1. A method of billing a client for requested data in a network, the method comprising:
requesting data in the network by the client; establishing a secure correction in the network between the client and a server using a security management protocol for the secure connection, the security management protocol being a secure socket layer protocol or a variant of a secure socket layer protocol;
providing a certificate including verified data identifying the client and an extension indicating that the certificate is suitable for billing purposes;
transmitting, during a handshake process of the security management protocol, a price within this requested data from the server to the client; and
transmitting, during the handshake process, an acknowledgment message acknowledging the price from the client to the server, wherein the acknowledgment message is integrated in the security management protocol and contains a digital signature.
2. The billing method as recited in claim 1 further comprising logging the acknowledgment message by the server and using information from the acknowledgment message for billing.
3. The billing method as recited in claim 1 further comprising downloading the requested data to the client and disconnecting the secure connection upon a completion of the download.
4. The billing method as recited in claim 3 wherein the disconnecting is performed by the server automatically.
5. The billing method as recited in claim 1 further comprising, prior to the requesting of the data, disconnecting an existing secure connection by the server.
6. The billing method as recited in claim 1 further comprising, prior to transmitting the acknowledgment message, performing an interrogation, the interrogation including displaying the price for the requested data, and manually acknowledging or rejecting the displayed price.
7. The billing method as recited in claim 6 wherein the acknowledgment message includes the manual acknowledgment or rejection.
8. The billing method as recited in claim 6 wherein the interrogation is performed using a dialog box at the client.
9. The billing method as recited in claim 6 wherein the interrogation is implemented using an error message at the client.
10. The billing method as recited in claim 1 wherein the security management protocol is implemented using an implementation application, the implementation application including one of a Java applet and an Active-X application.
11. The billing method as recited in claim 10 wherein the implementation application is signed.
12. The billing method as recited in claim 1 wherein the transmitting the price is performed using signed XML pages.
13. The billing method as recited in claim 12 wherein the XML pages are signed with at least one of a price indication and a time indication.
14. The billing method as recited in claim 13 wherein a hash value of the requested data is also included in the signature.
15. The billing method as recited in claim 1 wherein the requested data includes content.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A fuel cell, comprising:
a cell laminate body including a substantially rectangular separator and a membrane electrode assembly laminated together, the membrane electrode assembly equipped with substantially rectangular anode and cathode electrode layers located on opposite surfaces of a substantially rectangular electrolyte membrane and comprising an anode flow channel, a cathode flow channel, and a cooling fluid channel inside; and
an external manifold for anode gas and an external manifold for cathode gas disposed outside of the cell laminate body, and being configured to supply or discharge respective fluids with respect to the cell laminate body,
the cell laminate body including at least the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel, the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel being formed from a plurality of linear ribs, a length of the electrode layer along a flow channel direction and a width of the electrode layer in a width direction perpendicular to the flow channel direction defining an aspect ratio less than 1, the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel having two or more flow channel openings disposed in each of first and second ends thereof, and the flow channel openings being laminated so as to form two or more fluid-supplying internal manifolds and two or more fluid-discharging internal manifolds for the anode gas and the cathode gas,
the external manifold for the anode gas and the external manifold for the cathode gas including fluid-supplying external manifolds, which connect to the fluid-supplying internal manifolds via a supply-side communicating portion, and fluid-discharging external manifolds, which connect to the fluid-discharging internal manifolds via a discharge-side communicating portion,
the fluid-supplying and fluid-discharging external manifolds are positioned approximately parallel to each other, extending in the width direction of the cell laminate body, and
the supply-side communicating portion and the discharge-side communicating portion comprise a first auxiliary manifold connected to the internal manifold, and a second auxiliary manifold connected to the external manifold and comprises a center line that intersects a center line of the external manifold and a center line of the first auxiliary manifold, with respect to at least one fluid of the anode gas or the cathode gas.
2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein
an inlet that opens at the end of the fluid-supplying external manifold and an outlet that opens at the end of the fluid-discharging external manifold are positioned on one end side of the cell laminate body in the laminate layer direction and open the same directions, with respect to at least one fluid of the anode gas or the cathode gas.
3. (canceled)
4. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein
a center line of each external manifold is offset to be inward of a center line of a respective internal manifold.
5. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein
the external manifold for the cathode gas and the external manifold for the anode gas are disposed so as to overlap, and the external manifold for the cathode gas is positioned to be closer to the cell laminate body than the external manifold for the anode gas.
6. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein
the external manifold for the cathode gas and the external manifold for the anode gas are disposed overlapping, and the external manifold for the cathode gas is positioned to be farther from the cell laminate body than the external manifold for the anode gas.
7. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the internal manifolds is disposed in a vertical direction and an external manifold of the external manifolds connecting to the at least one of the internal manifolds is disposed to be below the cell laminate body, at least in a cathode.
8. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein
at least one of the internal manifold is disposed in a horizontal direction and an external manifolds of the external manifolds connecting to the at least one of the internal manifolds is disposed to be below the internal manifold, at least in a cathode.
9. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein,
the fluid-supplying external manifold, the first and second auxiliary manifolds in the supply-side communicating portion, the first and second auxiliary manifolds in the discharge-side communicating portion, and the fluid-discharging external manifold are disposed inside of an end plate, with respect to two fluids of anode gas and cathode gas.
10. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein
a discharge-side cross-sectional area of the external manifold for the cathode gas, which uses cooling water and air, is larger than the cross-sectional area of the supply-side.
11. (canceled)
12. (canceled)
13. A fluid distribution device of a fuel cell that distributes at least two fluids among an anode, a cathode, and a cooling fluid, comprising:
a block body forming an end plate;
first and second external manifolds for first and second fluids, respectively, each of the first and second external manifolds including a fluid-supplying external manifold and a fluid-discharging external manifold, and being disposed in the block body,
the block body including a surface on the side thereof configured have a cell laminate body disposed thereon, the first external manifold for the first fluid flowing on a side closer to the surface configured have a cell laminate body and the second external manifold for the second fluid flowing on a side farther from the surface are disposed so as to partially overlap, when viewed from the side of the surface of the block body, and the second external manifold for the second fluid includes an extension portion that does not overlap with the first external manifold for the first fluid, when viewed from the side of the surface of the block body;
a communicating portion for the first fluid is a first hole portion communicating only to the first external manifold for the first fluid from the surface; and
a communicating portion for the second fluid is a second hole portion that communicating only to the second external manifold for the second fluid in the extension portion from the surface.
14. A vehicle comprising the fuel cell according to claim 1.
15. The fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein
the external manifold for the cathode gas and the external manifold for the anode gas are disposed so as to overlap, and the external manifold for the cathode gas is positioned to be closer to the cell laminate body than the external manifold for the anode gas.
16. The fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein
the external manifold for the cathode gas and the external manifold for the anode gas are disposed so as to overlap, and the external manifold for the cathode gas is positioned to be closer to the cell laminate body than the external manifold for the anode gas.
17. The fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein
the external manifold for the cathode gas and the external manifold for the anode gas are disposed overlapping, and the external manifold for the cathode gas is positioned to be farther from the cell laminate body than the external manifold for the anode gas.
18. The fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein
the external manifold for the cathode gas and the external manifold for the anode gas are disposed overlapping, and the external manifold for the cathode gas is positioned to be farther from the cell laminate body than the external manifold for the anode gas.
19. The fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein
at least one of the internal manifolds is disposed in a vertical direction and an external manifold of the external manifolds connecting to the at least one of the internal manifolds is disposed to be below the cell laminate body, at least in a cathode.
20. The fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein
at least one of the internal manifold is disposed in a horizontal direction and an external manifolds of the external manifolds connecting to the at least one of the internal manifolds is disposed to be below the internal manifold, at least in a cathode.
21. The fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein
a discharge-side cross-sectional area of the external manifold in a cathode, which uses cooling water and air, is larger than the cross-sectional area of the supply-side.
22. The fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein
a discharge-side cross-sectional area of the external manifold in a cathode, which uses cooling water and air, is larger than the cross-sectional area of the supply-side.
23. The fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein
a discharge-side cross-sectional area of the external manifold in a cathode, which uses cooling water and air, is larger than the cross-sectional area of the supply-side.