1. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation apparatus comprising:
a database which stores data of stimulating Noh mask images that express various kinds of human emotions according to changes of the angles at which the masks are photographed from tilting up to tilting down;
an image display apparatus for displaying the stimulating images;
means for displaying questions, referred to as emotion items, about the feeling elicited by the stimulating images that have been one by one shown on the image display apparatus as well as displaying a response from a subject being evaluated to each question based on response data which includes affirmative response data, reaction data and a reaction-time value;
means for gathering statistical data of the response to each emotion item with respect to the emotion elicited by each stimulating image; and
processing means for evaluating psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the gathered statistical data including the number of affirmative responses, a number of expression evaluation variations, a balance coefficient of expression and a deviation score from healthy subjects’ reference data that have been obtained by recalculating affirmative responses from each emotion item,
wherein said database stores predetermined combinations of stimulating images photographed at different angles that have been selected from said stimulating images and plural emotion items that have been selected from said emotion items with respect to more than one psychotic manifestation and mental state,
wherein said processing means collects a reaction value and a reaction-time value from the response data of the response to each emotion item that corresponds to each stimulating image, collects reaction data by comparing the reaction and reaction-time values with reference values, and collects attention data based on the reaction data with respect to each stimulating image, and evaluating psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the collected data, thereby creating attention data in regard to a specific emotion item with respect to a specific stimulating image,
wherein the attention data, when used, permits said psychotic manifestation to be easily discriminated, said psychotic manifestation being one of organic brain damage, schizophrenia and depressive tendency,
wherein said attention data with respect to specified stimulating image and specified emotion item has a three-dimensional structure in which plus values and minus values coexist and is displayed on said image display apparatus to permit a visual understanding of the condition of the subject,
wherein after the collection, said processing means identifies a specific symptom that corresponds to said psychotic manifestation based on the attention data and a result of comparing of the selected stimulating images and the emotion items to the stimulating image and emotion item stored in the database, and
wherein individual data is created for each specific symptom by including a result of comparing the reaction data to the reaction data of healthy subjects for a specific emotion item with respect to a specific symptom.
2. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said individual data includes emotion item specified for specific stimulating image and reaction data on stimulating image for each emotion item.
3. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said database stores three or more predetermined combinations, and individual data is provided for each of said three or more predetermined combinations of symptoms.
4. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 through 3, wherein when a specific symptom is discriminated, the evaluation is confirmed by using a discriminant that has been created in advance by reflecting plus value of attention data.
5. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a display image creation means which displays a profile of said statistical data on stimulating image specified for said each specific emotion item and also displays a profile of healthy subjects for comparison.
6. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation apparatus comprising:
a database which stores data of stimulating Noh mask images that express various kinds of human emotions according to changes of the angles at which the masks are photographed from the tilting up to tilting down;
an image display apparatus for displaying the stimulating images;
means for displaying questions, referred to as emotion items, about the feeling elicited by the stimulating images that have been one by one shown on the image display apparatus as well as displaying a response from a subject being evaluated to each question based on response data which includes affirmative response data, reaction data and a reaction-time value,
means for gathering statistical data of the response to each emotion item with respect to the emotion elicited by each stimulating image, and
processing means for evaluating psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the gathered statistical data including the number of affirmative responses, a number of expression evaluation variations, a balance coefficient of expression and a deviation score from healthy subjects’ reference data that have been obtained by recalculating affirmative responses from each emotion item,
wherein said database stores predetermined combinations of stimulating images photographed at different angles that have been selected from said stimulating images and plural emotion items that have been selected from said emotion items with respect to more than one psychotic manifestation and mental state,
wherein said processing means collects a reaction value and a reaction-time value from the response data of the response to each emotion item that corresponds to each stimulating image, collects the reaction data and reaction-time data by comparing the reaction and the reaction-time values with reference values, and collects attention data based on the reaction data with respect to each stimulating image, and evaluating psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the collected data, thereby creating attention data in regard to a specific emotion item with respect to a specific stimulating image,
wherein the attention data, when used, permits said psychotic manifestation to be easily discriminated, said psychotic manifestation being one of organic brain damage, schizophrenia and depressive tendency,
wherein said attention data with respect to specified stimulating image and specified emotion item has a three-dimensional structure in which plus values and minus values coexist and is displayed on said image display apparatus to permit a visual understanding of the condition of the subject,
wherein after the collection, said processing means identifies a specific symptom that corresponds to said psychotic manifestation based on the attention data and a result of comparing of the selected stimulating images and the emotion items to the stimulating image and emotion item stored in the database,
wherein individual data is created for each specific symptom by including a result of comparing the reaction data to the reaction data of healthy subjects for a specific emotion item with respect to a specific symptom,
wherein said processing means includes individual data creation and confirmation means which creates said individual data, and
wherein said individual data creation and confirmation means inputs healthy subject data for each diagnosis by a fetch-in function, maps cognitive data, creates a radar chart of data, compares data to data of a healthy subject, and applies discriminants to discriminate between organic brain damage, schizophrenia and depressive tendency.
7. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said individual data includes emotion item specified for specific stimulating image and reaction data and reaction-time data on stimulating image for each emotion item.
8. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said database stores three or more predetermined combinations, and individual data is provided for each of the three or more specific symptoms.
9. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation apparatus according to claim 6, wherein when a specific symptom is discriminated, the evaluation is confirmed by using a discriminant that has been created in advance by reflecting plus value of attention data.
10. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a display image creation means which displays a profile of said statistical data on stimulating image specified for said each specific emotion item and also displays a profile of healthy subjects for comparison.
11. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation method comprising the steps of:
storing, in a database, data of stimulating Noh mask images that express various kinds of human emotions according to changes of the angles at which the mask are photographed from the tilting up to tilting down;
displaying the stimulating images;
displaying questions, namely emotion items, about the feeling elicited by the stimulating images that have been one by one shown on an image display apparatus as well as displaying a response from a subject being evaluated to each question based on response data which includes affirmative response data, reaction data and a reaction-time value;
gathering statistical data of the response to each emotion item with respect to the emotion elicited by each stimulating image; and
evaluating, by processing means, psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the gathered statistical data including the number of affirmative responses, a number of expression evaluation variations, a balance coefficient of expression and a deviation score from healthy subjects’ reference data that have been obtained by recalculating affirmative responses from each emotion item,
wherein said database stores predetermined combinations of stimulating images photographed at different angles that have been selected from said stimulating images and plural emotion items that have been selected from said emotion items with respect to more than one psychotic manifestation and mental state,
wherein said processing means collects a reaction value and a reaction-time value from the response data of the response to each emotion item that corresponds to each stimulating image, collects reaction data by comparing the reaction and reaction-time values with reference values, and collects attention data based on the reaction data with respect to each stimulating image, and evaluating psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the collected data, thereby creating attention data in regard to a specific emotion item with respect to a specific stimulating image,
wherein the attention data, when used, permits said psychotic manifestation to be easily discriminated, said psychotic manifestation being one of organic brain damage, schizophrenia and depressive tendency,
wherein said attention data with respect to specified stimulating image and specified emotion item has a three-dimensional structure in which plus values and minus values coexist and is displayed on said image display apparatus to permit a visual understanding of the condition of the subject,
wherein after the collection, said processing means identifies a specific symptom that corresponds to said psychotic manifestation based on the attention data and a result of comparing the selected stimulating images and the emotion items to the stimulating image and emotion item stored in the database, and
wherein individual data is created for each specific symptom by including a result of comparing the reaction data to the reaction data of healthy subjects for a specific emotion item with respect to a specific symptom.
12. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation method according to claim 11, wherein said individual data includes emotion item specified for specific stimulating image and reaction data on stimulating image for each emotion item.
13. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation method according to claim 11, wherein said database stores three or more predetermined combinations, and individual data is provided for each of the three or more specific symptoms.
14. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation method according to claim 13, wherein when a specific symptom is discriminated, the evaluation is confirmed by using a discriminant that has been created in advance by reflecting plus value of attentive data.
15. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation method according to claim 11, further comprising the steps of:
displaying a profile of said statistical data on stimulating image specified for each specific emotion item; and
displaying a profile of healthy subjects for comparison.
16. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation method comprising the steps of:
storing, in a database, data of stimulating Noh mask images that express various kinds of human emotions according to changes of the angles at which the masks are photographed from the tilting up to tilting down;
displaying, on an image display apparatus, the stimulating images;
displaying questions, namely emotion items, about the feeling elicited by the stimulating images that have been one by one shown on the image display apparatus as well as displaying a response, from a subject being evaluated, to each question based on response data which includes affirmative response data, reaction data and a reaction-time value;
gathering statistical data of the response to each emotion item with respect to the emotion elicited by each stimulating image; and
evaluating, by processing means, psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the gathered statistical data including the number of affirmative responses, a number of expression evaluation variations, a balance coefficient of expression and a deviation score from healthy subjects’ reference data that have been obtained by recalculating affirmative responses from each emotion item,
wherein said database stores predetermined combinations of stimulating images photographed at different angles that have been selected from said stimulating images and plural emotion items that have been selected from said emotion items with respect to more than one psychotic manifestation and mental state,
wherein said processing means collects a reaction value and a reaction-time value from the response data of the response to each emotion item that corresponds to each stimulating image, collects reaction data and reaction-time data by comparing the reaction and reaction-time values with reference values, and collects attention data based on the reaction data with respect to each stimulating image, and evaluating psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the collected data, thereby creating attention data in regard to a specific emotion item with respect to a specific stimulating image
wherein the attention data, when used, permits said psychotic manifestation to be easily discriminated, said psychotic manifestation being one of organic brain damage, schizophrenia and depressive tendency,
wherein said attention data with respect to specified stimulating image and specified emotion item has a three-dimensional structure in which plus values and minus values coexist and is displayed on said image display apparatus to permit a visual understanding of the condition of the subject,
wherein after the collection, said processing means identifies a specific symptom that corresponds to said psychotic manifestation based on the attention data and a result of comparing the selected stimulating images and the emotion items to the stimulating image and emotion item stored in the database,
wherein individual data is created for each specific symptom by including a result of comparing the reaction data to the reaction data of healthy subjects for a specific emotion item with respect to a specific symptom,
wherein said processing means includes individual data creation and confirmation means which creates said individual data, and
wherein said individual data creation and confirmation means inputs healthy subject data for each diagnosis by a fetch-in function, maps cognitive data, creates a radar chart of data, compares data to data of a healthy subject, and applies discriminants to discriminate between organic brain damage, schizophrenia and depressive tendency.
17. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation method according to claim 16, wherein said individual data includes emotion item specified for specific stimulating image and reaction data and reaction-time data on stimulating image for each emotion item.
18. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation method according to claim 16, wherein said database stores three or more predetermined combinations, and individual data is provided for each of the three or more specific symptoms.
19. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation method according to claim 16, wherein when a specific symptom is identified, the evaluation is confirmed by using an identity determining factor that has been created in advance by reflecting plus value of attention data.
20. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation method according to claim 16, further comprising the steps of:
displaying a profile of said statistical data on stimulating image specified for each specific emotion item; and
displaying a profile of healthy subjects for comparison.
21. A computer program, stored on a storage medium, for evaluating a psychotic manifestation and mental state, wherein said computer program when executed causes a computer to perform the steps of:
storing, in a database, data of stimulating Noh mask images that express various kinds of human emotions according changes of the angles at which the masks are photographed from the tilting up to tilting down;
displaying the stimulating images;
displaying questions, namely emotion items, about the feeling elicited by the stimulating images that have been one shown on an image display apparatus as well as displaying a response, form a subject being evaluated, to each question based on response data which includes affirmative response data, reaction data and a reaction-time value;
gathering statistical data of the response to each emotion item with respect to the emotion elicited by each stimulating image; and
evaluating, by processing means, psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the gathered statistical data including the number of affirmative responses, a number of expression evaluation variations, a balance coefficient of expression and a deviation score from healthy subjects’ reference data that have been obtained by recalculating affirmative responses from each emotion item,
wherein said database stores predetermined combinations of stimulating images photographed at different angles that have been selected from said stimulating images and plural emotion items that have been selected from said emotion items with respect to more than one psychotic manifestation and mental state,
wherein said processing means collects a reaction value and a reaction-time value from the response data of the response to each emotion item that corresponds to each stimulating image, collects reaction data by comparing the reaction and reaction-time values with reference values, and collects attention data based on the reaction data with respect to each stimulating image, and evaluating psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the collected data, thereby creating attention data in regard to a specific emotion item with respect to a specific stimulating image
wherein the attention data, when used, permits said psychotic manifestation to be easily discriminated, said psychotic manifestation being one of organic brain damage, schizophrenia and depressive tendency,
wherein said attention data with respect to specified stimulating image and specified emotion item has a three-dimensional structure in which plus values and minus values coexist and is displayed to permit a visual understanding of the condition of the subject,
wherein after the collection, said processing means identifies a specific symptom that corresponds to said psychotic manifestation based on the attention data and a result of comparing the selected stimulating images and the emotion items to the stimulating image and emotion item stored in the database, and
wherein individual data is created for each specific symptom by including a result of comparing the reaction data to the reaction data of healthy subjects for a specific emotion item with respect to a specific symptom.
22. A computer program, stored on a storage medium, for evaluating a psychotic manifestation and mental state, wherein said computer program when executed causes a computer to perform the steps of:
storing, in a database, data of stimulating Noh mask images that express various kinds of human emotions according to changes of the angles at which the masks are photographed from the tilting up to tilting down;
displaying, on an image display apparatus, the stimulating images;
displaying questions, namely emotion items, about the feeling elicited by the stimulating images that have been one by one shown on the image display apparatus as well as displaying a response, from a subject being evaluated, to each question based on response data which includes affirmative response data, reaction data and a reaction-time value;
gathering statistical data of the response to each emotion item with respect to the emotion elicited by each stimulating image; and
evaluating, by processing means, psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the gathered statistical data including the number of affirmative responses, a number of expression evaluation variations, a balance coefficient of expression and a deviation score from healthy subjects’ reference data that have been obtained by recalculating affirmative responses from each emotion item,
wherein said database stores predetermined combinations of stimulating images photographed at different angles that have been selected from said stimulating images and plural emotion items that have been selected from said emotion items with respect to more than one psychotic manifestation and mental state,
wherein said processing means collects a reaction value and a reaction-time value from the response data of the response to each emotion item that corresponds to each stimulating image, collects reaction data by comparing the reaction and reaction-time values with reference values, and collects attention data based on the reaction data with respect to each stimulating image, and evaluating psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the collected data, thereby creating attention data in regard to a specific emotion item with respect to a specific stimulating image,
wherein the attention data, when used, permits said psychotic manifestation to be easily discriminated, said psychotic manifestation being one of organic brain damage, schizophrenia and depressive tendency,
wherein said attention data with respect to specified stimulating image and specified emotion item has a three-dimensional structure in which plus values and minus values coexist and is displayed to permit a visual understanding of the condition of the subject,
wherein after the collection, said processing means identifies a specific symptom that corresponds to said psychotic manifestation based on the attention data and a result of comparing the selected stimulating images and the emotion items to the stimulating image and emotion item stored in the database,
wherein individual data is created for each specific symptom by including a result of comparing the reaction data to the reaction data of healthy subjects for a specific emotion item with respect to a specific symptom,
wherein said processing means includes individual data creation and confirmation means which creates said individual data, and
wherein said individual data creation and confirmation means inputs healthy subject data for each diagnosis by a fetch-in function, maps cognitive data, creates a radar chart of data, compares data to data of a healthy subject, and applies discriminants to discriminate between organic brain damage, schizophrenia and depressive tendency.
23. A psychotic manifestation and mental state evaluation apparatus comprising:
a database which stores data of stimulating Noh mask images that express various kinds of human emotions according to changes of the angles at which the masks are photographed from tilting up to tilting down;
an image display apparatus for displaying the stimulating images;
means for displaying questions, referred to as emotion items, about the feeling elicited by the stimulating images that have been one by one shown on the image display apparatus as well as displaying a response from a subject being evaluated to each question;
means for gathering statistical data of the response to each emotion item with respect to the emotion elicited by each stimulating image; and
processing means for evaluating psychotic manifestation and mental state based on the gathered statistical data,
wherein said database stores predetermined combinations of stimulating images photographed at different angles that have been selected from said stimulating images and plural emotion items that have been selected from said emotion items with respect to more than one psychotic manifestation and mental state,
wherein said processing means collects a reaction value and a reaction-time value from the response to each emotion item that corresponds to each stimulating image, collects reaction data by comparing the reaction and reaction-time values with reference values, and collects attention data based on the reaction data with respect to each stimulating image, thereby creating attention data in regard to a specific emotion item with respect to a specific stimulating image,
wherein the attention data, when used, permits said psychotic manifestation to be easily discriminated, said psychotic manifestation being one of organic brain damage, schizophrenia and depressive tendency,
wherein said attention data with respect to specified stimulating image and specified emotion item has a three-dimensional structure in which plus values and minus values coexist and is displayed on said image display apparatus to permit a visual understanding of the condition of the subject,
wherein after the collection, said processing means identifies a specific symptom that corresponds to said psychotic manifestation based on the attention data and a result of comparing of the selected stimulating images and the emotion items to the stimulating image and emotion item stored in the database,
wherein individual data is created for each specific symptom by including a result of comparing the reaction data to the reaction data of healthy subjects for a specific emotion item with respect to a specific symptom,
wherein said processing means performs processing to filter people with depressive tendencies,
wherein said processing to filter people with depressive tendencies includes:
a first step of comparing an average reaction time for all of the emotion items for each of the subjects being evaluated to a threshold of 2,800 ms to identify subjects whose average reaction time for all of the emotion items exceeds 2,800 ms,
a second step of identifying subjects having depressive tendencies that require outpatient medication treatment among the subjects identified by said first step by determining for each subject whether a difference between the reaction time for negative emotion items including sadness, anger, hatred, weirdness, and fear and the reaction time for positive emotion items including happiness, shyness, and calmness for said subject exceeds 1,000 ms, and
a third step of identifying subjects having depressive tendencies that can function in a school or work environment with counseling among the subjects identified by said first step by determining for each subject whether a difference between the reaction time for negative emotion items including sadness, anger, hatred, weirdness, and fear and the reaction time for positive emotion items including happiness, shyness, and calmness for said subject exceeds 500 ms but is less than 1,000 ms.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A thin film composite membrane structure comprising: a selective membrane layer for ion rejection attached to a support layer, the support layer comprising a multi-zone microfiltration membrane comprising:
a porous support material; and
at least two microfiltration zones, where a first zone comprises a first membrane and a second zone that is attached to the first zone and that coats at least a portion of the depth of the porous support material.
2. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 1, wherein the selective membrane layer comprises a polyamide membrane formed by interfacial polymerization on the hydrophilic support layer.
3. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 2, wherein the polyamide comprises piperazine (PIP), m-phenylenediamine (MPD), or combinations thereof.
4. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 1, wherein the first zone comprises a pore size that is smaller than a pore size of the second zone.
5. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 4, wherein the pore size of the second zone is greater than the pore size of the first zone by a factor in the range of 1.1 to 500.
6. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 1, wherein the first zone comprises a pore size in the range of 0.02 microns to 0.45 microns.
7. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 1, wherein the first zone comprises a thickness of at least 2.0 microns.
8. (canceled)
9. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 1, wherein the second zone comprises a pore size in the range of 0.65 microns to 10.0 microns.
10. (canceled)
11. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 1, wherein the second zone is continuously joined to the first zone through molecular entanglement.
12. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 1, wherein the first zone of the multi-zone microfiltration support layer is attached to the selective membrane layer.
13. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 1, wherein the support layer comprises a polyamide.
14. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 1, wherein the support layer comprises a modified membrane formed from a polyethersulfone, a polysulfone, a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), andor polypropylene.
15. (canceled)
16. A thin film composite membrane structure comprising:
a selective membrane layer for ion rejection, the selective membrane layer comprising a polyamide; and
a multi-zone microfiltration support layer attached to the selective membrane, the multi-zone microfiltration support layer comprising:
a porous support material comprising a nonwoven, woven, or extruded material selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene, and combinations thereof; and
at least two microfiltration zones each comprising a polyamide, where a first zone comprises a first membrane and a second zone that is attached to the first zone and that coats at least a portion of the depth of the porous support material.
17. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 16, wherein the polyamide of the selective membrane layer comprises piperazine (PIP), m-phenylenediamine (MPD), or combinations thereof.
18. (canceled)
19. The thin film composite membrane structure of claim 16, wherein the first zone comprises a pore size in the range of 0.02 microns to 0.45 microns and a thickness in the range of 2.0 microns to 10 microns, and the second zone comprises a pore size in the range of 0.65 microns to 10.0 microns.
20. A method of making a thin film composite membrane structure, the method comprising:
forming a multi-zone microfiltration membrane that comprises a porous support material; and at least two microfiltration zones, where a first zone comprises a first membrane and a second zone that is attached to the first zone and that coats at least a portion of the depth of the porous support material; and
forming a selective membrane on the multi-zone microfiltration membrane to form the thin film composite membrane structure.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the selective membrane is formed on the multi-zone microfiltration membrane by interfacial polymerization.
22. A method of treating a liquid stream containing ions, the method comprising:
providing a thin film composite membrane structure according to claim 1; and
contacting the liquid stream with the thin film composite membrane structure.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the thin film composite membrane structure is provided in a reverse osmosis system or a nanofiltration system.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein the thin film composite membrane structure is provided in a direct osmotic concentration system, a forward osmosis system, or a pressure retarded osmosis system.