1. A multiple-port adddrop package comprising:
an optical filter;
a first input fiber;
a first reflected fiber optically coupled with said first input fiber via a light signal reflected by said optical filter;
a second input fiber;
a second reflected fiber optically coupled with said second input fiber via a light signal reflected by said optical filter,
wherein at least one fiber has a pre-determined tolerance for ovality equal to or less than about 0.8 percent and wherein a separation distance (SD) of the first fibers ranges from about 125 \u03bcm to about 250 \u03bcm and an SD of the second fibers ranges from about 125 \u03bcm to about 250 \u03bcm.
2. The multiple-port adddrop package of claim 1, further comprising a first transmitted fiber optically coupled to said first input fiber.
3. The multiple-port adddrop package of claim 2, further comprising a second transmitted fiber optically coupled to said second input fiber.
4. The multiple-port adddrop package of claim 1, further comprising a third input fiber optically coupled to said first reflected fiber via a light signal transmitted through said filter.
5. The multiple-port adddrop package of claim 4, further comprising a fourth input fiber optically coupled to the second reflected fiber.
6. The multiple-port adddrop package of claim 1, wherein an angle of incidence of the optical filter ranges from about 1.8 degrees to about 3 degrees.
7. The multiple-port adddrop package of claim 1, wherein a tolerance of the first SD is less than or equal to 4 \u03bcm and a tolerance of the second SD is less than or equal to 4 \u03bcm.
8. The multiple-port adddrop package of claim 1, wherein an absolute value of a difference between the first SD and the second SD is less than or equal to about 2 \u03bcm.
9. The multiple-port adddrop package of claim 1, wherein the first SD and the second SD, and an angle of incidence (AOI) of the optical filter are selected according to FIG. 15.
10. A multiple-port optical device comprising:
a first input fiber transmitting a first signal;
a second input fiber transmitting a second signal;
a third input fiber transmitting a third signal;
an optical element in communication with said first, second and third fibers, wherein said optical element is selected from the group consisting of an isolator, a circulator, and an attenuator;
a first transmitted fiber optically coupled with said first input fiber through said optical element;
a second transmitted fiber optically coupled with said second input fiber through said optical element; and
a third transmitted fiber optically coupled with said third input fiber wherein at least one fiber has a pre-determined tolerance for core concentricity equal to or less than about 1.0 \u03bcm.
11. The multi-port optical device of claim 10, further comprising: a fourth input fiber transmitting a fourth signal; and a fourth output fiber optically coupled with said fourth input fiber.
12. A multiple-port adddrop optical module comprising:
a first and a second multiple-port optical package, each said package comprising a first input fiber, a first reflected fiber, a second input fiber, a second reflected fiber, a drop fiber, and an add fiber, said drop fiber optically coupled to said first input fiber and said add fiber optically coupled to said second reflected fiber;
wherein said first reflected fiber of said first package is coupled to said first input fiber of said second package;
wherein said second input fiber of said first package is coupled to said second reflected fiber of said first package;
wherein a separation distance (SD) of the first fibers ranges from about 125 \u03bcm to about 250 \u03bcm and an SD of the second fibers ranges from about 125 \u03bcm to about 250 \u03bcm.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
That which is claimed is:
1. A cellular communications system comprising:
a base station and at least one mobile station communicating therewith, said base station comprising
a plurality of antennas, and
a modulator for providing a transmit signal for each antenna, said modulator estimating a weighting factor for each transmit signal based upon considering each transmit signal as having an unknown and arbitrary fading factor associated therewith, and based upon considering the unknown and arbitrary fading factors to have a predetermined cross-correlation function.
2. The cellular communications system of claim 1 wherein said modulator estimates each weighting factor by considering the unknown and arbitrary fading factors to be Gaussian random processes having the predetermined cross-correlation function.
3. The cellular communications system of claim 2 wherein a pilot signal is broadcast on a first one of said plurality of antennas.
4. The cellular communications system of claim 3 wherein said modulator estimates a weighting factor for the transmit signal broadcast on said first antenna according to the following equation:
8
=
1
–
i
=
2
M
i
2
,
where M is a number of said plurality of antennas and i are the weighting factors for each of said remaining antennas.
5. The cellular communications system of claim 3 wherein said modulator estimates weighting factors i for the transmit signals broadcast on each of said antennas except said first antenna according to the following equation:
9
i
=
i
M
(
i
2
2
+
(
1
–
i
2
+
1
)
2
)
,
where M is a number of said plurality of antennas, i is a magnitude value of the predetermined cross-correlation function, and is a signal-to-noise ratio of the transmit signals.
6. The cellular communications system of claim 1 wherein said modulator estimates the weighting factors by considering a sum of squared absolute values of each weighting factor to be one.
7. The cellular communications system of claim 1 wherein said base station further comprises a frequency synthesizer for assigning a carrier to the transmit signals.
8. The cellular communications system of claim 1 wherein said mobile station comprises:
at least one antenna for receiving the transmit signals; and
a receiver for demodulating the transmit signals.
9. A cellular communications system comprising:
a base station and at least one mobile station communicating therewith, said base station comprising
a plurality of antennas, and
a modulator for providing a transmit signal for each antenna, said modulator estimating a weighting factor for each transmit signal based upon considering each transmit signal as having an unknown and arbitrary fading factor associated therewith, and based upon considering the unknown and arbitrary fading factors to be Gaussian random processes having a predetermined cross-correlation function; and said mobile station comprising
at least one antenna for receiving the plurality of transmit signals, and
a receiver for demodulating the plurality of transmit signals.
10. The cellular communications system of claim 9 wherein a pilot signal is broadcast on a first one of said plurality of antennas.
11. The cellular communications system of claim 10 wherein said modulator estimates a weighting factor for the transmit signal broadcast on said first antenna according to the following equation:
10
=
1
–
i
=
2
M
i
2
,
where M is a number of said plurality of antennas and i are the weighting factors for each of said remaining antennas.
12. The cellular communications system of claim 10 wherein said modulator estimates weighting factors i for the transmit signals broadcast on each of said antennas except said first antenna according to the following equation:
11
i
=
i
M
(
i
2
2
+
(
1
–
i
2
+
1
)
2
)
,
where M is a number of said plurality of antennas, i is a magnitude value of the predetermined cross-correlation function, and is a signal-to-noise ratio of the transmitted signals.
13. The cellular communications system of claim 9 wherein said modulator estimates the weighting factors by considering a sum of squared absolute values of each weighting factor to be one.
14. The cellular communications system of claim 9 wherein said base station further comprises a frequency synthesizer for assigning a carrier to the transmit signals.
15. A base station for communicating with at least one mobile station in a cellular communications system, the base station comprising
a plurality of antennas; and
a modulator for providing a transmit signal for each antenna, said modulator estimating a weighting factor for each transmit signal based upon considering each transmit signal as having an unknown and arbitrary fading factor associated therewith, and based upon considering the unknown and arbitrary fading factors to have a predetermined cross-correlation function.
16. The base station of claim 15 wherein said modulator estimates each weighting factor by considering the unknown and arbitrary fading factors to be Gaussian random processes having the predetermined cross-correlation function.
17. The base station of claim 16 wherein a pilot signal is broadcast on a first one of said plurality of antennas.
18. The base station of claim 17 wherein said modulator estimates a weighting factor a for the transmit signal broadcast on said first antenna according to the following equation:
12
=
1
–
i
=
2
M
i
2
,
where M is a number of said plurality of antennas and i are the weighting factors for each of said remaining antennas.
19. The base station of claim 17 wherein said modulator estimates weighting factors i for the transmit signals broadcast on each of said antennas except said first antenna according to the following equation:
13
i
=
i
M
(
i
2
2
+
(
1
–
i
2
+
1
)
2
)
,
where M is a number of said plurality of antennas, i is a magnitude value of the predetermined cross-correlation function, and is a signal-to-noise ratio of the transmit signals.
20. The base station of claim 15 wherein said modulator estimates the weighting factors by considering a sum of squared absolute values of each weighting factor to be one.
21. The base station of claim 15 wherein said base station further comprises a frequency synthesizer for assigning a carrier to the transmit signals.
22. A method for transmitting communications signals using a cellular communications network comprising:
providing a transmit signal to each one of a plurality of antennas;
estimating a weighting factor for each transmit signal based upon considering each transmit signal as having an unknown and arbitrary fading factor associated therewith and based upon considering the unknown and arbitrary fading factors to have a predetermined cross-correlation function.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein estimating comprises considering the unknown and arbitrary fading factors to be Gaussian random processes having the predetermined cross-correlation function.
24. The method of claim 23 further comprising broadcasting a pilot signal on a first one of the plurality of antennas.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein estimating comprises estimating a weighting factor a for the transmit signal broadcast on the first antenna according to the following equation:
14
=
1
–
i
=
2
M
i
2
,
where M is a number of the plurality of antennas and i are the weighting factors for each of the remaining antennas.
26. The method of claim 24 wherein estimating comprises estimating weighting factors i for the transmit signals broadcast on each of the antennas except the first antenna according to the following equation:
15
i
=
i
M
(
i
2
2
+
(
1
–
i
2
+
1
)
2
)
,
where M is a number of the plurality of antennas, i is a magnitude value of the predetermined cross-correlation function, and is a signal-to-noise ratio of the transmitted signals.
27. The method of claim 22 wherein estimating comprises estimating the weighting factors by considering a sum of squared absolute values of each weighting factor to be one.