1. An intumescent fireproofing composition, comprising a formulation that includes:
a. a resin;
b. a coalescent; and
c. glass fibers of a predetermined size;
wherein the resin is a vinyl acetate copolymer;
wherein the coalescent exhibits a boiling point of greater than 240\xb0 C., the coalescent is effective to substantially reduce or eliminate the potential for volatile organic compound (VOC) release, and the coalescent is selected from a group consisting of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediolmono(2-methylpropanoate) and bis(2-ethylhexanoate) triethylene glycol;
wherein the VOC is an organic compound exhibiting a boiling point greater than 250\xb0 C.;
wherein the predetermined size of the glass fibers is a length of between 0.2 mm and 3 mm; and
wherein the intumescent fireproofing composition delivers effective fireproofing and hangability performance, the hangability performance being defined by an absence of sliding or sagging of the intumescent fireproofing composition,
wherein sliding is a measure of movement of the intumescent fireproofing composition from an application position on a coated area to a position below the coated area due to gravity, and
wherein sagging is a measure of an increase in coating thickness from an applied thickness of the intumescent fireproofing composition to a final thickness defined by at least a two-fold increase in thickness from top to bottom of the coated area due to gravity.
2. The intumescent fireproofing composition according to claim 1, wherein the formulation is water-based.
3. The intumescent fireproofing composition according to claim 1, wherein the formulation further includes a defoamer and thickener.
4. The intumescent fireproofing composition according to claim 1, wherein the formulation further includes at least one of titania, a polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythritol.
5. The intumescent fireproofing composition according to claim 1, wherein the glass fibers are included in the formulation at a level of between about 0.5% and 6% by weight.
6. The intumescent fireproofing composition according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined size of the glass fibers is a length of between about 2 mm and 3 mm.
7. The intumescent fireproofing composition according to claim 1, further comprising ceramic fibers selected from the group consisting of mineral wool, alumina, alumina-magnesia-silica, aluminosilicate, silica, zirconia and quartz fibers.
8. The intumescent fireproofing composition according to claim 1, wherein the hangability performance is determined based on the intumescent fireproofing composition at the applied thickness of at least 0.25 mm.
9. The intumescent fireproofing composition according to claim 1, wherein the formulation further comprises a constituent that is effective to decrease or eliminate potentially unpleasant odors.
10. The intumescent fireproofing composition according to claim 9, wherein the constituent is selected from the group consisting of methyl salicylate, benzaldehyde, trans-cinnamonaldehyde and vanillin.
11. The intumescent fireproofing composition according to claim 1, wherein the formulation further comprises clay.
12. The intumescent fireproofing composition according to claim 11, wherein the clay is included in the formulation at a level of about one percent by weight.
13. A method for providing fireproofing protection to a substrate, comprising:
a. providing a fireproofing composition having a formulation that includes
(i) a resin; (ii) a coalescent; and (iii) glass fibers of a predetermined size;
b. applying the fireproofing composition to the substrate;
wherein the resin is a vinyl acetate copolymer;
wherein the coalescent exhibits a boiling point of greater than 240\xb0C., the coalescent is effective to substantially reduce or eliminate the potential for volatile organic compound (VOC) release, and the coalescent is selected from a group consisting of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediolmono(2-methylpropanoate) and bis(2-ethylhexanoate) triethylene glycol;
wherein the VOC is an organic compound exhibiting a boiling point greater than 250\xb0 C.;
wherein the predetermined size of the glass fibers is a length of between 0.2 mm and 3 mm; and
wherein the intumescent fireproofing composition delivers effective fireproofing and hangability performance when applied to the substrate, the hangability performance being defined by an absence of sliding or sagging of the intumescent fireproofing composition,
wherein sliding is a measure of movement of the intumescent fireproofing composition from an application position on a coated area to a position below the coated area due to gravity, and
wherein sagging is a measure of an increase in coating thickness from an applied thickness of the intumescent fireproofing composition to a final thickness defined by at least a two-fold increase in thickness from top to bottom of the coated area due to gravity.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the formulation is water-based.
15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the formulation further includes a defoamer and thickener.
16. The method according to claim 13, wherein the formulation further includes at least one of titania, a polyphosphate, melamine and pentaerythritol.
17. The method according to claim 13, wherein the glass fibers are included in the formulation at a level of between about 0.5% and 6% by weight.
18. The method according to claim 13, wherein the predetermined size of the fibers is a length of between about 2 mm and 3 mm.
19. The method according to claim 13, wherein the hangability performance is determined based on the intumescent fireproofing composition at an applied thickness of at least 0.25 mm.
20. The method according to claim 13, wherein the formulation further comprises a constituent that is effective to decrease or eliminate potentially unpleasant odors.
21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the constituent is selected from the group consisting of methyl salicylate, benzaldehyde, trans-cinnamonaldehyde and vanillin.
22. The method according to claim 13, wherein the formulation further comprises clay.
23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the clay is included in the formulation at a level of about one percent by weight.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. An electrical switch apparatus for a bicycle control device comprising:
a mounting member structured to be mounted to a bicycle;
a first operating member supported by the mounting member for movement between a first operating member start position and a first operating member operating position;
a first piezoelectric element supported by the mounting member; and
a first striking member supported by the mounting member for movement between a first striking member start position and a first striking member striking position;
wherein the first striking member is operatively coupled to the first operating member such that the first striking member moves from the first striking member start position to the first striking member striking position to strike the first piezoelectric element in response to movement of the first operating member from the first operating member start position to the first operating member operating position.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the first operating member is pivotably supported to the mounting member.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the first operating member comprises a lever having an exposed finger contact member.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the first striking member is pivotably supported to the mounting member.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the first striking member comprises a lever having a striking portion for striking the first piezoelectric element.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the first operating member is supported to the mounting member for pivoting around a first axis, wherein the first striking member is supported to the mounting member for pivoting around a second axis, and wherein the first axis is different from the second axis.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the first axis is parallel to the second axis.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the first piezoelectric element is disposed between the first axis and the second axis when viewed along at least one of the first axis and the second axis.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a first operating member biasing unit that biases the first operating member toward the first operating member start position.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a first striking member biasing unit that biases the first striking member toward the first striking member start position.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a biasing unit that biases the first operating member relative to the first striking member.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the first striking member is supported to the mounting member for pivoting around an axis, and wherein a vector of biasing force applied to the first striking member crosses over the axis as the first operating member moves from the first operating member start position to the first operating member operating position.
13. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein the biasing unit biases the first operating member toward the first operating member start position and biases the first striking member toward the first striking member start position.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13 wherein the biasing unit is coupled such that the biasing unit biases the first striking member toward the first striking member striking position when the first operating member is at the first operating member operating position.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the biasing unit changes from biasing the first striking member toward the first striking member start position to biasing the first striking member toward the first striking member striking position as the first operating member moves from the first operating member start position toward the first operating member operating position.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15 wherein the biasing unit comprises a spring coupled to the first operating member and to the first striking member.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16 wherein a biasing force of the spring applied to the first operating member increases as the first operating member moves toward the first operating member operating position.
18. The apparatus according to claim 17 wherein the biasing force of the spring applied to the first operating member remains in a direction of the first operating member start position throughout movement of the first operating member from the first operating member start position to the first operating member operating position.
19. The apparatus according to claim 16 wherein a biasing force of the spring applied to the first striking member increases as the first operating member moves toward the first operating member operating position.
20. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the piezoelectric element has a first end secured to a first support structure, wherein the first piezoelectric element has a second end secured to a second support structure, and wherein the first striking member strikes the first piezoelectric element at a location between the first end and the second end.
21. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a wireless transmitter that outputs a wireless control signal in response to movement of the first piezoelectric element when the first striking member strikes the first piezoelectric element.
22. The apparatus according to claim 21 wherein the wireless control signal comprises one of an upshift signal or a downshift signal for a bicycle transmission.
23. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising:
a second operating member supported by the mounting member for movement between a second operating member start position and a second operating member operating position;
a second piezoelectric element supported by the mounting member; and
a second striking member supported by the mounting member for movement between a second striking member start position and a second striking member striking position;
wherein the second striking member is operatively coupled to the second operating member such that the second striking member moves from the second striking member start position to the second striking member striking position to strike the second piezoelectric element in response to movement of the second operating member from the second operating member start position to the second operating member operating position.
24. The apparatus according to claim 23 further comprising:
a first wireless transmitter that outputs a wireless upshift signal for a bicycle transmission in response to movement of the first piezoelectric element when the first striking member strikes the first piezoelectric element; and
a second wireless transmitter that outputs a wireless downshift signal for the bicycle transmission in response to movement of the second piezoelectric element when the second striking member strikes the second piezoelectric element.
25. An electrical switch apparatus for a bicycle control device comprising:
a mounting member structured to be mounted to a bicycle;
an operating member supported by the mounting member for movement between an operating member start position and an operating member operating position;
an electrical element supported by the mounting member;
a contact member supported by the mounting member for movement between a contact member start position and a contact member contacting position;
a biasing unit that applies a vector of biasing force to the contacting member;
wherein the biasing unit is operatively coupled to the operating member such that the contact member moves from the contact member start position to the contact member contacting position to move the electrical element in response to movement of the operating member from the operating member start position to the operating member operating position;
wherein the contact member is supported to the mounting member for pivoting around an axis; and
wherein the vector of biasing force applied to the contact member crosses over the axis as the operating member moves from the operating member start position to the operating member operating position.
26. An electrical switch apparatus that controls movement of a moving bicycle control device, wherein the apparatus comprises:
a mounting member structured to be mounted to a bicycle;
an operating member supported by the mounting member for movement between an operating member start position and an operating member operating position;
a piezoelectric element supported by the mounting member;
wherein the operating member causes the piezoelectric element to move and generate a control signal for the bicycle control device when the operating member moves to the operating member operating position; and
a control circuit that receives the control signal and provides a signal to move the bicycle control device in response to the control signal.