1. A linear lamp comprising:
an essentially hollow tube of translucent or transparent material including an extended cylindrical lens having a length substantially coextensive with a length of the hollow tube, wherein the tube and the lens are integrally formed by a single extrusion;
a plurality of light emitting elements arranged within the tube and optically coupled with the extended cylindrical lens; and
at least one electrical wire arranged within the tube for supplying electrical power to the light emitting elements.
2. The linear lamp as set forth in claim 1, wherein the extended cylindrical lens defines a wave guide portion that distributes light generated by the light emitting elements along the tube.
3. The linear lamp as set forth in claim 1, wherein the extended cylindrical lens refracts light generated by the light emitting elements in a plane perpendicular to the tube.
4. The linear lamp as set forth in claim 1, further including:
a plurality of conductors that electrically and mechanically connect the light emitting elements to the at least one electrical wire.
5. The linear lamp as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the tube is flexible whereby the linear lamp is flexible and arrangeable in a non-straight orientation.
6. A method for manufacturing a lighting strip, the method comprising:
electrically connecting a plurality of light emitting devices to an electrical cable to form a linear light source;
extruding a transparent or translucent sheath including an integral optical element, the sheath adapted to receive the linear light source;
simultaneously with the extruding of the sheath, extruding a cylindrical lens parallel to and integrally formed with the sheath; and
inserting the linear light source into the extruded sheath with the linear light source arranged to be in optical communication with the optical element.
7. The method as set forth in claim 6, wherein electrically connecting includes:
attaching a mount to the electrical cable, which attaching includes an electrical connection between the mount and the cable; and
physically and electrically bonding one of the light emitting devices to the mount.
8. The method as set forth in claim 6, wherein electrically connecting includes:
crimping electrical leads of one of the light emitting devices to the electrical cable to establish an electrical connection therebetween; and
repeating the crimping for each of the plurality of light emitting devices.
9. A border lighting strip comprising:
an electrical cable including at least two electrical conductors;
a mount attached to the electrical cable;
a light emitting device (LED) mounted to the mount and electrically connected to the electrical conductors; and
a sheath at least partially made from a light transmissive material, the sheath having a hollow region adapted to receive the electrical cable, the mount and the LED, and an integrally formed cylindrical lens arranged to optically cooperate with the LED, wherein the mount has a complementary shape to the hollow region of the sheath so that the LED is arranged to face the cylindrical lens and is inhibited from moving around an axis parallel to the cylindrical lens.
10. The border lighting strip as set forth in claim 9, wherein the sheath includes:
an extruded length of light transmissive material of high refractive index.
11. The border lighting strip as set forth in claim 9, wherein the sheath includes:
an extruded length of a wave guiding material for distributing light along the length of the sheath.
12. The border lighting strip as set forth in claim 9, wherein each LED has associated therewith a lead frame which provides for electrical connection of the LED to the cable.
13. The border lighting strip as set forth in claim 9, wherein:
the light emitting devices (LEDs) include light emitting diodes.
14. The border lighting strip as set forth in claim 13, wherein the light emitting diodes are selected from a group consisting of:
phosphide-based red light emitting diodes,
blue or bluegreen nitride-based light emitting diodes, and
phosphor-coated UV light emitting diodes emitting white or other colored light.
15. The lighting strip of claim 9, wherein the hollow region of the sheath defines first channel and the mount includes a first tab that fits into the first channel so that the mount is inhibited from rotating in the axis parallel to the cylindrical lens.
16. The lighting strip of claim 15, wherein the hollow region of the sheath defines a second channel that is opposite the first channel and the mount includes a second tab that is opposite the first tab, the second tab fits into the second channel so that the mount is inhibited from rotating in the axis parallel to the cylindrical lens.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-10. (canceled)
11. A method for producing analgesia in a subject experiencing pain, the method comprising:
a. administering to the subject at least one sodium channel blocking compound, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound is selected from the group consisting of tetrodotoxin, derivatives of tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin, derivatives of saxitoxin, and mixtures thereof; and
b. administering to the subject at least one aspirin-like compound;
wherein the administration of the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound to the subject is effective to produce analgesia in said subject.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the aspirin-like compound is a salicylic acid or a derivative or salt thereof.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound are co-administered.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the co-administration of the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound results in a synergistic effect whereby improved analgesia is achieved in said subject as compared to analgesic effect of either the sodium channel blocking compound or the aspirin-like compound administered in the absence of the other compound.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound are each co-administered using the same route of administration.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the route of administration is by injection.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein injection is an intramuscular injection.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein the subject is experiencing acute pain.
19. The method of claim 14, wherein the subject is experiencing chronic pain.
20. The method of claim 11 in which the at least one sodium channel blocking compound is selected from the group consisting of tetrodotoxin, dehydrotetrodotoxin, aminotetrodotoxin, methoxytetrodoxin, ethoxytetrodotoxin, deoxytetrodotoxin, tetrodonix acid, saxitoxin and mixtures thereof.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the aspirin-like compound is a salicylic acid or a derivative or salt thereof.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the co-administration of the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound results in a synergistic effect whereby improved analgesia is achieved in said subject as compared to analgesic effect of either the sodium channel blocking compound or the aspirin-like compound administered in the absence of the other compound.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound are co-administered.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound are each co-administered using the same route of administration.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the route of administration is by injection.
26. The method of claim 25, wherein injection is an intramuscular injection.
27. The method of claim 22, wherein the subject is experiencing acute pain.
28. The method of claim 22, wherein the subject is experiencing chronic pain.
29. The method of claim 11, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound is tetrodotoxin.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the aspirin-like compound is a salicylic acid or a derivative or salt thereof.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the co-administration of the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound results in a synergistic effect whereby improved analgesia is achieved in said subject as compared to analgesic effect of either the sodium channel blocking compound or the aspirin-like compound administered in the absence of the other compound.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound are co-administered.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound are each co-administered using the same route of administration.
34. The method of claim 33, wherein the route of administration is by injection.
35. The method of claim 34, wherein injection is an intramuscular injection.
36. The method of claim 31, wherein the subject is experiencing acute pain.
37. The method of claim 31, wherein the subject is experiencing chronic pain.
38. The method of claim 11, wherein the aspirin-like compound is selected from the group consisting of salicylic acid or a salt thereof, acetylsalicylic acid, and diflunisal.
39. The method of claim 38, wherein the co-administration of the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound results in a synergistic effect whereby improved analgesia is achieved in said subject as compared to analgesic effect of either the sodium channel blocking compound or the aspirin-like compound administered in the absence of the other compound.
40. The method of claim 39, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound are co-administered.
41. The method of claim 40, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound are each co-administered using the same route of administration.
42. The method of claim 41, wherein the route of administration is by injection.
43. The method of claim 42, wherein injection is an intramuscular injection.
44. The method of claim 39, wherein the subject is experiencing acute pain.
45. The method of claim 39, wherein the subject is experiencing chronic pain.
46. The method of claim 20, wherein the aspirin-like compound is selected from the group consisting of salicylic acid or a salt thereof, acetylsalicylic acid, and diflunisal.
47. The method of claim 46, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound are co-administered.
48. The method of claim 47, wherein the co-administration of the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound results in a synergistic effect whereby improved analgesia is achieved in said subject as compared to analgesic effect of either the sodium channel blocking compound or the aspirin-like compound administered in the absence of the other compound.
49. The method of claim 48, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound are each co-administered using the same route of administration.
50. The method of claim 49, wherein the route of administration is by injection.
51. The method of claim 50, wherein injection is an intramuscular injection.
52. The method of claim 48, wherein the subject is experiencing acute pain.
53. The method of claim 48, wherein the subject is experiencing chronic pain.
54. The method of claim 29, wherein the aspirin-like is selected from the group consisting of salicylic acid or a salt thereof, acetylsalicylic acid, and diflunisal.
55. The method of claim 54, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound are co-administered.
56. The method of claim 55, wherein the co-administration of the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound results in a synergistic effect whereby improved analgesia is achieved in said subject as compared to analgesic effect of either the sodium channel blocking compound or the aspirin-like compound administered in the absence of the other compound.
57. The method of claim 56, wherein the sodium channel blocking compound and the aspirin-like compound are each co-administered using the same route of administration.
58. The method of claim 57, wherein the route of administration is by injection.
59. The method of claim 58, wherein injection is an intramuscular injection.
60. The method of claim 56, wherein the subject is experiencing acute pain.
61. The method of claim 56, wherein the subject is experiencing chronic pain.
62. A method for producing analgesia in a subject experiencing pain, the method comprising:
a. administering tetrodotoxin to the subject; and
b. administering aspirin to the subject;
wherein the administration of tetrodotoxin and aspirin to the subject is effective in producing analgesia in said subject.
63. The method of claim 62, wherein the tetrodotoxin and the aspirin are co-administered.
64. The method of claim 63, wherein the co-administration of tetrodotoxin and aspirin results in a synergistic effect whereby improved analgesia is achieved in said subject when compared to the analgesic effect of either tetrodotoxin or aspirin administered in the absence of the other compound.
65. The method of claim 64 wherein the tetrodotoxin and the aspirin are each co-administered using the same route of administration.
66. The method of claim 65, wherein the route of administration is by injection.
67. The method of claim 66, wherein injection is an intramuscular injection.
68. The method of claim 64, wherein the subject is experiencing acute pain.
69. The method of claim 64, wherein the subject is experiencing chronic pain.