1. A communication system, comprising:
a span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber configured to transport optical signals; and
a continuous wavelength light system coupled to the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber and configured to pump continuous wavelength light onto the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber to generate a total gain bandwidth of at least 120 nm.
2. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber comprises a span of Phosphate-Germanium co-doped optical fiber.
3. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the continuous wavelength light system is configured to pump continuous wavelength light onto the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber to generate a first gain band having a bandwidth of at least 60 nm and a second gain band having a bandwidth of at least 60 nm.
4. The communication system of claim 3 wherein the first gain band and the second gain band are separated by a wavelength gap, and wherein the communication system further comprises:
an optical amplifier configured to amplify the wavelengths in the wavelength gap.
5. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the continuous wavelength light system is configured to pump the continuous wavelength light onto the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber to generate a total gain bandwidth of about 200 nm.
6. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the continuous wavelength light system is configured to forward pump the continuous wavelength light onto the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber.
7. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the continuous wavelength light system is configured to backward pump the continuous wavelength light onto the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber.
8. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the continuous wavelength light system is configured to forward pump and backward pump the continuous wavelength light onto the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber.
9. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the continuous wavelength light system comprises a continuous wavelength Raman fiber laser.
10. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the continuous wavelength light system is configured to pump the continuous wavelength light onto the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber to generate a total gain bandwidth of at least 120 nm that includes at least the C-band.
11. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the continuous wavelength light system is configured to pump the continuous wavelength light onto the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber to generate a total gain bandwidth of at least 120 nm that includes at least the C-band and the L-band.
12. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the continuous wavelength light system is configured to pump the continuous wavelength light onto the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber to generate a total gain bandwidth of at least 120 nm that includes at least the C-band, the L-band, and the S-band.
13. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the continuous wavelength light system is configured to pump the continuous wavelength light onto the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber to generate a total gain bandwidth of at least 120 nm that does not include at least one of the C-band, the L-band, and the S-band.
14. A method of operating a communication system comprising a continuous wavelength light system and a span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber, the method comprising the steps of:
transporting optical signals on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber; and
pumping continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber with a continuous wavelength light system to generate a total gain bandwidth of at least 120 nm.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber comprises a span of Phosphate-Germanium co-doped optical fiber.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of pumping continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber with a continuous wavelength light system comprises:
pumping the continuous wavelength light onto the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber to generate a first gain band having a bandwidth of at least 60 nm and a second gain band having a bandwidth of at least 60 nm.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the first gain band and the second gain band are separated by a wavelength gap, and the method further comprises:
amplifying the wavelengths in the wavelength gap with an optical amplifier.
18. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of pumping continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber with a continuous wavelength light system to generate a total gain bandwidth of at least 120 nm comprises:
pumping the continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber with the continuous wavelength light system to generate a total gain bandwidth of about 200 nm.
19. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of pumping continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber comprises:
forward pumping the continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber.
20. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of pumping continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber comprises:
backward pumping the continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber.
21. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of pumping continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber comprises:
backward and forward pumping the continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber.
22. The method of claim 14 wherein the continuous wavelength light system comprises a continuous wavelength Raman fiber laser.
23. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of pumping continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber with a continuous wavelength light system comprises:
pumping the continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber with the continuous wavelength light system to generate the total gain bandwidth in at least the C-band.
24. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of pumping continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber with a continuous wavelength light system comprises:
pumping the continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber with the continuous wavelength light system to generate the total gain bandwidth in at least the C-band and the L-band.
25. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of pumping continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber with a continuous wavelength light system comprises:
pumping the continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber with the continuous wavelength light system to generate the total gain bandwidth in at least the C-band, the L-band, and the S-band.
26. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of pumping continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber with a continuous wavelength light system comprises:
pumping the continuous wavelength light on the span of Phosphate-doped optical fiber with the continuous wavelength light system to generate the total gain bandwidth outside of at least one of the C-band, the L-band, and the S-band.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A liquid dispenser comprising:
a liquid supply channel;
a liquid return channel;
a liquid dispensing channel including a first wall, the first wall including a surface, a portion of the first wall defining an outlet opening, the liquid dispensing channel including a second wall opposite the first wall, the second wall of the liquid dispensing channel extending along a portion of the liquid supply channel and along a portion of the liquid return channel;
a liquid supply passage extending through the second wall in fluid communication with the liquid supply channel;
a liquid return passage through the second wall in fluid communication with the liquid return channel, the liquid return passage overlapping the outlet opening of the liquid dispensing channel as viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the first wall of the liquid dispensing channel;
a liquid supply that provides liquid that flows from the liquid supply passage through the liquid supply channel, through the liquid dispensing channel, through the liquid return channel to the liquid return passage; and
a diverter member that selectively diverts a portion of the flowing liquid through the outlet opening of the liquid dispensing channel.
2. The dispenser of claim 1, the liquid return passage being a first liquid return passage, the dispenser further comprising:
a second liquid return passage positioned downstream from the first liquid return passage.
3. The liquid dispenser of claim 2, wherein at least one of the first liquid return passage and the second liquid return passage includes a porous member.
4. The dispenser of claim 1, wherein the liquid return passage is located downstream and spaced apart from the diverter member.
5. The liquid dispenser of claim 1, wherein the liquid return passage includes a porous member.