1. A method comprising:
receiving from an advertiser for each of a plurality of ads:
a budget for the ad, and
an impressions goal for the ad;
receiving a request for an ad from a client;
for each of the plurality of ads, determining a bid for the ad, wherein determining a bid for the ad comprises:
determining a remaining budget for the ad based on the received budget for the ad and a current amount of used budget for the ad,
determining a remaining impressions goal for the ad based on the received impressions goal for the ad and a current amount of impressions for the ad, and
determining a bid for the ad based on the determined remaining budget for the ad and the determined remaining impressions goal for the ad; and
selecting an ad for display to the client from the plurality of ads based on the determined bids for the plurality of ads.
2. A method comprising:
receiving a request for an ad from a client;
determining a bid for each of a plurality of ads, wherein determining a bid for an ad comprises:
determining a budget associated with the ad;
determining an impressions goal associated with the ad; and
determining a bid for the ad based on the determined budget and the determined impressions goal; and
selecting an ad for display to the client from the plurality of ads based on the determined bids for the plurality of ads.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein receiving a request for an ad from a client comprises receiving a request for an ad at a web server in response to the client requesting a web page.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein receiving a request for an ad from a client comprises receiving a request for an ad from an application in response to an interaction with the application with a user of the application.
5. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
receiving, for each of the plurality of ads, a budget associated with the ad, and an impressions goal associated with the ad; and
storing the budgets and impressions goals in connection with the associated ads.
6. The method of claim 2, further comprising tracking the historical statistics of each of the plurality of ads by storing the bid amount of the selected ad, the historical statistics of each ad comprising at least the total amount spent on displaying the ad and the number of impressions for the ad.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining a budget associated with an ad comprises:
determining a total budget for the ad set by an advertiser;
determining the amount of the total budget for the ad that has been used to display the ad prior to receiving the request for the ad; and
determining the remaining budget for the ad by subtracting the amount of the total budget that has been used from the total budget.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein determining an impressions goal associated with an ad comprises:
determining a total impressions goal for the ad set by an advertiser;
determining the number of impressions for the ad prior to receiving the request for the ad; and
determining the number of impressions for the ad required to reach the total impressions goal by subtracting the determined number of impressions for the ad from the total impressions goal.
9. The method of claim 2, wherein determining a bid for the ad based on the determined budget and the determined impressions goal comprises:
determining an impression value for the ad, wherein the impression value for the ad comprises the potential value of an impression of the ad at the requesting client to an advertiser associated with the ad;
determining a pacing value for the ad, wherein the pacing value for the ad comprises the value of displaying the based on the pace of the impressions of the ad; and
combining the determined impression value for the ad with the determined pacing value for the ad to determine a bid for the ad.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein determining a bid for the ad further comprises:
determining an impression value weight based on a remaining proportion of budget for the ad and a remaining proportion of time for the ad for which the ad is eligible to be display, relative to a total ad display time period set by the advertiser associated with the ad;
weighting the determined impression value for the ad with the determined impression value weight; and
combining the weighted impression value for the ad with the determined pacing value for the ad to determine a bid for the ad.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the determined impression value weight comprises the ratio of the remaining proportion of budget for the ad to the remaining proportion of time for the ad.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein determining a bid for the ad further comprises:
determining a pacing value weight based on a remaining proportion of impressions required to reach the ad’s impressions goal relative to the impressions goal and the remaining proportion of time for the ad;
weighting the determined pacing value for the ad with the determined pacing value weight; and
combining the weighted impression value for the ad with the weighted pacing value for the ad to determine a bid for the ad.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the determined pacing value weight comprises the ratio of the remaining proportion of impressions for the ad to the remaining proportion of time for the ad.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein combining the weighted impression value for the ad with the weighted pacing value for the ad comprises adding the weighted impression value for the ad with the weighted pacing value for the ad.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the impression value weight and the pacing value weight are determined together, such that the impression value weight and the pacing value weight are inversely proportional.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein selecting an ad for display comprises selecting the ad associated with a highest determined bid.
17. A method comprising:
receiving a request for an ad from a client;
determining a bid for each of a plurality of ads, wherein determining a bid for an ad comprises:
determining a budget associated with the ad,
determining an impression value for the ad, wherein the impression value for the ad comprises the potential value of an impression of the ad at the requesting client to an advertiser associated with the ad, and
determining a bid for the ad based on the determined budget and the determined impression value; and
selecting an ad for display to the client from the plurality of ads based on the determined bids for the plurality of ads.
18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
receiving, from each of a plurality of advertisers:
an ad; and
a budget associated with the ad; and
storing the received ads and the associated budgets.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein determining a budget associated with an ad comprises:
determining a total budget for the ad set by the advertiser associated with the ad;
determining the amount of the total budget for the ad which has been used to display the ad prior to receiving the request for the ad; and
determining the remaining budget for the ad by subtracting the amount of the total budget which has been used from the total budget.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein determining a bid for the ad further comprises:
determining an impression value weight based on a remaining proportion of budget for the ad and a remaining proportion of time for the ad for which the ad is eligible to be display, relative to a total ad display time period set by the advertiser associated with the ad;
weighting the determined impression value for the ad with the determined impression value weight; and
determining a bid for the ad based on the weighted determined impression value for the ad.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for producing isoprene from a feedstock comprising isoprene and at least one close-boiling hydrocarbon, the process comprising the steps of:
feeding the feedstock into a distillation zone;
feeding extractive solvent into said distillation zone;
distilling said feedstock in said distillation zone in the presence of said extractive solvent;
producing a solvent fraction;
producing an overhead fraction comprising said at least one close-boiling hydrocarbon;
withdrawing said solvent fraction from said distillation zone; and
withdrawing said overhead fraction from said distillation zone.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the extractive solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene carbonate, sulfolane (tetramethylene sulfone), methyl carbitol, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 2-pyrrolidinone, and mixtures thereof.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein the solvent fraction produced after distillation is rich in isoprene compared to the solvent fed to the distillation zone.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the overhead fraction is lean in isoprene compared to the feedstock.
5. A process for producing isoprene from a feedstock comprising the steps of:
introducing the feedstock to a deisopentanizer;
removing C4s and isopentane in a distillate fraction;
removing cyclopentadienes in a bottoms fraction;
subjecting the cyclopentadienes to dimerization in a dimerization system;
introducing the product of dimerization to a C5 splitter;
introducing the product of the C5 splitter to an extractive distillation column;
transferring the bottoms fraction of the extractive distillation column to a solvent recovery column;
transferring the overhead stream from the solvent recovery column to an isoprene rectification column;
withdrawing pure isoprene from the overhead stream of the isoprene rectification column.
6. The process of claim 5, further comprising the step of transferring the bottom fraction of the isoprene rectification column to a stripping column.
7. The process of claim 6, further comprising the step of transferring the overhead fraction of the stripping column to the isoprene rectification column.
8. The process of claim 6, further comprising the step of transferring the bottoms fraction of the stripping column to the dimerization system.