1. A method for preparing a PZT composition of the formula:
PbxSr(1-x)(Mn13Sb23)(1-y)(ZrzTi1-z)yO3
wherein x is about 0.96;
wherein y is about 0.94; and
wherein z is about 0.5; and
further including about 0.4% CeO2, about 1% CuO, and about 4% Nb2O5 as dopants;
the method comprising combining oxides of Pb, Sr, Mn, Sb, Zr, Ti, Ce, Cu, and Nb and calcining the combined oxides so as to produce a PZT composition of the stated formula and including about 0.4% CeO2, about 1% CuO, and about 4% Nb2O5.
2. A method for preparing a PZT composition, comprising combining oxides of Pb, Sr, Mn, Sb, Zr, and Ti according to the following formula:
PbxM(1-x)(Mn13Sb23)(1-y)(ZrzTi1-z)yO3
wherein M is Sr;
wherein x is in the range of 0.95 to 0.99;
wherein y is in the range of 0.92 to 0.97; and
wherein z is in the range of 0.45 to 0.55;
combining with said oxides one or more dopants selected from the group consisting of: PbO, CeO2, SnO2, Sm2O3, TeO2, MoO3, Nb2O5, SiO2, CuO, CdO, HfO2, Pr2O3, and mixtures thereof; and calcining the combined oxides.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the total amount of said dopant(s) in the pre-calcined composition is between 1.0% and 4.0% by weight.
4. A method according to claim 2 wherein the composition includes between 0.01 wt % and 5.0 wt. % PbO, between 0.01 wt % and 5.0 wt. % CeO2, between 0.01 wt % and 5.0 wt. % Nb2O5, and between 0.01 wt % and 5.0 wt. % CuO.
5. A method for preparing a PZT composition, comprising combining oxides of Pb, Sr, Mn, Sb, Zr, Ti, and Ce according to the following formula:
Pb0.98Sr0.02Mn0.016Sb0.03Zr0.48Ti0.47Ce0.004;
and calcining the combined oxides.
6. A method for preparing a PZT composition, comprising combining oxides of Pb, Sr, Mn, Sb, Zr, Ti, Ce and Cu according to the following formula:
Pb0.98Sr0.02Mn0.016Sb0.03Zr0.48Ti0.47Ce0.004Cu0.006;
and calcining the combined oxides.
7. A method for preparing a PZT composition, comprising combining oxides of Pb, Sr, Mn, Sb, Zr, Ti, Ce, Cu, and Nb according to the following formula:
Pb0.96Sr0.02Mn0.016Sb0.03Zr0.47Ti0.46Ce0.004Cu0.006Nb0.04;
and calcining the combined oxides.
8. A method for preparing a PZT composition, comprising combining oxides of Pb, Sr, Mn, Sb, Zr, Ti, Ce, Cu, and Nb according to the following formula:
Pb0.96Sr0.02Mn0.016Sb0.03Zr0.47Ti0.46Ce0.004Cu0.01Nb0.04;
and calcining the combined oxides.
9. A method for preparing a PZT composition, comprising combining oxides of Pb, Sr, Mn, Sb, Zr, Ti, Ce, Cu, Nb, and Sn according to the following formula:
Pb0.96Sr0.02Mn0.016Sb0.03Zr0.47Ti0.46Ce0.004Cu0.002Nb0.04Sn0.004;
and calcining the combined oxides.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for the hot shaping of molten gobs on a mold base by interposing a gas bed, comprising the following method steps:
1.1 a mold base made of open-pore mold material is produced;
1.2 the supporting surface of the mold base is coated permanently with a glass contact material;
1.3 such a coating material is chosen-or the coating is arranged in such a way that the layer comprises open pores after its application which allow a gas-conductive connection between the lower side and the upper side of the layer;
1.4 the mold base is charged with a gas in order to produce a gas bed on the upper side of the layer.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the layer is applied with such a low thickness that the pore structure of the mold base is maintained.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the layer is applied onto the mold base by sputtering, spraying, immersing or separation from solutions or suspensions.
4. An apparatus for the hot shaping of molten gobs on a gas bed, comprising the following elements:
4.1 a base made of an open-pore mold material;
4.2 the supporting surface of the mold base is coated with a glass contact material which prevents gluing or adhering to the gob;
4.3 the layer is also open-porous;
4.4 a gas connection is provided on the side of the mold base which is averted from the gob in order to apply a gas to the mold base which passes through the mold base as well as through the pores of the layer.
5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the layer comprises a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 50 m.
6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the pores of the mold base andor the layer comprise a pore diameter of 2 to 100 m.
7. An apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the pores of the mold base andor the layer comprise a pore volume of 5 to 40% by volume.
8. An apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the pores of the mold base are smaller in the zone facing the gob than the zone averted from the gob.
9. An apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the mold base is made up of layers of different pore size.
10. An apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the mold base consists of metal, noble metal, alloys thereof or ceramics, or layers of said materials.
11. An apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the layer consists of a noble metal of the first or eighth subgroup of the periodic system of elements or of any alloys of said elements among one another.
12. An apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the layer comprises a finer porosity than the mold base.
13. An apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 4 to 12, characterized in that the layer comprises a microporosity of between 0.1 and 20% by volume, preferably between 4 and 15% by volume.
14. An apparatus as claimed in one of the claims 4 to 13, characterized in that the open-pore mold material is a refractory metal.
15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that the porous refractory metal is from the group of NiCrAl or FeCrAl alloys.