1. A method of providing embolic protection at a lesion in a treatment zone in a vessel, the lesion location defining the location of the treatment zone, said method comprising:
inserting and positioning an occlusion device in said vessel at a location distal of the lesion without placing an occlusion device proximal of the lesion in the same vessel;
treating a lesion is said vessel at a treatment zone near said occlusion device with a treatment device; followed by,
positioning an extraction section at a location near said lesion, said extraction section of the type having a fluid ejection port where injected primary fluid mixes with ambient fluid and debris creating a wall attached entrained flow;
supplying a fluid to said extraction section forming a primary flow to engage and entrain debris at the site of said lesion generating an entrained flow, said entrained flow containing both primary flow and debris from the lesion;
providing a sheath having an extraction lumen proximal of said extraction section to receive said entrained flow.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein:
said sheath extraction lumen is advanced alternately toward said extraction section and away from said extraction section to further extract debris while said extraction section is approximately stationary in said vessel.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein:
said extraction section 12 is alternately advanced toward said occlusion device and away from said occlusion device while said extraction sheath lumen remains relatively stationary in said vessel to further extract debris.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein:
said occlusion device is an inflatable balloon.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein:
said supplying step occurs while the occlusion device is deflated after the therapeutic intervention of the lesion.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein:
said occlusion device is an occlusion filter.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein:
said supplying step occurs during the occlusion device deflation after the therapeutic intervention of the lesion.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein:
said supplying step occurs prior to the occlusion device deflation after the therapeutic intervention of the lesion.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein:
said extraction section has a jet angle of approximately ninety degrees, and a wall angle of approximately forty degrees.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein:
said extraction section has a jet angle of approximately one hundred eighty degrees, and a wall angle of approximately zero degrees.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein:
said extraction section has a jet angle between approximately one hundred eighty degrees and ninety degrees, and a wall angle of between approximately zero degrees and forty-five degrees.
12. A method of embolic protection at a lesion in a treatment zone in a vessel comprising:
introducing a sheath having an occlusion balloon and an extraction lumen to a location proximal of said lesion;
inflating said occlusion balloon;
introducing an angioplasty catheter having an extraction section distal of said therapy balloon into a vessel said extraction section of the type having a fluid ejection port where injected primary fluid mixes with ambient fluid and debris creating a wall attached entrained flow;
inflating the therapy balloon to treat the lesion;
activating the extraction section by injecting primary fluid under pressure;
deflating the therapy balloon;
allowing or causing a retrograde flow to remove debris from treatment zone through said extraction lumen.
13. A method of embolic protection at a lesion in a treatment zone in a vessel comprising:
introducing a sheath having an occlusion balloon and an extraction lumen to a location proximal of said lesion;
inflating said occlusion balloon;
introducing an angioplasty catheter having an extraction section said extraction section of the type having a fluid ejection port where injected primary fluid mixes with ambient fluid and debris creating a wall attachment entrained flow, distal of said therapy balloon into a vessel;
activating the extraction section by injecting primary fluid under pressure;
inflating the therapy balloon to treat the lesion;
deflating the therapy balloon;
allowing or causing a retrograde flow to remove debris from treatment zone through said extraction lumen.
14. A method of providing embolic protection at a lesion in a treatment zone in a vessel, the lesion location defining the location of the treatment zone, said method comprising:
inserting and positioning an occlusion device in said vessel at a location distal of the lesion or proximal of the lesion but not both proximal and distal of the lesion in the same vessel;
positioning an extraction section of the type having a fluid ejection port where injected primary fluid mixes with ambient fluid and debris creating a wall attachment entrained flow, at a location near said lesion distal of a therapy section on a single catheter, followed by;
treating a lesion is said vessel at a treatment zone near said occlusion device with said treatment section;
supplying a fluid to said extraction section forming a primary flow to engage and entrain debris at the site of said lesion generating a wall attachment entrained flow, said entrained flow containing both primary flow and debris from the lesion;
providing a sheath having an extraction lumen proximal of said extraction section to receive said entrained flow.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein:
said therapy section is an angioplasty balloon and the supplying step occurs while the angioplasty balloon is deflated.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein:
said therapy section is an angioplasty balloon and the supplying step occurs prior to and during the deflation of the angioplasty balloon.
17. The method of claim 14 wherein:
said occlusion device is a balloon located on the distal end of said sheath.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for determining active input elements (S1a, S2a) of an input arrangement (10), comprising:
providing input elements (S1a to S2b) that are connected according to a matrix arrangement (Ma),
providing within the matrix arrangement (Ma) at least two drive lines (L1, L2) that are each connected to a respective driving circuit (2, 4),
providing within the matrix arrangement (Ma) at least two sense lines (Ca, Cb) that may be used to detect active input elements (S1a, S2a),
providing within the matrix arrangement (Ma) serial connections (SC1 to SC4) each comprising an input element (S1a to S2b) and a resistor (R1a to R2b) and each serial connections (SC1 to SC4) being connected to a respective one of the drive lines (L1, L2) and to a respective one of the sense lines (Ca, Cb),
providing pull resistors (Ra, Rb) that connect the sense lines (Ca, Cb) to a first potential, and
using a control device for the driving circuits (2, 4) that is able to drive an active drive line (L1) to a second potential that is different from the first potential and that is able to drive a non active drive line (L2) or non active drive lines to the first potential or to a potential having an absolute offset value from the first potential that is at most 50 percent or at most 10 percent of the absolute value of the difference of the first potential and of the second potential.
2. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
activating a first drive line (L1) of the drive lines (L1, L2), wherein only one drive line (L1) of the drive lines (L1, L2) is active at one time,
detecting a first value of an electrical signal on a first sense line (Ca) of the sense lines (Ca, Cb) during activating the first drive line (L1), and
determining an activated input element (S1a, S2a) in the serial connection (SC1, SC2) between the first drive line (L1) and the first sense line (Ca) due to the undershoot or due the exceeding of a threshold value (SW) by the first value,
whereby the threshold value (SW) is independent of the number of active input elements (S1a, S2a) or independent of at least two, three or four different numbers of active input elements on the first sense line (L1) andor on others of the sense lines (L2).
3. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
detecting a second value of an electrical signal on a second sense line (Cb) of the sense lines (Ca, Cb) during activating the first drive line (L1), especially after determining on the first sense line (Ca),
determining an activated input element (S1b) in the serial connection (SC3) between the first drive line (L1) and the second sense line (Cb) due to the undershoot or due the exceeding of the threshold value (SW) by the second value.
4. The method according to claim 3, comprising
deactivation the first drive line (L1) after detecting the first value and the second value,
activating a second drive line (L2) of the drive lines (L1, L2),
determining an activated input element (S2b) in the serial connection (SC2) between the second drive line (L2) and the first sense line (Ca) due to the undershoot or due the exceeding of the threshold value (SW) by the first value.
5. The method according to claim 2,
wherein the matrix arrangement (Ma) comprises a calibration line (Ccc),
whereby reference resistors (R1cc, R2cc) are connected to the calibration line (Ccc) and to each drive line (L1, L2) respectively,
and wherein the method comprises:
detecting a calibration value using the calibration line (Ccc),
using the calibration value to determine the threshold value (SW),
and whereby the calibration line (Ccc) is connected to the first potential by a further pull resistor (Rcc).
6. The method according to claim 5, whereby the calibration line (Ccc) is sensed and the threshold value (SW) is determined after the activation of a drive line (L1, L2) but before sensing of one of the sense lines (Ca, Cb).
7. The method according to claim 5, whereby the threshold value (SW) is a first threshold value (SW) that is used to calculated or to determine further threshold values or threshold ranges (TR1 to TR11) which indicate different numbers of activated input elements (S1a to S2b) on a sensed sense line (Ca, Cb) respectively.
8. The method according to claim 1, whereby the resistors (R1a to R2b) or the resistors (R1a to R2b) and the pull resistors (Ra, Rb, Rcc) have the same resistance values, especially within a range of tolerance smaller than 5 percent, smaller than 3 percent or smaller than 1 percent with regard to the largest resistance value,
andor whereby the resistors (R1a to R2b) have a fixed resistance value, or there is no pressure sensitivity of the resistors (R1a to R2b),
andor whereby the resistors (R1a to R2b) or the resistors (R1a to R2b) and the pull resistors (Ra, Rb, Rcc) are produced by carbon printing,
and or wherein the resistors (R1a to R2b) have resistance values of at least 4.5 kilo ohms or 5 kilo ohms.
9. The method according to claim 1, whereby the scanning of the matrix arrangement (Ma) is accelerated by at least one of the following measures:
it is determined how many input elements (S1a to S2b) are being active on a sensed sense line (Ca, Cb) as soon as the first active input element (S1a to S2b) is detected at this sense line (Ca, Cb) based on the detected value and based on threshold values (TR1 to TR11) that indicate the number of active input elements (S1a to S2b),
no further electrical signal is detected as soon as a number of active input elements (S1a to S2b) is detected that is equal to the determined number of active input elements (S1a to S2b),
all drive lines (L1, L2) are driven to the second potential and sense lines (Ca, Cb) are determined that do not have activated input elements (S1a to S2b),
these determined sense lines (Ca, Cb) are not considered during the scan of the matrix arrangement (Ma) within the current scan cycle any more,
the order of driving the drive lines (L1, L2) is dependent on the probability of activating input elements (S1a to S2b) connected to the corresponding drive line (L1, L2),
a bisection method is used for driving the drive lines (L1, L2).
10. The method according to claim 1, comprising:
activating one drive line (L1) of the drive lines (L1, L2),
sensing a first value of an electrical signal on one sense line (Ca) of the sense lines (Ca, Cb) during activating the one of the drive lines (L1),
wherein it is tested whether the sensed value is different from a value which indicates that no input element (S1a to S2b) is pressed on the sensed sense line (Ca), and
wherein the input element (S1a) between the active drive line (L1) and the sensed sense line (Ca) is classified as being an active input element (S1a) if the testing is positive,
without further testing for ghost keying, especially without further testing for at least one input element (S1a to S2b) that may be detected as active input element although it is not activated,
wherein especially a key code of an input element (S1a to S2b) that is classified as being an active input element (S1a) is transferred to a computer,
wherein especially the first potential is the positive operation potential.
11. An input arrangement (10), especially for performing a method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising:
a plurality of input elements (S1a, S2a),
wherein the input elements (S1a, S2a) are connected according to a matrix arrangement (Ma),
wherein the matrix arrangement (Ma) comprises at least two drive lines (L1, L2) that are each connected to a respective driving circuit (2, 4),
wherein the matrix arrangement (Ma) comprises at least two sense lines (Ca, Cb) that may be used to detect active input elements (S1a, S2a),
whereby according to the matrix arrangement (Ma) serial connections (SC1 to SC4) each comprising an input element (S1a to S2b) and a resistor (R1a to R2b) are each connected to a respective one of the drive lines (L1, L2) and to a respective one of the sense lines (Ca, Cb).
12. The input arrangement (10) according to claim 11, wherein the sense lines (Ca, Cb) are connected to a first potential by pull resistors (Ra, Rb), and
wherein there is a control device for the driving circuits (2, 4) that drives an active drive line (L1) to a second potential that is different from the first potential and that drives a non active drive line (L2) or non active drive lines to the first potential or to a potential having an absolute offset value from the first potential that is at most 50 percent or at most 10 percent of the absolute value of the difference of the first potential and of the second potential.
13. The input arrangement (10) according to claim 10, wherein the matrix arrangement (Ma) comprises a calibration line (Ccc),
wherein respective reference resistors (R1cc, R2cc) are connected to the calibration line (Ccc) and to each drive line (L1, L2) respectively,
and wherein the calibration line (Ccc) is connected to or connectable to a detection unit for detecting a calibration value.
14. The input arrangement (10) according to claim 13, comprising a threshold determination unit that determines a threshold value (SW) that indicates the activation of an input element (S1a to S2b) independent of the number of activated input elements (S1a to S2b) or independent of at least two or three or four different numbers of activated input elements connected to the same sense line (Ca, Cb) andor that determines at least one threshold value or threshold range (TR1 to TR11) that indicates the exact number of activated input elements (S1a to S2b) connected to the same sense line (Ca, Cb).
15. The input arrangement (10) according to claim 10, comprising a detection unit (ADC) that is operated by an operation potential and that uses a reference potential, wherein the reference potential is filtered in a smother way compared to the operation potential of the detection unit.
16. The input arrangement (10) according to claim 10, whereby the resistors (R1a to R2b) or the resistors (R1a to R2b) and the pull resistors (Ra, Rb, Rcc) have the same resistance values, especially within a range of tolerance smaller than 5 percent, smaller three 3 percent or smaller than 1 percent with regard to the largest resistance value,
andor whereby the resistors (R1a to R2b) have a fixed resistance value,
andor whereby the resistors (R1a to R2b) or the resistors (R2a to R2b) and the pull resistors (Ra, Rb, Rcc) were produced by carbon printing,
and or wherein the resistors (R1a to R2b) have resistance values of at least 4.5 kilo ohms or 5 kilo ohms.
17. The input arrangement (10) according to claim 10, wherein the serial connection (SC1 to SC4) comprises a resistor (R1a to R2b) that is unmovable with regard to a carrier substrate of the matrix arrangement (Ma),
or wherein the serial connection (SC1 to SC4) comprises a resistor (R1a to R2b) that is movable with regard to a carrier substrate of the matrix arrangement (Ma).
18. The input arrangement (10) according to claim 10, wherein there are no decoupling diodes within andor connected to the matrix arrangement (Ma).
19. The input arrangement (10) according to claim 10, wherein the driving circuit (2, 4) or the driving circuits (2, 4) for driving the driving lines (L1, L2) are connected directly to the drive lines (L1, L2) or by using a serial resistor (6, 8) having a resistance smaller than 200 ohms or smaller than 100 ohms, wherein no pull resistor is used connected to an output of the driver circuit (2, 4) or no pull resistors are used connected to outputs of the driver circuits (2, 4).
20. The input arrangement (10) according to claim 10, wherein the driving circuit (2, 4) is or wherein the driving circuits (2, 4) are output circuits of a microcontroller unit (26).
21.-93. (canceled)