unit for determining whether or not a result of calculation by said redundant packet arrival time calculating unit is larger than a predetermined threshold value; and
an arrival time retransmission request transmission instructing unit for giving an instruction for transmitting said retransmission request to said retransmission request transmitting unit when said redundant packet arrival time determining unit determines that said result of calculation is larger than said threshold value.
3. The packet error correcting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said retransmission request controlling unit comprises:
a lost packet number determining unit for determining whether or not the number of lost packets detected by said packet loss detecting unit is equal to or larger than a predetermined number; and
a lost packet number retransmission request transmission instructing unit for giving an instruction for transmitting said retransmission request to said retransmission request transmitting unit when said lost packet number determining unit determines that the number of lost packets is equal to or larger than said predetermined number.
4. The packet error correcting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said retransmission request controlling unit comprises:
an error correction determining unit for determining whether or not restoration of said lost packet succeeds in said error correcting process by said error correcting unit;
a retransmission request transmission confirming unit for confirming whether or not said retransmission request has been already transmitted to said packet transmitting apparatus when said error correction determining unit determines that the restoration of said lost packet fails; and
an error correction result retransmission request transmission instructing unit for giving an instruction for transmitting said retransmission request to said retransmission request transmitting unit when said retransmission request transmission confirming unit confirms that said retransmission request is not yet transmitted.
5. The packet error correcting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said retransmission request controlling unit comprises:
an error correction determining unit for determining whether or not restoration of said lost packet succeeds in said error correcting process by said error correcting unit;
a retransmission request transmission confirming unit for confirming whether or not said retransmission request has been already transmitted to said packet transmitting apparatus when said error correction determining unit determines that the restoration of said lost packet fails; and
an error correction result retransmission request transmission instructing unit for giving an instruction for transmitting said retransmission request to said retransmission request transmitting unit when said retransmission request transmission confirming unit confirms that said retransmission request is not yet transmitted.
6. The packet error correcting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said retransmission request controlling unit comprises:
an error correction determining unit for determining whether or not restoration of said lost packet succeeds in said error correcting process by said error correcting unit;
a retransmission request transmission confirming unit for confirming whether or not said retransmission request has been already transmitted to said packet transmitting apparatus when said error correction determining unit determines that the restoration of said lost packet fails; and
an error correction result retransmission request transmission instructing unit for giving an instruction for transmitting said retransmission request to said retransmission request transmitting unit when said retransmission request transmission confirming unit confirms that said retransmission request is not yet transmitted.
7. A packet error correcting method comprising the steps of:
receiving a plurality of packets and a number of redundant packets for error correction over a network from a packet transmitting apparatus transmitting packets and redundant packets at the rate of one redundant packet per N packets, where N is a natural number;
detecting loss of a reception packet among the plurality of packets;
when loss of said reception packet is detected, determining whether or not said lost reception packet can be restored within a predetermined time period in an error correcting process for restoring said lost reception packet on the basis of a next redundant packet among said redundant packets to be received next based on a timing of reception of one of said redundant packets;
upon determination that said lost reception packet can be restored within the predetermined time period, performing said error correcting process after the reception of the next redundant packet; and
upon determination that said lost reception packet cannot be restored within the predetermined time period, transmitting the retransmission request to said packet transmitting apparatus.
8. The packet error correcting method according to claim 7, wherein when loss of said reception packet is detected, time required until the next redundant packet is received is calculated, it is determined whether or not a result of the calculation is larger than a predetermined threshold value, and said retransmission request is transmitted when it is determined that said result of the calculation is larger than said threshold value.
9. The packet error correcting method according to claim 7, wherein it is determined whether or not the number of lost packets is equal to or larger than a predetermined number, and said retransmission request is transmitted when said number of lost packets is equal to or larger than said predetermined number.
10. The packet error correcting method according to claim 7, wherein it is determined whether or not restoration of said lost packet succeeds in said error correcting process, it is determined whether or not said retransmission request has been already transmitted to said packet transmitting apparatus when it is determined that the restoration of said lost packet fails, and said retransmission request is transmitted when said retransmission request is not yet transmitted.
11. The packet error correcting method according to claim 8, wherein it is determined whether or not restoration of said lost reception packet succeeds in said error correcting process, it is determined whether or not said retransmission request has been already transmitted to said packet transmitting apparatus when it is determined that the restoration of said lost reception packet fails, and said retransmission request is transmitted when said retransmission request is not yet transmitted.
12. The packet error correcting method according to claim 9, wherein it is determined whether or not restoration of said lost reception packet succeeds in said error correcting process, it is determined whether or not said retransmission request has been already transmitted to said packet transmitting apparatus when it is determined that the restoration of said lost reception packet fails, and said retransmission request is transmitted when said retransmission request is not yet transmitted.